Criminal Justice Systems Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive overview of criminal justice systems, examining their structure, function, and processes from a global perspective. Students will explore the key components of law enforcement, courts, and corrections, as well as the interactions between these elements within different legal frameworks. Topics include the principles of criminal law, crime control policies, the role of government agencies, and contemporary challenges such as human rights issues, technology, and reform. The course encourages critical analysis of how justice is administered and the impact of social, economic, and cultural factors on the development and operation of criminal justice institutions.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 10th Edition by Curtis R. Bartol
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault are all examples of what kind of crime, according to the FBI?
A) Victimization crimes
B) Part I crimes
C) Part II crimes
D) Masculine crimes
E) Heinous crimes
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is least consistent with the developmental approach in the study of crime?
A) Searching for factors that place a child at risk of engaging in serious delinquency
B) Identifying the age of onset of antisocial behavior
C) Searching for protective factors in a child's life
D) Obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence
E) Examining a child's pre-school experiences.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Virginia Douglas (2004), the core problem in ADHD children involves:
A) executive function skills.
B) not knowing.
C) self-regulation.
D) overprescribed stimulant drugs.
E) a and c.
Answer: E
Q2) Several studies have found a strong association between animal cruelty and violent behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Poverty is an example of a(n) ____ risk factor
A) social
B) familial
C) economic
D) psychological
E) self-fulfilling
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The MAOA-L gene has been nicknamed the:
A) warrior gene.
B) apocalyptic predictor.
C) mood enhancer.
D) zen master.
E) terminator gene.
Answer: A
Q2) Which statement most accurately summarizes findings on twin and adoption studies?
A) One's environment significantly impacts the frequency and severity of criminal behavior.
B) Genetic factors have little impact on antisocial behavior.
C) The environment in which a child is raised has little impact on the likelihood of antisocial behavior.
D) Genes may influence one's susceptibility or resistance to environmental risk factors.
E) Genes do not significantly impact one's susceptibility to environmental risk factors.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and
Situational Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The September 11, 2001 attack on the Pentagon is an example of a frustration-induced riot.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The theorist most associated with stimulus-response psychology is:
A) Watson.
B) Bandura.
C) Pavlov.
D) Wundt.
E) Eysenck.
Q3) According to the text, in order to fully understand criminal behavior, it is important to regard all individuals as passive participants in their environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) B. F. Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the concept of deindividuation and illustrate by describing any one experiment in social psychology.
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it pessimistic to view violence and aggression as a genetically programmed aspect of human nature?
Q2) The type of aggression that includes anger expressions, temper tantrums, and vengeful hostility, and more generally "hot-blooded" aggressive acts is called:
A) proactive aggression.
B) mediated aggression.
C) aggressive mimicry.
D) reactive aggression.
E) expressive aggression.
Q3) Explain the difference between road rage and aggressive driving.
Q4) If you were a TV producer and wanted an argument to support your position of the value of violence on television, you would probably rely on which of the following theoretical positions?
A) Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic.
B) Social learning.
C) Frustration-aggression.
D) Behaviorism.
E) Modeling.
Q5) Discuss the difficulties in adequately defining aggression.
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) The traditional form of treatment where youths are incarcerated for extended periods of time and often until they reach adulthood is known as:
A) residential treatment.
B) the training school.
C) the rehabilitation center.
D) all the above.
E) none of the above.
Q2) Poor interpersonal skills, conduct disorders, and difficult temperaments are often found in the background of _____offenders.
A) AL
B) ADHD
C) LCP
D) delinquent
E) status
Q3) Explain the reasons why it is so difficult to gather complete data on the national incidence of juvenile delinquency.
Q4) Provide a brief history of juvenile justice, including the date of its origin in the United States.
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Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research and theory suggest that the psychopath has a pathological need for stimulation and excitement because of some deficiency in the:
A) RAS.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thalamus.
D) cerebral cortex.
E) hippocampus.
Q2) Currently, Hare's PCL-R is the best measure available of identifying criminal psychopaths. According to Hare, what score must a person receive on this scale to be considered a criminal psychopath?
A) 20
B) 25
C) 22
D) 30
E) 18
Q3) Briefly describe the core behavioral characteristics of the criminal psychopath.
Q4) Compare and contrast the terms sociopath and psychopath.
Q5) Describe at least one concern about using the PCL-R across racial and ethnic backgrounds.
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Q1) All of the following standards or rules to determine insanity are or have been represented in various state or federal legal systems except the:
A) Dayton Rule.
B) M'Naghten Rule.
C) Brawner Rule.
D) Product Test.
E) Durham Rule.
Q2) Insanity is a legal term that refers to a defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ken Bianchi, the Hillside Strangler, was diagnosed as a psychopath.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Adjudicative competence is now the standard term for not guilty by reason of insanity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly describe four legal standards for of insanity and their requirements.
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Q1) Discuss the relationship between guns and crime. Describe how the weapons effect may impact gang violence and neighborhood crime.
Q2) The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1974 made what activity a federal crime?
A) Trading in unregistered guns for cash.
B) Ownership of assault-type weapons
C) Juvenile possession of handgun ammunition
D) Shooting animals without a license.
