Criminal Justice in Canada Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of the Canadian criminal justice system, examining its structure, processes, and key institutions. Students will explore the roles and interrelationships of police, courts, and corrections, as well as the legal and social frameworks that shape the administration of justice in Canada. The course also addresses issues such as the rights of the accused, the experiences of victims, Indigenous perspectives on justice, and contemporary challenges including crime prevention, rehabilitation, and systemic inequalities within the justice system. Through case studies and critical analysis, students will develop an understanding of how laws are enforced and justice is delivered in Canadian society.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Criminology Today Theories and Applications 5th Canadian by Frank Schmalleger
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12 Chapters
685 Verified Questions
685 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Criminology?
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Crime prevention programs and government sponsored safe injection sites are examples of social policy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A(n) ________ refers to an experiment that attempts to hold conditions (other than the intentionally introduced experimental intervention) constant.
A) External validity
B) Internal validity
C) Controlled experiment
D) Research design
E) Pure research design
Answer: C
Q3) A criminalist is a specialist in the collection and examination of the physical evidence of crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Crime Statistics
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Correlates of crime are those variables observed to be related to criminal activity such as age, sex and gender, ethnicity, and social class.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Although the gathering of crime statistics is a relatively new phenomenon, population statistics have been collected periodically since pre-Roman times.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to Public Safety Canada statistics (2011), the racial group least represented as a percentage of the federal offender population is _______________.
A) Caucasian
B) Aboriginal
C) Asian
D) Hispanic
E) Black
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Patterns of Crime
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Typically, crimes are organized into categories, or ____________.
A) classifications of crime
B) typologies of crime
C) subtexts of crime
D) textures of crime
E) layers of crime
Answer: B
Q2) Crimes against the public order are seen by many as examples of conflict crimes.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Offences involving motor vehicles fall exclusively within provincial jurisdiction.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q4) Murder is primarily a stranger on stranger crime.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Victimology: The Study of the Victim
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The responsibility for requesting restitution lies solely with the victim.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ refers to problems which follow from initial victimization.
A) Victim-proneness
B) Post-crime victimization
C) Penal couple
D) Victimogenesis
E) Victimology
Q3) ________ programs involve the government repaying victims for their financial losses or physical injuries.
A) Victim compensation
B) Victim restitution
C) Victim fine surcharge
D) Victim impact
E) Victim-witness assistance
Q4) Every province in Canada has a criminal injuries compensation program.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Classical and Neoclassical Thought
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rational choice theories have been criticized for failing to consider the role of social factors in the causation of crime.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jean-Jacques Rousseau suggested that man-made law changes over time.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the Classical School of criminological thought, certain key rights of individuals are inherent in the nature of things, and governments should contravene those rights in order to protect the sanctity and validity of the government's right to take away the rights of all individuals and any given point in time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Cesare Beccaria, punishment should be used to prevent offenders from committing additional crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the difference between a mala in se offence and a mala prohibita offence ?
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Chapter 6: Biological Roots of Criminal Behaviour
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although ________ recognize social factors in the development of personality, they suggest that constitutional factors predispose a person to specific types of behaviour and that societal reactions to such predispositions may determine, to a large degree, the form of continued behaviour.
A) Cesare Lombroso and Ernst Kretschmer
B) James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein
C) James Q. Wilson and Johann Gasper Spurzheim
D) Konrad Lorenz and William Sheldon
E) Charles Darwin and Konrad Lorenz
Q2) Low brain levels of serotonin have been linked to impulsive crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Atavism refers to the belief that criminals are physiological throwbacks to earlier stages of human evolution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Positivism is based upon an acceptance of free will.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the two central principles upon which positivism is built?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Psychological and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behaviour
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behavioural conditioning is based on the work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Individuals manifesting characteristics of ASPD are __________________________.
A) not likely to ever meet the criteria for antisocial personality disorder
B) likely to remain in prison indefinitely
C) not likely to offend
D) likely to be successful in treatment programs
E) likely to run afoul of the law
Q3) Briefly distinguish between the concepts of id, ego, and superego.
Q4) Briefly elaborate upon the use of and advantage of psychological profiling.
Q5) According to Freud's psychoanalytic perspective of crime, a person might never commit a crime because he or she has a poorly developed sublimation process.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Armin Meiwes used the internet to lure victims into his cannibalistic rituals.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: The Meaning of Crime: Social Structure Perspective
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) CPTED is the acronym for Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. A)True
B)False
Q2) The work of Park and Burgess viewed cities in terms of concentric zones, which were envisioned much like the circles on a target.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the social structure theories, intervention strategies should focus on modifying formal or informal group processes and increasing the availability of legitimate opportunity structures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The broken window thesis is a perspective on crime that holds that physical deterioration in an area leads to increased concerns for personal safety among area residents and to higher crime rates in that area.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The Meaning of Crime: Social Process Perspective
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the social process perspective, an offender who has acquired criminality, established deviant self-concepts, and participates in criminal behaviour, will likely continue to commit crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A social bond is the link, created through socialization, between individuals and the society of which they are a part.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When an offender justifies the harm done to a victim by indicating the victim deserved the victimization, the offender is using the neutralization technique referred to as "denial of injury."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Secondary deviance is deviant behaviour that results from official labelling and from association with others who have been so labelled.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Meaning of Crime: Social Conflict Perspective
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Feminism views gender in terms of power relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The restorative-justice approach views crime as a harm done to the victim and the community rather than a harm done to the state.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ______________ involve(s) participation by the judge, victim, offender, family or supporters, elders, and other justice and community representatives.
A) Instrumental Marxism panels
B) Sentencing circles
C) Community policing
D) Power-control circles
E) Left-realism participation circles
Q4) Left realists believe that the criminal justice system could offer useful services if modifications are made.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Criminology and Social Policy
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Keeping potential intruders under observation is known as _________________ in CPTED speak.
A) Territorial reinforcement
B) Natural access control
C) Natural surveillance
D) Physical environment control
E) City design specifications
Q2) By addressing social problems and the need for improvements in the social infrastructure, the social problems perspective takes a ________ approach to the reality of crime.
A) reactive
B) nurturant
C) protection/avoidance
D) proactive
E) deterrent
Q3) In Canada, many crime-prevention initiatives emphasize a nuturant strategy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly elaborate on the crime prevention strategy referred to as the "protection/avoidance strategy."
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Chapter 12: Future Directions and Emerging Trends
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52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the findings of Foresight's Crime Prevention Panel, technology offers individuals new opportunities to commit crimes that may be virtually unsolvable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In response to the increasing risk of cybercrimes, all Canadian police services have implemented a specialized unit which is responsible for the definition, policies, procedures, and investigation of cybercrimes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "Software piracy" refers to the unauthorized and illegal copying of software programs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) On a global scale, there appears to be a shared agreement that society is experiencing a period of unprecedented change in both substance and pace.
A)True
B)False
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