Criminal Justice
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Criminal Justice is an interdisciplinary course that explores the structure, functions, and processes of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Students will examine the development of criminal law, the role of various agencies, crime causation theories, and the impact of public policy on crime and punishment. Emphasis is placed on contemporary issues such as policing practices, judicial decision-making, incarceration, and the rights of the accused. Through case studies and analysis, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how justice is administered and the challenges facing the criminal justice system in a diverse society.
Recommended Textbook
Community Policing Partnerships for Problem Solving 8th Edition by Linda S. Miller
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16 Chapters
1229 Verified Questions
1229 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Community Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cordner's four dimensions of community policing include all of the following except A)tactical.
B)organizational.
C)standardization.
D)strategic.
Answer: C
Q2) The law that evidence gathered in an illegal search and seizure could not be used against the defendant was decided by the U.S.Supreme Court in which 1914 case?
A)Weeks v. United States
B)Miranda v. Arizona
C)Terry v. Ohio
D)Gideon v. Wainwright
Answer: A
Q3) During the ___________ era the police were decentralized under the authority of the municipality in which they worked.
Answer: political
Q4) A ___________________ shift is a new way of thinking about a specific subject.
Answer: paradigm
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3
Chapter 2: Inside Police Agencies: Understanding Mission and Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe one of the four expectations of citizens according to Skogan.
Answer: One of the four expectations of citizens according to Wesley G. Skogan, who is known for his work on community policing and police-community relations, is the expectation for service. Citizens expect the police to provide a range of services beyond just law enforcement. This includes helping those in need of assistance, such as individuals involved in accidents, those who are lost, or those who are locked out of their homes or vehicles. It also encompasses the expectation that police will engage in community service activities, such as educational programs in schools, community meetings, and crime prevention efforts. This service orientation reflects the desire for a police force that is not only reactive in responding to crime but also proactive in addressing community needs and fostering positive relationships with the public.
Q2) The transformation of good people into evil people is called
A)the Noble Cause effect.
B)the integrity lapse effect.
C)the Lucifer effect.
D)the Halloween effect.
Answer: C
Q3) A _______________ is a written declaration of purpose.
Answer: mission statement
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Understanding and Involving the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term that describes a population's size,distribution,growth,density,employment rate,ethnic makeup,and vital statistics such as average age,education,and income?
A)Demographics
B)Belonging
C)Cohesiveness
D)Community
Answer: A
Q2) According to the text,plea bargaining,diversion,community alternatives to prison,capital punishment,and victim's rights are
A)controversial issues in the criminal justice system that affect police-community partnerships.
B)issues within a police officer's appropriate sphere of action.
C)proven methods of eliminating crime.
D)sustainable communities.
Answer: A
Q3) According to the text,_________________ along with the police plays a major role in safeguarding Americans and their property.
Answer: private security
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Chapter 4: Problem Solving: Proactive Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________________ emphasizes cross-training of criminal justice and mental health professionals to develop collaborative problem-solving techniques that go beyond the reach of either "system" acting alone.
Q2) Understand the "magnet phenomenon" and how it can adversely affect problem analysis and selection of potential actions by law enforcement.
Q3) The primary work unit in the professional model is the ______________-an isolated event that requires police response.
Q4) According to the text,the definition of a problem draws attention to six required elements of a problem.The acronym is A)PEEPER.
B)CHEERS.
C)SARA.
D)HUDDLE
Q5) The least-effort principle proposes that A)criminals tend to commit crimes near but not too close to their residence. B)criminals tend to target victims who offer the least resistance. C)criminals tend to target areas near major roads that offer escape routes. D)criminals tend to be lazy.
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Chapter 5: Implementing Community Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Community policing brings police closer to the people,building relationships between police and community and among community members themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the text,community policing will require a change in A)mission statement.
B)departmental organization.
C)the general approach to "fighting crime."
D)All of the above
Q3) Describe the five concerns that have most strongly influenced the development of problem-oriented policing.
Q4) Departments that have successfully implemented community policing generally have
A)flattened the bureaucracy, resulting in fewer management positions and more line personnel.
