Criminal Justice
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Criminal Justice is an interdisciplinary course that explores the structures, processes, and challenges of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Students examine the historical development of criminal justice institutions, the roles and responsibilities of various justice professionals, and key concepts such as due process, crime prevention, and rehabilitation. The course also addresses contemporary issues like policing reforms, juvenile justice, sentencing policies, and the impact of social inequalities on justice outcomes, providing a comprehensive foundation for understanding how laws are enforced and justice is administered in society.
Recommended Textbook
Community Based Corrections A TextReader 1st edition by Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa
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11 Chapters
277 Verified Questions
277 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Ethics of Community-Based Sanctions
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the earliest forms of leniency was known as _______________ which came in two forms-one that was largely secular in nature and the other that had its roots in Christian religion.
A) benefit of clergy
B) judicial reprieve
C) sanctuary
D) recognizance
Answer: C
Q2) _______________ refers to the removal of a valued stimulus when the offender commits an undesired behavior.
A) Positive reinforcers
B) Negative reinforcers
C) Positive punishment
D) Negative punishment
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: What Influences Offenders' Willingness to Serve
Alternative Sanctions?
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term _______________ refers to a concept where communities that experience disorderly conduct or criminal behavior possess citizens who have the cohesiveness to act in an "effective" means to solve the crime problem in their area.
A) diversion
B) therapeutic jurisprudence
C) collective efficacy
D) pretrial supervision
Answer: C
Q2) _______________ serves as a voluntary option for offenders awaiting a court appearance.Ideally, those charged would complete some form of individualized treatment program before being released.
A) diversion
B) therapeutic jurisprudence
C) collective efficacy
D) pretrial supervision
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: When the Policy Becomes the Problem
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal(s) of offender mediation include(s) the following:
A) Supporting the healing process of victims by providing a safe, controlled setting for them to meet and speak with offenders on a strictly voluntary basis.
B) Allowing offenders to learn about the impact of their crimes on the victims and take direct responsibility for their behavior.
C) Providing an opportunity for the victim and offender to develop a mutually acceptable plan that addresses the harm caused by the crime.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q2) _______________ theory holds that when individuals are labeled as criminals they will become stabilized in those roles, developing criminal identities that separate them from the mainstream population and exclude them from conventional roles.
A) Teen courts
B) Reintegrative shaming
C) Labeling
D) Environmental crime prevention
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Impact of Gender and Race-Ethnicity in the
Pretrial Release Process
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In spite of the fact that research continues to be conducted and a growing body of literature demonstrates the necessary principles for effective treatment, many communities still rely on programming such as _______________ that have no empirical support for their effectiveness.
A) punitive oriented programs (e.g., boot camps, scared straight)
B) control-oriented programs (e.g., intensive supervision)
C) non-intervention programs (e.g., labeling theory)
D) All of the above
Q2) _______________ programs are designed to decrease the likelihood of crime after a crime or aberrant behavior has been detected and processed.
A) Prevention
B) Treatment
C) Reality therapy
D) Operant conditioning
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6
Chapter 5: State Administration of Drug Courts
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the clinical/rehabilitation case management approach, those providing case management services deliver the clinical treatment as well, providing both in an integrated manner.The case manager in this model has the primary responsibility for providing therapeutic intervention, including therapy, counseling, skills teaching, and other rehabilitative interventions
Along with case management services.
A) broker/generalist case management
B) strengths-based perspective case management
C) assertive community treatment case management
D) clinical/rehabilitation case management
Q2) The _______________ is narrow in scope of action.This model focuses primarily On rapid linkage and referral.The case manager provides limited direct services other than the initial assessment to determine service needs, service referrals, and occasional monitoring of service provision.Where resources are scarce, this model allows for the provision of a limited number of services to the greatest number of participants.
A) broker/generalist case management
B) strengths-based perspective case management
C) assertive community treatment case management
D) clinical/rehabilitation case management
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Restorative Practices in Instituttional Settings
and at Release
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Sample Questions
Q1) The competing interests associated with probation have been found to cause a great deal of stress and uncertainty for many supervision officers.Indeed,ambiguity and uncertainty tend to generate stress for most persons because it is simply human nature to desire a sense of control and/or mastery overone's environment.Amidst ambiguous and competing messages, this sense of mastery or security is difficult to achieve.This then leads to a competing
Professional identity among probation officers termed _______________ and is a primary source of burnout among CSOs.
