Criminal Justice
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Criminal Justice is an interdisciplinary course that explores the structures, functions, and processes of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Students will examine the foundations of criminal law, the rights of the accused, the roles of various justice professionals, and current issues facing the system such as juvenile justice, rehabilitation, and social justice. The course also analyzes the impact of crime on society and considers various approaches to crime prevention and community relations, providing a comprehensive understanding of how justice is administered in contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Evidence 8th Edition by Judy Hails
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be of the most help to an attorney assigned to prosecute the case who wants to read cases that apply to bank robbery:
A)Legal newspapers
B)Treatises
C)Legal digests
D)Case reporters
Answer: D
Q2) In a jury trial, the "trier of the facts":
A)evaluates the evidence.
B)decides whether a witness is qualified to testify.
C)determines which laws should be applied to the evidence.
D)all of these
Answer: A
Q3) If the case is filed as a federal crime, who will prosecute the case
A)U.S.Attorney
B)District Attorney for Borough of Manhattan
C)Attorney General for State of New York
D)U.S.Attorney General
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Role of the Courts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Should she file a Civil Rights Act case
A)No, a judge in a Civil Rights Act case cannot order anyone released from prison.
B)No, Civil Rights Acts cases can only be filed after a conviction has been reversed by an appellate court.
C)Yes, if she establish that her constitutional right were violated the federal judge in the Civil Rights Act cases will mandate that her conviction be reversed.
D)Yes, if she files a Civil Rights Act case in federal court she will be released on bail pending the outcome of the Civil Rights Act case.
Answer: A
Q2) The largest portion of the workload of the trial courts is related to:
A)processing warrants.
B)pre-trial events.
C)trials.
D)sentencing.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: The Adjudication Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can be used to impeach a witness during trial
A)prior inconsistent statements made by the witness
B)showing witness is prejudiced
C)proof of witness's prior felony conviction
D)all of these
Answer: D
Q2) The speech the defense attorney makes after the prosecution's closing argument is called the rebuttal.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) A judge cannot accept a plea bargain after the jury is sworn in.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q4) The defense is required to establish the defendant's innocence.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Types of Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define relevant evidence. When is relevant evidence admissible in court When is relevant evidence NOT admissible in court
Q2) Which item would be considered real evidence
A)Mike's testimony that he saw the theft occur.
B)The ring that Ricky tried to pawn.
C)Patty's testimony that Ricky gave her an engagement ring.
D)Nate's testimony that the ring was not in the display case after Ricky left the store.
Q3) Whose testimony is most likely to be ruled immaterial
A)Larry, because he has had no contact with Mary when the events at issue occurred.
B)Kathy because she is a minor.
C)Julie because she did not see anyone hit the children.
D)Henry because he is probably biased in favor of his girlfriend.
Q4) Relevant evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of misleading the jury.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The defendant's offer to plead guilty is not admissible at trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fact that the defendant received $100,000 from a life insurance policy due to the death of the murder victim is:
A)admissible to show motive for the defendant to kill the victim.
B)admissible only if there is physical evidence connecting the defendant to the murder.
C)admissible only if the prosecution can show that the defendant paid for the life insurance policy.
D)inadmissible because it would be unduly prejudicial.
Q3) In which of the following situations would the prosecution be allowed to introduce evidence about the defendant's motive
A)any case that goes to trial without a jury
B)for felonies but not misdemeanors
C)in specific intent crimes
D)evidence of motive is admissible in all of these situations
Q4) Explain the rules about introducing circumstantial evidence of guilt.Give three examples of evidence that can be used for this purpose.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Witnesses
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Q1) In order to be allowed to testify as an expert witness, the person must:
A)have knowledge of the subject based on education and/or experience.
B)have a graduate degree in the subject.
C)have worked in the field for at least 5 years.
D)all of these are required
Q2) A person testifying as a ballistic expert can testify that:
A)pattern of lands and groves indicates the bullet was fired from the defendant's gun. B)tests indicate the defendant fired the bullet that killed the victim.
C)the ownership of the gun that was tested.