E) Owning a pistol without a license.
Q3) Neonaticide refers to the killing of:
A) an infant.
B) a child older than 24 hours.
C) a child within the first 24 hours after birth.
D) a child by the mother.
E) a fetus.
Q4) Define the availability heuristic? How might it account for our perception of violence?
Q5) Compare and contrast Shaken Baby Syndrome and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy as specific forms of child abuse.
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The murders at Virginia Tech in 2007 is an example of:
A) domestic terrorism.
B) spree murder.
C) serial murder.
D) classic mass murder.
E) b and d.
Q2) According to La Fon (2002), the two basic types of psychological autopsies are:
A) suicide and equivocal death.
B) empirical and anecdotal.
C) compensatory and reconstructive.
D) testimonial and random
E) aggressive and non-aggressive
Q3) _____ profiling is often used in the search for property offenders.
A) Residential
B) Racial
C) Geographic
D) Equivocal
E) Ethnic
Q4) According to the research discussed in the text, what would be an effective approach to reducing serial murder?
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast Piaget and Kohlberg's stages of moral development. How may these stages explain terrorist activity.
Q2) Terrorists may view their actions as stemming from the dictates of authorities and leaders rather than from their own personal responsibility. This process is called:
A) dehumanization.
B) deindividuation.
C) dichotomy of the identity.
D) disassociation.
E) displacement of responsibility.
Q3) The textbook states that the process of becoming a terrorist is:
A) gradual.
B) quick.
C) haphazard.
D) crude.
E) simple.
Q4) All terrorist activities are criminal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the reasons why a terrorist might volunteer for a suicide mission.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sex offenders are a homogenous group, markedly similar in age, race and socioeconomic status.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of rapist rapes in response to an intense sexual arousal initiated by specific stimuli?
A) Compensatory rapist
B) Sadistic rapist
C) Impulsive rapist
D) Displaced aggression
E) Vindictive offender
Q3) The forceful physical resistance strategy of rape resistance may reduce the probability of _____ and increases the risk of _____.
A) identifying the attacker; rape completion
B) physical injury; sexual trauma
C) rape completion; physical injury to the victim.
D) violent behavior; rape completion
E) infuriating the attacker; rape completion.
Q4) What does research tell us about resistance and rape.
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth and Other
Sexual Offenses
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Q1) Alcohol abuse is common in pedophelia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of the following treatment approaches, which has shown the most promise in the overall treatment of sexual offenders?
A) Behavior modification
B) Reality therapy
C) Implosive therapy
D) relapse prevention
E) psychoeducational counseling
Q3) Describe the psychological effects of child sexual victimization.
Q4) Describe the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of child molesters.
Q5) Sexual contact with immature family members by individuals from outside the family is called:
A) extrafamilial child molestation.
B) intrafamilial child molestation.
C) hebephilia.
D) paraphilia.
E) perversion.
Page 15
Q6) Briefly describe the Groth classification model of child molesters.
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Property and Public Order Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Burglaries are most likely to involve:
A) private residences.
B) warehouses and storage facilities.
C) convenience and liquor stores.
D) supermarkets.
E) fast food restaurants.
Q2) A situation in which a shoplifter follows someone else's orders in committing the crime is referred to as:
A) vicarious gratification.
B) neutralization.
C) shoplifting by proxy.
D) softlifting.
E) coercive crime.
Q3) According to Shover, all of the following are characteristics of a "good burglar," except:
A) technical skill.
B) derives most of his or her income from burglary.
C) is skilled in the use of violence when necessary.
D) maintains a good reputation for personal integrity among other criminals.
E) has feelings of self-satisfaction and accomplishment.
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of Initimidation
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Q1) According to Miron and Goldstein's typology of hostage-taking offenses, a hostage taker who kidnaps a child and holds the child for ransom is demonstrating:
A) instrumental conduct
B) expressive aphasia.
C) receptive conduct.
D) expressive conduct.
E) none of the above.
Q2) _____ stalkers do not seek a personal relationship with their targets.
A) Love obsession
B) Possessive
C) Vengeance
D) Erotomania
E) Simple obsession
Q3) A major difference between robbery and other property crime is that:
A) robbery involves direct contact with a victim.
B) robbers are less likely to be apprehended.
C) robbers are more likely to rationalize their behavior.
D) on average, robbery brings in more money for the offender.
E) robbery rarely harms humans.
Q4) Define pyromania. Does research support pyromania? Explain.
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent evidence suggests a relationship between:
A) heroin addiction and money-producing crime.
B) amphetamine addiction and violence.
C) marijuana use and family violence.
D) cocaine use and sexual assault.
E) marijuana use and inhalants.
Q2) Pseudo-narcotic is a major classifications of narcotic drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cocaine typically classified as a central nervous system:
A) hallucinogen.
B) opiate-narcotic.
C) depressant.
D) stimulant.
E) none of the above.
Q4) Briefly list the common psychological effects of any three of the following: cocaine, MDMA, heroin, alcohol, metamphetamine.
Q5) Discuss the relationship between alcohol and crime.
Q6) Define and explain drug tolerance and dependence.
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