A) role identity confusion
B) lack of promotional opportunities
C) professional accountability
D) changing or conflicting policies and/or procedures
Q2) It wasn't until __________ that Massachusetts passed the first law providing for a paid probation officer.The passage of this law required the individual to report directly to the chief of police.
A) 1778
B) 1808
C) 1878
D) 1908
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Chapter 7: The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practices
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20 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concurrently, federal spending on parole services has _______________ while parole officers' caseloads have _______________.
A) increased; decreased
B) decreased; increased
C) increased; increased
D) decreased; decreased
Q2) According to McCollister, French, Inciardi, Butzin, Martin, and Hooper, the goal of the (Therapeutic Community) TC model for drug abuse treatment is _______________.
A) a global change in lifestyle involving abstinence from drugs
B) elimination of antisocial activities
C) the development of employable skills, prosocial attitudes, and values
D) All of the above
Q3) Intermediate sanctions may involve residential facilities like _______________
A) restitution centers
B) work release centers
C) probation detention facilities
D) All of the above
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Page 9
Chapter 8: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Thinking for a Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea of community service began as one of _______________.
A) retribution
B) rehabilitation
C) deterrence
D) incapacitation
Q2) _______________ states that crime occurs when there is an intersection in time and space of a motivated offender, an attractive target, and a lack of capable guardianship.People's daily routine activities affect the likelihood they will be an attractive target and will encounter an offender in a situation where no effective guardianship is present.
A) Deterrence theory
B) Strain theory
C) Routine activities theory
D) Differential association
Q3) The source(s) from which samples are drawn for drug testing includes:
A) Urine and blood
B) Hair
C) Sweat and saliva
D) All of the above
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Chapter 9: Offender Coercion in Treatment: A
Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Steen and Opsal, the difference in likelihood of revocation for a New offense between property and public order offenders is _______________ for Blacks than Whites.
A) larger
B) smaller
C) no different
D) None of the above
Q2) According to your textbook author, there is/are (a) basic service(s) that tend(s) to be provided by a parole agency:
A) parole release
B) parole supervision
C) executive clemency
D) All of the above
Q3) The term _______________ refers to the early release of an offender from a secure facility upon completion of a certain portion of his or her sentence.
A) organizational culture
B) parole
C) residential treatment
D) incarceration
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Chapter
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ is a Latin term that denotes that the king, as father of his country, is empowered and obligated to protect the welfare of the country's children.
A) Parens patriae
B) Juvenile probation
C) Social study
D) Informality
Q2) According to Hubbard and Matthews, the 'what works literature' states that a youth's level of risk indicates his or her likelihood of _______________.
A) recidivism
B) rehabilitation
C) retribution
D) reentry
Q3) According to your textbook author, the primary function(s) of juvenile probation is/are:
A) intake
B) investigation
C) supervision
D) All of the above
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Chapter 11: Can 14,737 Women Be Wrong?
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25 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the _______________ aggression is simply instrumental and used to gain compliance. This offender is not necessarily withdrawn or reclusive. Rather, this offender may simply desire sex and may be in a situation where he feels that force or coercion could successfully get the sexual intercourse that he wants.This type of rape is most reflected by date rape and similar forms of sexual assault.It may or may not be a repetitive behavior, depending on how any previous attempts at coercion have ended.It is unlikely that this type of offender will allow the coercion or aggression to escalate to the point of serious injury to the victim.
A) power reassurance rapist
B) power assertive rapist
C) anger retaliation rapist
D) sadistic rapist
Q2) _______________ is designed for persons dependent on narcotic drugs (i.e., heroin, opium) and is typically found in inpatient settings with programs that last for 7 to 21 days.
A) Interrogation-oriented techniques
B) Chemical castration
C) Detoxification
D) Self-help groups
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Page 13