D)a ballistic expert would be allowed to testify to all of these
Q3) Expert witnesses may only testify about tests that they personally conducted.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Who is competent to be a witness at trial How is the competency of a witness established at trial Give 2 examples.
Q5) A lay witness is only allowed to testify about events he/she personally observed with the five senses.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Crime Scene Evidence and Experiments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence that has been discolored or otherwise changed by laboratory tests is not admissible at trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of firearm does not leave striations on projectiles
A)Shotguns
B)Rifles
C)Machine guns
D)None of the above leave striations
Q3) Which of the following is NOT part of the foundation for the introduction of scientific evidence
A) Was the item tested, collected and stored properly
B) Is this a valid scientific test
C) Was accurate equipment used for this test
D) Was the test performed in an appropriate manner by a qualified person
Q4) A ballistics expert is used exclusively to determine if a bullet was fired from a particular gun.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the importance of scientific evidence in criminal trials.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Documentary Evidence, Models, Maps, and Diagrams
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Penal Code officially published by your state, but not those printed by private publishers, is self-authenticating.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fact that ink manufacturers include unique, nontoxic chemical markers in their ink each year makes it possible to determine:
A)when a document was signed.
B)when a the pen used to sign the document was made.
C)when the ink on a document was produced.
D)all of these
Q3) Stock market reports in the New York Times are not admissible to show the value of stock unless they are authenticated by employees of the New York Stock Exchange.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the terms primary evidence and secondary evidence as they relate to introducing documents at trial.Give an example of each.
Q5) Explain how the Business Records Exception to the Hearsay Rule..
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Chapter 9: Hearsay and Its Exceptions
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Q1) Testimony about reputation is not admissible at trial because it is double hearsay.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Statements are admissible under the Mental and Physical State Exception to the Hearsay Rule only if they describe a condition that existed at the time the statement was made.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Silence when a police officer is accusing a person of committing a crime is not considered an adoptive admission.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Can Mary's statement be used at Ned's trial for the prior bank robberies
A)Yes, the statement was made when Mary believed that death was imminent.
B)Yes, if Ned told her that he committed the robberies.
C)No, there is no corroboration for the statement.
D)No, the statement does not relate to the cause of Mary's death.
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11
Chapter 10: Privileged Communications
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clergy-penitent privilege currently applies:
A)only to statements made in the confessional.
B)to all private conversations between the clergy and members of their congregation.
C)to confidential communications for the religious guidance in compliance with the denomination's doctrines.
D)only to the confidential conversation between a member of the clergy and members of his/her congregation.
Q2) Which of the following is an exception to the privilege not to testify against a spouse
A)spouse abuse
B)abuse of the spouse's children
C)failure to pay child support
D)all of these are exceptions
Q3) An attorney who has had a privileged conversation with a client can be compelled to disclose:
A)names and dates of consultations
B)reason for the consultation
C)copy of retainer agreement
D)all of these
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Chapter 11: Developing Law of Search and Seizure
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Q1) If Brian's attorney successfully establishes that Judge Crawford did not fill out the warrant properly, which exception to the Exclusionary Rule is the prosecutor most likely to argue applies
A)Good Faith Exception to the Exclusionary Rule
B)Public Safety Exception to the Exclusionary Rule
C)Inevitable Discovery Exception to the Exclusionary Rule
D)Independent Source Exception to the Exclusionary Rule
Q2) The police do NOT need a warrant to enter a house:
A)in emergency situations to render medical aid to people in the house.
B)when investigating a crime that occurred in the house.
C)when arresting a person who lives in the house.
D)a warrant is not needed in any of these situations.
Q3) A search warrant is not valid if the facts used to establish probable cause were stale.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A search warrant for a house gives the police authority to search all closets and cabinets in the house.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Field Interviews, Arrests, and Jail Searches
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Q1) Was the seizure of the magazine containing child pornography a valid booking search
A)Yes, Officer Randall is allowed to search everything that a person has in his or her possession at the time of booking.
B)Yes, Officer Randall is required to make an itemized inventory everything that is taken from a person at the time of booking.
C)No, Officer Randall is not allowed to search the backpack because the search should have been done by Officer Oliver at the time Pat was arrested.
