Criminal Investigation
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Criminal Investigation is a comprehensive course that explores the methods and techniques used by law enforcement professionals to solve crimes. It covers the fundamental principles of crime scene management, evidence collection and preservation, interviewing witnesses and suspects, and the application of forensic science. Students will learn about the investigative process from the initial report through case preparation for prosecution, including legal considerations and ethical challenges. Through case studies and practical exercises, learners develop critical thinking and analytical skills necessary to effectively conduct and evaluate criminal investigations.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Investigation 11th Edition by Charles R Swanson
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Forensic Science
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Q1) Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?
A) New Orleans, LA.
B) New York, NY.
C) Baltimore, MD.
D) Philadelphia, PA
Answer: B
Q2) Why did the office of detective in this country initially evolve in the private sector?
Answer: First,graft and corruption were common in big city police departments.Second,municipal police jurisdictions were limited.Third,there was little communication between police departments in different cities.Thus,offenders could flee from one jurisdiction to another with impunity.When individuals and businesses could not get reliable investigative services from the public sector,it created the possibility of the private sector (such as Pinkerton's National Detective Agency)providing such services.
Q3) Stephen Girard bequeathed $33,190 to ________ to develop a competent police force.
Answer: Philadelphia
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Legal Aspects of Investigation
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Q1) The Hurtado v.California case attempted the process of the "shorthand doctrine" but instead,ratified the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In 1969,the United States Supreme Court limited the scope of a search when it ruled in ________ that a warrantless search of the defendant's entire house,following his lawful arrest in the house on a burglary charge was unreasonable.
Answer: Chimel v.California
Q3) Which of the following is not usually required to be in the contents of a valid arrest warrant?
A) the authority under which the warrant is issued
B) the identity of the person to be arrested
C) the designation of the offense
D) the authority to search the person arrested
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Investigators, the Investigative Process, and the Crime Scene
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Q1) Hepatitis B and C are the most common serious diseases in the world and are the leading cause of
A) cirrhosis of the liver.
B) heart disease.
C) asthma.
D) both B and C.
Answer: A
Q2) Crime scene coordination includes interviewing witnesses,conducting and documenting the neighborhood canvass,and a field interrogation of the suspect if he/she is in custody.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A misdemeanor is a lesser offense that may be punishable by
A) a fine, ordinarily not to exceed $500.
B) imprisonment for no more than a year.
C) more than one year in prison
D) A and B
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Physical Evidence
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Q1) Rope,cord,string and tape are more likely to be found at this type of crime.
A) Car theft
B) Extortion
C) Rape/sexual assault
D) None of the above
Q2) Many victims are bitten during an attack.What is the <b>primary </b>significance of a bite mark to the investigator?
A) Can provide the M.O. of the perpetrator.
B) Can provide sites for DNA collection of saliva from the suspect which can lead to the identification of the suspect.
C) Can aid in deciding what charges to apply when the suspect is arrested.
D) Can aid in determining whether or not the suspect should be charged as a sexual criminal.
Q3) Cord and rope have essentially the same characteristics as string,and all have some characteristics of fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You collect a shirt with wet bloodstains on it at the crime scene.What do you do with it?
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Chapter 5: Interviewing and Interrogation
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Q1) Which of the following are essential requirements for a person to be a credible witness?
A) Presence at the scene of the event, consciousness, attentiveness.
B) Consciousness, attentiveness, age (over 5 years), no felony convictions.
C) Attentiveness, age (over 7 years), no felony convictions, consciousness.
D) Age (over 5 years), attentiveness, presence at the scene of the event.
Q2) Which factors influence a person's ability to give a complete account of an event or to identify people accurately?
A) The significance or insignificance of the event:
B) The length of the period of observation
C) Lack of ideal conditions
D) All of the above are factors
Q3) In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court emphatically state that once a suspect has invoked the right to remain silent,interrogation must terminate?
A) Michigan v. Mosley.
B) United States v. Lee
C) Manson v. Braithwaite.
D) Miranda v. Arizona.
Q4) What requirements are imposed on law enforcement by Miranda v.Arizona?
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Chapter 6: Field Notes and Reporting
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Q1) Explain what an effective report is and what is required to write effective reports.
