Criminal Justice Policy and Practice
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course examines the development, implementation, and impact of policies within the criminal justice system, encompassing law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Students will analyze the legal, political, and social factors that influence policy decisions, evaluate the effectiveness of various criminal justice interventions, and explore contemporary issues such as sentencing reforms, community policing, and restorative justice initiatives. Emphasis is placed on the interplay between empirical evidence, ethical considerations, and practical applications in shaping justice policies and practices aimed at reducing crime and promoting fairness in society.
Recommended Textbook
Justice Administration Police Courts and Corrections Management 8th Edition by Ken
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15 Chapters
1232 Verified Questions
1232 Flashcards
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Page 2
J. Peak
Chapter 1: The Study and Scope of Justice Administration
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______________ involve problem analysis,setting goals and objectives,program and policy design,developing an action plan,and monitoring and evaluation.
A) Planned changes
B) Planned outcomes
C) Planned alternatives
D) Planned contingencies
Answer: A
Q2) The terms administrator,manager and supervisor are synonymous; each means the exact same thing.They are interchangeable concepts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) ______________ exists among the components of the process,within the individual components,among political jurisdictions,and among persons.
Answer: fragmentation
Q4) According the due process model,police powers should be limited to prevent
Answer: oppression
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Chapter 2: Organization and Administration Principles and Practices
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54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unity of command is the principle holding that only one person should be in command or control of a situation or an employee.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Definitions of leadership include the following statement:
A) "The process of advancing the recognition of the group's leader(s)"
B) "Working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals"
C) "The activity of influencing individuals to adopt the leader's viewpoint"
D) "The exercise of complete control over the group"
Answer: B
Q3) The theory that contends that good leaders possessed certain character traits that poor leaders typically did not is the trait theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) List and describe the six elements of communication discussed in Chapter Two.
Answer: encoding,transmission,medium,reception,decoding,and feedback
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Chapter 3: Rights of Criminal Justice Employees
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)entitles eligible employees to take up to___ weeks of unpaid,job-protected leave in a____-month period for specified family and medical reasons.
Answer: 12; 12
Q2) Title _________ of the _________ _________ Act establishes a federal policy requiring fair employment practices in both the public and private sectors.
Answer: VII of the Civil Rights
Q3) A federal law establishing minimum wages and requiring overtime compensation in the private and public sector is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A)True B)False
Answer: False
Q4) A ___________ ___________ __________occurs when unwelcome comments or conduct based on sex,race,or other legally protected characteristics unreasonably interferes with an employee's work performance or creates an offensive work environment.
Answer: hostile work environment
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5
Chapter 4: Police Organization and Operation
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Procedures are:
A) specific managerial guidelines that leave little or no latitude for individual discretion.
B) are general suggestions open to interpretation.
C) sspecific guidelines that serve to direct employee actions.
D) written guidelines that are general in nature.
E) None of the above.
Q2) The Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving model (COPPS)advocates believe that the quasi-military model is basically compatible with this philosophy and recommend its continued use.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the advantages to specialization in large police departments is that possessing a high degree of proficiency in performing job tasks often results in increased ___________ and _______________.
Q4) _____________ ___________ refers to the proportion of organizational resources committed to administration.
Q5) ___________ ___________is the extent to which an organization is spread geographically.
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Chapter 5: Police Personnel Roles and Functions
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The assessment center method might include all but which of the following?
A) Psychological tests
B) Management tasks
C) Physical strength and agility tests
D) Role-playing exercises
Q2) ____________ or _____________treatment is often expected of new sergeants by their former peers.
Q3) Machiavelli's views of leadership nearly 500 years ago can be very instructive for today's police chief executives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Dennis Nowicki,an essential quality for an entry-level officer that could help them best cope with the regular exposure to human pain and suffering.
A) Being well-adjusted
B) Being incorruptible
C) Having creativity
D) Having a sense of humor
E) None of the above
Q5) Traditionally,the job tenure of police chiefs has been __________.
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Chapter 6: Police Issues and Practices
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unfocused,random recruiting is unlikely to attract diversity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fusion centers have been formed by a number of cities and counties in partnership with the ____ as early-warning groups for terrorism.
A) FBI
B) CIA
C) NIJ
D) FBP
Q3) Knowledge such as Super Bowl Sunday being the slowest crime day of the year is an example of using predictive policing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is meant by intelligence-led policing,predictive policing,and fusion centers?
Q5) Historically,women have been screened out disproportionately in the pre-employment physical testing used by many agencies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Court Organization and Operation
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The great majority of the nation's judicial business occurs at the______,not the federal level.
Q2) It has been estimated that court unification in New York would result in an annual estimated net savings of $131.4 million over a 5-year period.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A governmental body observed that,"No state in the nation has a more complex court system structure than New York's."
A)True
B)False
Q4) The focus of state court reform typically concerns:
A) the issue of state court organization and unification.
B) the establishment of a death penalty appeals court.
C) adding many more judges than the number currently existing.
D) None of the above
Q5) The Supreme Court uses the rule of six to decide whether or not to grant certiorari.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Court Personnel Roles and Functions
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today's court administrators perform all but which of the following duties?
A) Training for staff
B) Polling the jury
C) Preparation of court budgets
D) Managing equipment
Q2) What criteria may be employed by judges to evaluate the effectiveness of their administrators?
Q3) How have court clerks traditionally assumed and performed the role of court administrator?