B)empowered patrol officers to make decisions and problem-solve.
C)assigned permanent shifts and areas to allow officers and supervisors greater knowledge about the citizens, businesses, and organizations in the neighborhoods where they work.
D)All of the above
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Communicating With a Diverse Population
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Sample Questions
Q1) Statements such as "The French are great lovers" are based on A)notions.
B)bias.
C)stereotypes.
D)history.
Q2) Dr.George Thompson is the founder of A)Verbal Judo.
B)Verbal Tae Kwon Do.
C)Verbal Karate.
D)Verbal Effectiveness.
Q3) Although it may occur in public,intimidation is not a concern in the courtroom. A)True
B)False
Q4) Preference for one's own way of life over all others is known as A)assimilation. B)acculturation.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)cultural pluralism.
Q5) Describe and give examples of the results of being victimized.
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Chapter 7: Building Partnerships: a Cornerstone of Community Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,concerns about using volunteers in police departments include
A)possible access to confidential material.
B)older people's well-known disrespect for the law.
C)their tendency to try to take over enforcement duties.
D)All of the above
Q2) Four dimensions of _____________ are shared priorities,competency,dependability,and respect.
Q3) Community prosecution focuses not on specific cases but on community issues and problems,often focusing on
A)hot spot crime.
B)juvenile crime issues.
C)quality-of-life issues.
D)career criminals.
Q4) Community prosecution philosophy calls on prosecutors to A)attend daily patrol briefings.
B)prosecute to the fullest extent of the law.
C)take a proactive approach.
D)develop collaboration with jails.
Page 9
Q5) Discuss the concept of community courts and how it has affected communities.
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Chapter 8: Forming Partnerships With the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the news media echo effect.
Q2) ________________ are good,solid information that is stated briefly,within 7 to 12 seconds.
Q3) One tool that can help community policing achieve its mission through the media is the ______________,designed to proactively address specific crime and disorder issues that routinely occur at certain times of the year.
A)bimonthly press release
B)seasonal press release
C)yearly press release
D)daily press release
Q4) According to the text,the Society of Professional Journalists contends that
A)law enforcement should share all information.
B)law enforcement should allow the media inside during interrogations.
C)the practice of telling victims they don't have to talk to journalists will interfere with news gathering.
D)communities should receive real-time crime information.
Q5) According to the text,the media has had an impact on the criminal justice system.Discuss the impacts on law enforcement.
Q6) The ____________ Amendment guarantees freedom of the press.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Early Experiments in Crime Prevention and the
Evolution of Community Policing Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) A benefit of the Deferred Prosecution/First Offenders Unit is that it conserves police,prosecutorial,judicial,and correctional resources.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Referrals to dispute resolution centers can come from individuals wishing to refer themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Studies have shown that CCTV
A)only reduced crime where people were aware they were being watched.
B)had no affect on crime.
C)reduced crime.
D)made citizens more aware of crime in their neighborhoods.
Q4) CPTED stands for __________________.
Q5) Police departments' inability to evaluate their own __________ is identified as an impediment that might hinder implementation of community oriented policing.
Q6) In the context of law enforcement a PSA is a __________________.
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Q7) List and briefly describe the types of special crime watches that have been used.
Chapter 10: Safe Neighborhoods and Communities: From Traffic Problems to Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most ATM robberies are committed by __________________ using a weapon.
Q2) Some of the unintended consequences of video surveillance are
A)displacement.
B)increased suspicion.
C)increased reported crime.
D)All of the above
Q3) An effective strategy to prevent witness intimidation usually requires __________.
Q4) A community may be concerned about street prostitution for a number of reasons,including
A)moral concerns.
B)civil rights concerns.
C)spillover effect concerns.
D)All of the above
Q5) The risk factor prevention paradigm seeks to Remember risk factors and prevention methods.
A)True
B)False
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Q6) The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)is located within the Department of ________________.
Chapter 11: Community Policing and Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Lead On America,explaining how it began,what its goal is,and what strategies it suggests using.