Q2) Explain the importance of collecting physical,email addresses,and occupations when interviewing victims,witnesses,and suspects.
Q3) What is typically used by officers to record their field notes?
A) Small pocket tape recorder.
B) Small loose-leaf or spiral bound notebook.
C) Laptop computer.
D) Mobile Data terminal.
Q4) After approving an incident report,the supervisor must make a ________ of the case.
Q5) Explain supplemental reports and describe when they are utilized.
Q6) Write the report in ________,using "I arrived at the scene at 0821 hours".
Q7) If a particular investigation must go beyond 28 days,what should be done to conclude the case?
A) New leads must be obtained that require investigation.
B) Supervisory approval must be obtained to ensure proper use of the investigators time.
C) Suspect(s) must be named in order to pursue the case.
D) Both A and C.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Follow-Up Investigation and Investigative Resources
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Q1) Establishing the existence of a violation,obtaining probable cause for a search warrant and preventing crime are all considered effective uses of
A) an informant.
B) grid maps.
C) crime analysis.
D) surveillance.
Q2) ________ is an investigative strategy that used the locations of a series of crimes to determine the most probable area of the offender's residence.
Q3) With regard to guidelines for photo and live lineups,to the extent possible,which of the following should not be present?
A) Prosecutor.
B) Patrol officer.
C) Latent investigator.
D) Assigned investigator.
Q4) _________________ are filled out when patrolling officers identify persons or vehicles that are suspicious to them but are not connected with any particular offense.
Q5) Briefly discuss the steps in the intelligence/analytical cycle.
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Chapter 8: The Crime Laboratory
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Q1) A ________ search is conducted when a DNA sample collected from a crime does not match any of the samples in the data base.
Q2) When body fluids are submitted to a laboratory for analysis,how are the specimens handled in light of concerns about the transmittal of hepatitis and AIDS?
Q3) There are three primary purposes of a digital crime lab.They are to examine and collect relevant digital evidence and secure evidence that directly involve computer crimes such as money laundering,possessing child pornography,embezzlement,fraud,and identity theft and to prevent and investigate terrorist plots.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The terms "forensic science" and "Criminalistics" are often used together.Forensic science is that part of science applied to answering legal questions whereas Criminalistics deals with the study of physical evidence related to a crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the measures of effectiveness of crime laboratories.
Q6) What are the primary DNA Analysis techniques used since 1985?
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Chapter 9: Injury and Death Investigations
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Q1) In a hanging death,where is livor mortis most pronounced?
A) In the lower portions of the arms and legs.
B) In the jaw.
C) Around the face and lips.
D) All of the preceding are where livor mortis is most pronounced in a death by hanging.
Q2) The gas most frequently involved in medico-legal investigations is
A) carbon dioxide.
B) carbon monoxide.
C) nitrogen.
D) hydrogen.
Q3) The so-called ________ attitude of the body is a natural result of the dehydrating effect caused by the heat from the fire and is not related to the cause or manner of death.
Q4) After death,the muscles of a body initially become flaccid,within 1-3 hours,they become increasingly rigid and the joints freeze.This is a condition called algor mortis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the differences between felonious and nonfelonious homicide.
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Chapter 10: Sex-Related Offenses
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Q1) Condoms manufacturers add substances to their product and these are known as exchangeable traces.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Condom trace evidence can assist investigators in a rape case by
A) helping prove corpus delecti.
B) provide evidence of penetration.
C) link the acts of serial rapists.
D) all of the preceding can assist investigators.
Q3) There are a large number of cases where a rape has clearly occurred,but no specific offender can be determined from the evidence.This is sufficient grounds to declare the case cleared exceptional.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ________ autopsy is an analytical statement prepared by a mental health professional based upon the deceased's thoughts,feelings,and behavior.
Q5) Sexual offenders increasing use of the ________,such as Rohypnol and gamma hydroxybutyrate,as tools of submission accounts for much of the complexity surrounding these cases.
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Chapter 11: Crimes Against Children
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Q1) ________________ occurs when a student intentionally or unintentionally reveals clues to feelings,thoughts,fantasies,attitudes,or intentions that may signal an impending violent act.
Q2) Situational child molesters tend to follow certain patterns of behavior.Which of the following in not one of these patterns?
