Criminal Justice Ethics Exam Review
Course Introduction
Criminal Justice Ethics explores the fundamental ethical principles and moral dilemmas faced by professionals within the criminal justice system, including law enforcement officers, judges, correctional staff, and attorneys. The course examines key theories of morality and justice, ethical decision-making frameworks, and the impact of personal values and societal expectations on professional conduct. Through case studies and critical analysis, students gain an understanding of issues such as the use of force, discretion, corruption, racial and gender biases, and the responsibilities of upholding individual rights while ensuring community safety and justice.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Procedure for the Criminal Justice Professional 12th Edition by John N. Ferdico
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15 Chapters
900 Verified Questions
900 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1338
Page 2
Chapter 1: Individual Rights Under the United States
Constitution
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26682
Sample Questions
Q1) The _____________________ approach held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applies rights to state proceedings by considering each right on its own to determine whether the right is fundamental or not.
Answer: selective incorporation
Q2) Judicial decisions have made it clear that "speech" goes beyond oral communication, including both artistic expression and _____.
A) violence when warranted
B) symbolic speech
C) unrestrained activity
D) freedom of movement
Answer: B
Q3) According to the _____________________ doctrine, double jeopardy does not arise when federal and state courts both have jurisdiction to prosecute.
Answer: dual sovereignty
Q4) Law made by judicial interpretation of statutes and regulations is called _____________________ law.
Answer: common
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Chapter 2: Criminal Courts, Pretrial Processes, and the
Exclusionary
Rule
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The defendant's plea is requested at the _____.
A) indictment
B) preliminary hearing
C) initial appearance
D) arraignment
Answer: D
Q2) Which term best defines the particular county or geographical area in which a court with jurisdiction may hear and determine a case?
A) first notice
B) venue
C) arraignment
D) geographic subdivisions
Answer: B
Q3) What rule of law requires exclusion of tainted evidence even if it is relevant?
A) the exclusionary rule
B) good faith exception
C) attenuation doctrine
D) probable cause
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Basic Underlying Concepts: Property, Privacy,
Probable Cause, and Reasonableness
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26684
Sample Questions
Q1) Probable cause to search means that there is a __________ probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.
Answer: fair
Q2) Reasons the U.S. Supreme Court put into effect the totality of the circumstances test for assessing informant information based on the Illinois v. Gates (1983) decision include
A) the Aguilar-Spinelli criteria were so flexible as to be nonsensical
B) the fluidity of the concept of probable cause
C) Aguilar-Spinelli made it too easy to obtain a search warrant
D) the need decision factors that could be used is all cases
Answer: B
Q3) When an officer's experience and expertise is relevant to the probable cause determination, the officer must be able to explain sufficiently the basis of that opinion so that it "can be understood by the average reasonably prudent person."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Criminal Investigatory Search Warrants
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What rule of law developed from the Segura case? What potential impact do you see for police officers? Explain your reasoning.
Q2) Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971) found that a _____ is not a neutral and detached judicial officer.
A) justice of the peace
B) clerk of the court
C) state attorney general
D) magistrate
Q3) A police officer requests and is granted a search warrant for a particular residence. The search warrant specifies that the search is not to be commenced until after a UPS delivery truck appears at the residence on a particular date to drop off a package. This is a(n):
A) administrative search warrant
B) anticipatory search warrant
C) conditional search warrant
D) general search warrant
Q4) To avoid the severity of total repression of evidence when a small mistake is made in a search warrant, the courts have adopted partial suppression, better known as ___________ or severability.
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Chapter 5: Searches for Electronically Stored Information
and Electronic Surveillance
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26686
Sample Questions
Q1) A _____ wiretap allows for interception of a particular suspect's communications wherever they are made, dispensing with the normal requirement that interceptions be limited to a fixed location.
A) geographical
B) roving
C) non-specific
D) roaming
Q2) Computer __________ uses the scientific methods for the preservation, collection, and analysis of digital sources of information.
Q3) Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is often referred to as the _____.
A) Digital Act
B) Wiretap Act
C) Electronics Act
D) Surveillance Act
Q4) The case of Dalia v. United States ruled that a judicial order to place an eavesdropping device by law enforcement in a business or residence need not have a separate order specifically authorizing the __________ entry to install the device.
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Chapter 6: Administrative and Special Needs Searches
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the rights of a college student differ, with respect to the Fourth Amendment, depending upon whether the student is enrolled at a public or private university.