Q2) The theory that teaches that milder illicit drug use-such as marijuana-leads directly to experimentation with and addiction to hard drugs such as crack cocaine and heroin is called the
A)addiction theory.
B)NSDUH theory.
C)weed and seed theory.
D)gateway theory.
Q3) Social reform is part of the liberal crime control approach. A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the Safety First program,drug use is the same as drug abuse. A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe current attempts by the government to use legislation as a tool in the War on Substance Abuse.
Q6) The Safety First program stresses a reality-based approach to drug education. A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Bringing Youths Into Community Policing
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Q1) Dr.Olweus's program to prevent bullying is used only in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The willful or malicious damage to school grounds and buildings or furnishings and equipment is _____________________.
Q3) An SRO is a _________________.
Q4) Forman contends that community policing has not reached its full potential because a critical group has largely been left out of the new policing model.Who is this critical group?
A)Young adults
B)Youths
C)Both a and b
D)None of the above
Q5) A school break-in is defined as willful or malicious damage to school grounds and buildings or furnishings and equipment.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the problems that are associated with school vandalism and break-ins.
Q7) A/an _________________ threat tends to be vague,unclear,and ambiguous.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Challenge of Gangs: Controlling Their
Destructive Force
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Sample Questions
Q1) The computerized Gang Intelligence System includes all of the following features except:
A)Gang profile data
B)Gang monikers
C)Related criminal activity
D)Vehicle information
Q2) _______________ provide basic or remedial education,training,work incentives,and jobs for gang members.
Q3) In the 1950s and 1960s,law enforcement used _______________ toward gangs.
A)a social services approach
B)a suppression approach
C)the same approach they used throughout the 20th century
D)a clearly superior approach to that being used today
Q4) Female gang members
A)are decreasing in number nationwide.
B)are often drug dependent and physically abused.
C)generally hold positions of power within the gang.
D)comprise nearly 40% of gang membership.
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Q5) _______________ refers to a multiagency law enforcement team imposing all available sanctions.
Chapter 14: Understanding and Preventing Violence
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Q1) A law enforcement response to domestic violence that is controversial is a ________________ policy.
Q2) When forming partnerships to prevent domestic violence,the issue of ___________________ between male-dominated police organizations and female-dominated grassroots advocate groups must be addressed.
Q3) Child Access Prevention laws help reduce juvenile suicide.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the text,________________ handgun laws are a controversial issue.
Q5) Which of the following is not a risk faced by children in violent homes?
A)Being neglected
B)Lead poisoning
C)Observing traumatic events
D)Being abused themselves
Q6) ________________ is a law enforcement-led strategy whereby local police direct intensive patrols to specific geographic areas with high rates of gun-related incidents of violence.
Q7) Discuss and explain the issue of hate crimes.According to the text,how have law enforcement and the community responded?
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Chapter 15: Understanding and Preventing Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Justice Department has issued regulations that allow monitoring inmate-attorney communication if reasonable suspicion exists that the communication will further terrorist actions.This regulation may conflict with which Constitutional Amendment?
A)First
B)Fifth
C)Fourth
D)Sixth
Q2) A barrier to improved relations between police and Arab Americans found in a survey of policing Arab American communities was persistent mutual distrust.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Pew Research Center conducted a poll in 2011 that showed Muslim Americans were not concerned about Islamic extremism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the types of methods of launching attacks used by terrorists.Identify their most common and dangerous methods.
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Chapter 16: What Research Tells Us and a Look to the Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experiments in criminal justice raise what kind of issues?
A)Ethical and privacy issues
B)Crime rate and reduction
C)Ethical and cultural
D)Privacy and exploitation
Q2) When departments are involved in the creation of surveys,they are more likely to use the research.This is an example of
A)process research.
B)action research.
C)partner research.
D)practical research.
Q3) One of the best models for police-researcher alliance is an action research approach.This approach was first used by Lewin in what decade?
A)1970s
B)1960s
C)1950s
D)1940s
Q4) The effectiveness of community policing is often measured using ______________ for a given jurisdiction.
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