A) Seduction
B) Regressed
C) Morally indiscriminate
D) Inadequate
Q3) Spill/splash injuries occur when a child falls or is placed into a container of hot liquid.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the major features of the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act?
Q5) What role does the physician play in child abuse cases?
Q6) Tourism organized with the primary purpose of facilitating the effecting of a commercial-sexual relationship with a child is called ________.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Human Trafficking
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Q1) Foreign victims found in labor trafficking may have entered the country under a/the____________.
Q2) Most of the women and children trafficked in the United States are for forced labor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What role does a non-governmental organization (NGO)play in a sex trafficking case?
Q4) Which of the following is<b> not</b> a goal of the federal taskforces against human trafficking?
A) train law enforcement officers
B) case coordination
C) identification of foreign nationals in the area of operation
D) All of the above are goals
Q5) Federal agencies involved in the training of law enforcement personnel on human trafficking issues include all but
A) FBI
B) US Marshall's Service
C) Immigration and Custom Enforcement (ICE)
D) U.S. Customs and Border Protection
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Chapter 13: Robbery
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Q1) Give a profile of visible street robberies.
Q2) Robbery consists of the following elements: (1)taking and (2)carrying away of (3)personal property of (4)another,with (5)the intent to deprive permanently,without (6)the use of force,fear,or threat of force.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why should a file check be made of a robbery victim?
Q4) Taxicab drivers are easy targets because they work alone,are available at all times of the day and night,do business on a cash basis,and can be called or directed to locations that favor the offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The importance of robbery resides in its
A) economics and fear that its creates.
B) frequency and the potential for violence.
C) resistance to investigative efforts.
D) all of the preceding are correct.
Q6) What are action,physical,and situational stereotyping?
Q7) What considerations are required as you approach the scene of a robbery?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Burglary
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Q1) A burglary investigation _____________ makes no distinction between the tasks associated with initiating the incident report and those associated with the follow-up investigation,so that the entire scope of investigative tasks can be seen at once.
Q2) Explain two investigative approaches to locating fences.
Q3) How do burglars get their information?
Q4) A method of burglary in which the offenders steal a car and drive it though the front door of a business,grab what they can and leave is called A) crash and go burglary.
B) slash and smash burglary.
C) smash and grab burglary
D) get and go burglary.
Q5) What is the minimum number of police units required to secure a building with a burglary suspect inside while awaiting reinforcements to conduct the search?
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
Q6) Describe the dimensions of the crime of burglary.
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Chapter 15: Larceny Theft and White-Collar Crime
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Q1) The practice of placing unauthorized,misleading,inaccurate,or deceptive charges on the victims' telephone bills,which may be accidental but is often intentional,is called
Q2) Money laundering involves three distinct steps: layering,integration,and A) displacement.
B) placement.
C) disintegration.
D) initiation.
Q3) Scamming victims out of personal information on the Internet is accomplished by a technique known as A) smurfing.
B) shoulder smurfing.
C) skimming.
D) phishing.
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the three most common ways identity thieves obtain personal information?
A) Stolen wallet.
B) Friends/relatives with access to the information.
C) Corrupt employees with access to the information.
D) Pick-pockets.
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Chapter 16: Vehicle Thefts and Related Offenses
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Q1) Theft deterrent devices are of two types - passive and active.________ system requires that the operator do something every time the vehicle is driven or parked.
Q2) The system implemented in 1981 to provide positive,individualized vehicle identification was
A) the Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act.
B) the 17 character standardized VIN.
C) the confidential engine number.
D) the acid restoration system.
Q3) All of the following identifiers are part of the 17 character standardized VIN except A) engine type.
B) color.
C)body style.
D) country of manufacturer.
Q4) The Stolen Auto Recovery (STAR)System can scan storage containers in less than 6 seconds while they continue to move,can identify cargo and compare it to the bill of lading without impeding the flow of commerce.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Cybercrime
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Q1) When conducting the preliminary interview about a computer-assisted or cybercrime,the investigators should establish
A) who owns the computers
B) whether they prefer broadband, DSL or T1 connection
C) how often they visit illicit/illegal websites
D) All of the above
Q2) The investigator should put digital evidence in regular plastic bags to protect it from moisture.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One name for a computer that has been hijacked or taken over by another is A) jacked computer
B) RAT (remote accessed terminal)
C) zombie
D) none of the above
Q4) Discuss the issues relating to cybercrime/computer/high technology/electronic crime units at the state and local level.