Q2) A(n) _____ is a routine inspection of a home or business by governmental authorities responsible for determining compliance with various statutes and regulations.
A) regulatory search
B) administrative search
C) Barlow search
D) probable cause search
Q3) Define what is meant by a special needs search. Provide a minimum of two examples.
Q4) Explain the differences between a criminal search and an administrative search.
Q5) In City of Indianapolis v. Edmond (2000), the Supreme Court invalidated a program in which a warrantless highway checkpoint had been established to discover and interdict __________.
Q6) Once an administrative search focuses on gathering evidence for a(n) __________, a search warrant must be obtained or the search must satisfy an exception to the warrant requirement.
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Q7) Warrantless searches are allowed for certain licensed and __________ industries.
Chapter 7: Arrests, Searches Incident to Arrest, and Protective Sweeps
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following circumstance, may a private citizen arrest a person for misdemeanors?
A) if the citizen has probable cause to believe the person committed the misdemeanor.
B) if the citizen observed the person commit the offense.
C) if the citizen observed the person commit the offense and it was a breach of the peace.
D) only if directed by a police officer.
Q2) Modern definitions of the crime of resisting arrest usually requires which of the following?
A) shooting, striking, pushing, or some other form of active opposition.
B) only lack of cooperation by the suspect.
C) a substantial risk to the safety of someone other than the arresting officer.
D) testimony of at least one non law enforcement witness.
Q3) Which of the following is not generally impacted by an illegal arrest?
A) direct evidence
B) a confession
C) jurisdiction to try a person for a crime
D) physical/real evidence
Q4) A search incident to arrest is authorized by __________.
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Chapter 8: Stops and Frisks
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the importance of the concept of "flight" - both in terms of establishing reasonable suspicion and in the context of making a determination about whether a person has been seized or not.
Q2) A body of international law collectively referred to as the ______________ has developed over the centuries to set rules for the treatment of prisoners of war captured on the battlefield in war time.
Q3) Before conducting a frisk, an officer must believe which of the following to be true?
A) he is dealing with an armed and dangerous individual
B) he must visibly see a weapon present
C) he must possess probable cause to proceed on with the search
D) he believes the suspect is guilty of traffic violations
Q4) The police may conduct a checkpoint for general law enforcement purposes. A)True B)False
Q5) The term _____________ is a designation given to individuals who were captured by the United States on suspicion of being involved in terrorist activities by being a part of or supporting Taliban or al Qaeda forces, or associated forces that are engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Consent Searches
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If police state that they will obtain a warrant if consent is withheld and they know they have insufficient grounds to obtain the warrant, the consent will be considered
Q2) Courts use the __________ test to determine voluntariness.
Q3) Officers knock on a door of an apartment being rented by a male suspect. A female opens the door and the officers ask her if the suspect is home. She says "Not right now," but the officers don't believe her and want permission to enter and look for themselves. They have no warrant or other justification. What should the officer's do first?
A) ask her if she will consent to their search.
B) ask her if she lives there.
C) ask her to step out of the apartment, since there might be trouble.
D) ask her when he will return, since she can't give permission.
Q4) When is consent will generally be held to be involuntary?
A) the consenter is the subject of an investigative stop.
B) the consenter is under arrest.
C) the consenter is the subject of an illegal arrest.
D) the consenter is the subject of a full search.
Q5) Explain the limitations on consent to search that pertain to the expressed object of the search.
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Chapter 10: The Plain View Doctrine and Special Needs Searches
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26691
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the distinction between a plain view observation and a search.
Q2) During a search, an officer observes, in plain view, an item not covered in the warrant. The officer believes the item to be evidence in a separate crime other than the offense currently being investigated by police. In order to seize the item, the officer must have _____ to believe the item is contraband or evidence of a crime.
A) reasonable suspicion
B) absolute certainty
C) clear and convincing evidence
D) probable cause
Q3) Name three mechanical aids or electrical devices that courts have ruled on for plain view searches and what, if any, limitations are placed on those devices.
Q4) If the police lack ________ that an object in plain view is contraband without conducting some further search of the object, the plain view doctrine cannot justify its seizure.
Q5) Law enforcement officers who are lawfully on a premise in _______ of a fleeing suspect may seize items of evidence observed open to their view.