Q4) The day-to-day and long-range activities of those persons who are responsible for the activities and functions of a court are referred to as ______________ or __________ administration.
Q5) It is said that many judges' inability to relax socially gives them the feeling they are "entering a monastery."
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the conventional wisdom concerning whether or not judges can and should use social networking sites for their personal and professional purposes?
Q7) What is meant by "good judging?"
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Chapter 9: Court Issues and Practices
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199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today there are over one million people in U.S.prisons and jails.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The U.S.Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Roberts is believed to not have a media-friendly attitude.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Name and describe at least four of the major U.S.Supreme Court decisions affording rights to prisoners.
Q4) The administration of _________is frequently one of the major tasks of county sheriffs.
Q5) ___________ is considerably less formal and more "friendly" than __________.
A) Mediation / arbitration
B) Arbitration / mediation
C) A jury room / ADR
D) Suing / resolving
Q6) Two major areas of the administrative division of a corrections central office are ________ development/auditing and new prison_______________.
Q7) The first veterans' court opened in____________,_____ _____ in 2008.
Page 11
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Chapter 11: Corrections Personnel Roles and Functions
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88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the major responsibilities of prison administrators is to carry out the death penalty.All of the following are activities associated with these duties,except:
A) overseeing the execution team that is with the prisoner at all times.
B) reading the court order or death warrant.
C) preparing the final paperwork.
D) None of the above
E) All of the above
Q2) A key element of good prison leadership is:
A) authority.
B) the inmates.
C) training.
D) professional staff members.
Q3) The most difficult position to hold in all of corrections is probably that of: A) corrections officer.
B) warden.
C) director of state penal system.
D) parole officer.
Q4) Worley et al.,found three types of "__________," offenders identified as developing inappropriate relationships with staff members.
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Chapter 12: Corrections Issues and Practices
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true concerning electronic monitoring (EM)?
A) EM has met with no controversy thus far.
B) The use of EM is accelerating rapidly.
C) EM can cost between $5-$12 per day.
D) Survey respondents indicated that they preferred EM to incarceration.
Q2) Which of the following is not true concerning the Wolff and Shi study of prison assaults?
A) Physical assaults were most likely to occur between noon and midnight.
B) Sexual assaults were most likely to occur in the inmate's own cell.
C) Roughly half of the incidents involved the use of a weapon.
D) The victims typically knew the motive for their being attacked, and retaliated instantly.
Q3) "Three-strikes" laws refer to:
A) murders.
B) rapists.
C) repeat offenders.
D) gangs.
Q4) What were the Supreme Court's decisions regarding juveniles committing capital crimes and juveniles committing crimes that could result in a life without parole sentence?
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Chapter 13: Ethical Considerations
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77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Noble cause behaviors often involve arrogance on the part of the police and ignore the basic constitutional guidelines their occupation demands in that the ends justify the means.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In what ways can judges,defense attorneys,and prosecutors engage in unethical behaviors?
Q3) Compare the characteristics of absolute ethics and relative ethics.What are the applications of each in the criminal justice system? Give examples to illustrate the applications.
Q4) Miller v.Pate was an example of misconduct by:
A) a judge.
B) the defense.
C) the prosecutor.
D) the police.
Q5) Illinois v.Perkins held that police undercover agents are not required to administer the Miranda warning to incarcerated inmates when investigating crimes. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Special Challenges Labor Relations, liability, and Discipline
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As depicted in a figure contained in the chapter,a police agency's chief executive officer-police chief or sheriff-should always sit at the bargaining table,representing/fighting for management.
A)True
B)False
Q2) While Section 1983 provides for actions against criminal justice employees,Title 18,U.S.C.Section 242 provides for actions.
A) criminal / civil
B) civil / criminal
C) felony / misdemeanor
D) tort / negligence
Q3) Police officers are afforded special privileges and immunities even in the routine operation of their patrol vehicles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Each state is free to decide whether and which public sector employees will have _________ ____________ rights and under what terms.
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Chapter 15: Financial Administration
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By 2010,______states had made reductions to their corrections budgets.
Q2) Financial administration is removed from politics,particularly after a budget request is approved.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the definition of a budget and its uses.
Q4) Identify the potential pitfalls in budgeting issues that criminal justice administrators must address.
Q5) Given recent budget cuts,more and more prisoners are given longer sentencing terms and prison populations explode.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which of the following is not a strong feature of line-item budgets?
A) Ease of control
B) Ease of comprehension
C) Ease of development
D) Ease of modifying the status quo
Q7) Discuss what is involved in each of the four steps of a budgeting cycle.
Q8) Describe the line-item budget format and its strengths and weaknesses.
Q9) _________________ budgeting is the most commonly used budget format. Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Technologies and Tools: in an Era of Big Data and the Cloud
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electronic filing with digital documents can go directly to the clerk's electronic filing manager system,bypassing the need to _________them.
Q2) With real-time reporting,during the trial,judges and attorneys can do all but which of the following?
A) Review and mark portions of testimony on their computers without interrupting the trial
B) Perform searches for specific words, phrases, roots of words, and other more complicated information instantaneously
C) Quietly poll the jury to confirm that they understand complex legal concepts
D) Review and mark portions of testimony on their computers without interrupting the trial, and perform searches for specific words, phrases, roots of words, and other more complicated information instantaneously
Q3) Robots are now fitted with odor sensors; video capability,including night vision; and a camera (also useful for photographing crime scenes).
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does the field of robotics promise for the police?
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