Q5) Discuss polymorphic and metamorphic viruses.
Q6) Discuss the differences between "black hatters" and "white hatters."
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Chapter 18: Agricultural, Wildlife, and Environmental Crimes
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Q1) What is a "freezer crime?"
A) A freezer is stolen along with its contents.
B) Livestock stolen where the motivation was to obtain food.
C) A refrigerated truck loaded with meat is stolen and resold.
D) None of the preceding.
Q2) Unfortunately,tack is not always marked for identification,making tracing a very difficult proposition.Some owners have injected a small microchip inside tack to facilitate its recovery.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify and briefly discuss different investigative programs or techniques used by wildlife officers.
Q4) Because of the dangers associated with hazardous-waste sites,investigators must wear ________ suits to protect themselves.
Q5) The most frequent violators of hazardous waste regulations and laws are
A) located in the northeast.
B) small generating firms.
C) pharmaceutical companies.
D) all of the preceding are correct.
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Chapter 19: Arson and Explosives Investigations
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Q1) Depth of char are the effects of heat or partial burning that indicate a fire's rate of development,points of origin,temperature,duration,and time of occurrence,as well as the presence of flammable liquids.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The material placed around the ignition device to feed the flame in arson is referred to as
A) a trailer.
B) an accelerant.
C) a plant.
D) a pyro-enhancement device.
Q3) According to the textbook,who was the earliest identified serial bomb builder in the United States?
A) Ted Kaczynski.
B) Terry McVeigh.
C) George Metesky.
D) Eric Rudolph.
Q4) What is the "layer checking" technique and how can it assist in determining the cause and origin of a fire?
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Chapter 20: Recognition, Control, and Investigation of Drug Abuse
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Q1) Khat (pronounced "cot")is a leafy import from northeast Africa whose active ingredients are cathinone and cathine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term ________ is still widely used,often to include inhalation of a broad range of common products besides glue.
Q3) Hallucinogenic drugs,natural or synthetic,distort the perception of objective reality.The unpredictability of their effects is the greatest danger to the user.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Liquid hashish is produced by concentrating the basic active ingredient in A) cocaine.
B) heroin.
C) mescaline.
D) marijuana.
Q5) The most prominent method of electronic surveillance is ________,using third-party eavesdropping devices placed on telephone lines to capture conversations.
Page 22
Q6) Define a conspiracy,and give examples of the types of conspiracy cases.
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Chapter 21: Terrorism
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Q1) ________,a radical fundamentalist organization,came to prominence as the foremost opponent of the OSLO peace accords.Their primary modus operandi is suicide bombings against civilian targets.
Q2) The ________ is engaged in preventing and investigatingcrimes against computers and information technologies.
Q3) What term is used to describe the deliberate and malicious use of biological agents as weapons against the agricultural and food supply industries?
A) High frequency radio energy (HERF).
B) Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) weapons.
C) Ecoterrorism.
D) Agroterrorism.
Q4) New York State Intelligence Center has created a list of suspicious factors to consider that may indicate a possible terrorist threat.Which of the following is not one of the factors?
A) Recent travels overseas to countries that sponsor terrorism.
B) No obvious signs of employment.
C) Use of lobby or other pay phone instead of room phone.
D) Arriving in the United States without a passport or other form of identification.
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Chapter 22: The Trial Process and the Investigator As a Witness
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Q1) The defense has carried the burden of going forward with evidence to convince the jury of a reasonable doubt of guilt.This is equivalent to the prosecution's burden of proving the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For what proposition does the U.S.Supreme Court case of Crawford v.Washington stand?
Q3) What factors affect the credibility of the investigator as a witness?
Q4) Describe the manner in which circumstantial evidence is used in a criminal prosecution.
Q5) What is the first rule of evidence?
A) Proof is not evidence but the combination of individual facts is proof.
B) To keep a jury from hearing or seeing improper evidence.
C) Evidence must be relevant to the case at hand.
D) Determination of the importance of the evidence.
Q6) The prosecution has the opportunity to conduct a redirect examination of the defendant after completion of cross-examination.
A)True
B)False
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