D)No, Officer Randall had the authority to take the backpack and place it in the inmate property room but he did not have the right to search it.
Q2) A police officer may conduct a thorough search of a car if a person in the car has been detained and there is reasonable suspicion that there are weapons in the car.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A detention based on Terry v.Ohio may never last more than 20 minutes.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Plain View, Consent, Vehicles, and Administrative Searches
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Supreme Court has approved administrative warrants to be used for searches for:
A)violation of the building code
B)violations of sanitation codes
C)search for undocumented workers in factories
D)all of these have been approved
Q2) Will the counterfeit $20 found under the driver's seat be admissible as part of a search incident to arrest
A)Yes, an officer is allowed to search the passenger compartment whenever the driver of the car is arrested.
B)Yes, the $20 bills were counterfeit and illegal to possess under all circumstances.
C)No, Zach could not have reached into the car at the time Officer Williams searched it and they were unrelated to the weapons charge.
D)No, the $20 bills were not evidence that Zach was driving under the influence of alcohol.
Q3) Explain the rules on obtaining administrative warrants.Distinguish this process from the one used to obtain the search warrant specifically mentioned in the Fourth Amendment.
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Chapter 14: Usa Patriot Act, Foreign Intelligence, and Other Electronic Surveillance
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Q1) Did Ned have the right to take a picture of Officer Morris
A)Yes, the Misplaced Reliance Doctrine gives the public the right to take pictures of what police do in public places.
B) Yes, cell phones with cameras are widely used so Officer Morris is assumed to know that Ned has one.
C)No, the public is not allowed to take pictures of officers involved in undercover operations because it will endanger the officer.
D)No, permission is always required before a member of the public can photograph a police officer.
Q2) If federal agents want to extend the length of time they can operate a wiretap authorized under the Wiretap Act of 1968, all they need to do is submit an affidavit stating that valuable information has been obtained by using the wiretap.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Wiretap Act of 1968 was repealed by the USA PATRIOT Act.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Self-Incrimination
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Q1) Statements obtained from the defendant in violation of Miranda can be used for impeachment as long as the statements were made voluntarily.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Will Eric's admission that he smoked three joints be admissible
A)Yes, Officer Davis was not required to give Miranda warnings before booking Eric.
B)Yes, Eric initiated the conversation.
C)No, Officer Davis was using indirect questions to obtain information after Eric was in custody.
D)No, all statements made after arrest are inadmissible unless the person has signed a Miranda waiver form.
Q3) If Miranda warnings are given correctly and the suspect does not invoke his/her rights, officers may conduct more than one interrogation session without giving Miranda warnings again.
A)True
B)False
Q4) State the Miranda warnings and explain the standard for a waiver.
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Chapter 16: Identification Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who attended a lineup that was conducted in an unconstitutional manner may not testify at trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a lineup is held in a jail viewing room, the lighting should be:
A)At a normal daytime brightness
B)At a level similar to what the lighting was at the crime scene
C)Low so the viewers can see the suspects but the suspects cannot see the individuals viewing the lineup
D)At a level that is comfortable for the viewer
Q3) What can police ask participants to do at a lineup without violating their Fifth Amendment rights
A)Pose in a position similar to the way the suspect stood during the crime
B)Say what the robber said while committing the crime
C)Put on a jacket that was found at the crime scene
D)All of these can be done without violating the Fifth Amendment
Q4) Probable cause is required in order to conduct a photographic lineup.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Preparing the Case for Court
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Q1) Failing to tell the prosecutor about tests performed on the murder weapon that came out negative:
A)will cause a problem because the prosecutor will think the case is stronger than it really is.
B)will cause a problem because the prosecutor will fail to disclose information during discovery that the defendant has a constitutional right to know.
C)may give the defense an edge during cross-examination.
D)All of these problems may result
Q2) Keeping track of witnesses before the trial date is the responsibility of the prosecutor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss what is appropriate dress and demeanor for officers who go to court to testify about cases they investigated.
Q4) Who is usually responsible for preserving the physical evidence until trial
A)Police
B)Prosecution
C)Courts
D)Independent firm
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