Q6) Briefly describe the plain view doctrine.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Search and Seizure of Vehicles and Containers
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For an inventory to be constitutional, the full search of the vehicle must be limited to areas of the vehicle that can contain evidence of the crime for which the suspect was arrested.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Drug Enforcement Agency agents heard uncorroborated information that a Dodge mini-motor home that has been seen throughout town but is currently parked behind a shopping center, was being used by a person exchanging marijuana for sex. They watched Charles, who they know to live in a nearby apartment, accompanied by a juvenile, enter the motor home and then close the shades on all the windows. More than an hour later the juvenile left and the agents stopped and questioned him. The juvenile confirmed that he received marijuana for sex. Agents returned and knocked on the door. Charles came out. How are the courts most likely to view the search of the motor home by the agents at this time?
A) invalid without a warrant
B) invalid without the permission of Charles or a warrant
C) valid because of the consent of the youth
D) valid because the vehicle was mobile and not used as a residence
Q3) A valid inventory search requires neither __________ nor a(n) __________.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Open Fields and Abandoned Property
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Curtilage typically includes _____.
A) the fenced area immediately surrounding a house
B) the area enclosed by a fence even if it is not near the house
C) the fenced area around a house and the immediately adjacent posted fields
D) the fenced area around a house and anywhere from which the house can be seen
Q2) Which of the following is not a factor to be considered when determining curtilage?
A) the proximity of the area claimed to be curtilage to the home
B) the history of having allowed visitors to the residence to have access to the area
C) the nature of the uses to which the area is put
D) the steps taken by the resident to protect the area from observation by passers by
Q3) The __________ case described the factors to determine whether property falls within a house's curtilage and hence is protected by the Fourth Amendment.
Q4) Briefly describe the landmark case of Hester v. United States, 1924, concerning the concepts of open fields and abandoned property.
Q5) The term __________ may include any unoccupied or undeveloped area outside of the curtilage.
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Chapter 13: Interrogations, Admissions, and Confessions
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly explain the right to counsel clause of the Sixth Amendment.
Q2) What is the Miranda Warning?
Q3) To have a valid waiver of a person's Miranda rights, the waiver must _____.
A) be voluntarily made and must be made in front of a non -law enforcement officer witness
B) be voluntarily made and must be made with full awareness of the consequences of the waiver
C) be acknowledged by a judge and must be made with full awareness of the consequences of the waiver
D) only be voluntarily made.
Q4) Name two of the unexpected benefits of the Miranda decision that were not foreseen at the time.
Q5) Sometimes, suspects specifically invoke their Miranda rights in a narrow way, while acting in a manner that suggests they impliedly waive their Miranda rights with regard to other aspects of a case. These are referred to as __________ or __________ waivers.
Q6) The term __________ means an interrogation of a suspect cut off from the rest of the world in a police-dominated atmosphere. It often results in self-incriminating statements being made without full warnings of constitutional rights.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Pretrial Visual Identification Procedures
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In determining the admissibility of identification evidence, the most important factor is whether _____.
A) procedural due process rights were violated
B) substantive due process rights were violated
C) the evidence is reliable
D) police abuses were incidental or intentional
Q2) The right to counsel guaranteed by the Wade-Gilbert cases does not apply at the outset of a criminal investigation, instead, the right must "attach" when a "triggering event" occurs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Select the true statement about the proper procedures for conducting a lineup.
A) Multiple suspects should appear in a lineup.
B) Eyewitnesses should state in their own words how certain they are of any identification they make.
C) A minimum of three people should appear in a lineup; five to seven people is preferable.
D) Simultaneous viewing of all participants, rather than sequential viewing of one after another, is preferable.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Criminal Trials, Appeals, and Postconviction
Remedies
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26696
Sample Questions
Q1) An inmate is housed in a state prison for the crime of murder. He has exhausted all of his appeals and state remedies. The primary assertion that the inmate wants to advance to a court is his claim of innocence, but he has no violation of the U.S. Constitution to claim. Which statement about the inmate's likelihood of success in filing a habeas corpus claim is most accurate?
A) The inmate can succeed in a habeas corpus claim if a state law has been violated.
B) The inmate cannot succeed in a habeas corpus claim unless a state law has been violated.
C) The inmate cannot succeed in filing a habeas corpus claim.
D) The inmate cannot succeed in a habeas corpus claim because no search and seizure law has been violated.
Q2) Explain the difference between determinate and indeterminate sentencing.
Q3) Appellate determinations of either plain error or prejudicial error normally result in a conviction being overturned.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A __________ is issued to a person accused of a crime to compel attendance at a criminal proceeding.
Page 17
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