Crime Scene Investigation
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Crime Scene Investigation is a comprehensive course designed to introduce students to the fundamental principles and techniques used in the examination, documentation, and analysis of crime scenes. Topics include procedures for securing and processing crime scenes, the collection and preservation of physical evidence, and the application of scientific methods in forensic investigations. Students will gain insights into the roles of forensic specialists, best practices for maintaining the integrity of evidence, and the use of technology in crime scene analysis. Through case studies and practical exercises, students will develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for effective crime scene investigation.
Recommended Textbook
Forensic Science An Introduction 2nd Edition by Saferstein Richard
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ten sections of The American Academy of Forensic Science include all of the following except:
A) Arson/Explosives
B) General
C) Jurisprudence
D) Toxicology
E) Criminalistics
Answer: A
Q2) The tendency of the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence and their unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor's case should always be bolstered and supported by forensic evidence is known as:
A) the Scientific Method
B) Jurisprudence
C) Anthropometry
D) Locard's Principle
E) the CSI Effect
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Securing and Searching the Crime Scene
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Sample Questions
Q1) Investigators should collect possible carriers of trace evidence which may include:
A) vacuum sweepings.
B) clothing.
C) vehicles.
D) fingernail scrapings.
E) all of the above.
Answer: E
Q2) CAD programs enhance the ability to:
A) produce a finished crime scene sketch.
B) edit videotape.
C) develop photographs.
D) create chain-of-custody documents.
E) take complete notes.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Recording the Crime Scene
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and describe three categories of physical evidence that are commonly found at crime scenes.
Answer: 1. Biological evidence: This category includes any physical material that originated from a living organism, such as blood, saliva, hair, skin cells, and bodily fluids. Biological evidence is commonly found at crime scenes and can be crucial in identifying suspects through DNA analysis.
2. Trace evidence: This category includes small, often microscopic, pieces of physical material that can be transferred between people or objects during a crime. Examples of trace evidence include fibers, glass fragments, paint chips, and gunshot residue. These types of evidence can provide important clues about the events that took place at a crime scene.
3. Impressions and tool marks: This category includes evidence left behind by objects or tools used during a crime. This can include shoeprints, tire tracks, fingerprints, and tool marks left on surfaces such as doors or windows. Impressions and tool marks can be used to link a suspect to a crime scene or to identify the tools or objects used during the commission of a crime.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Collection of Crime-Scene Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effect of gravity on the weight of an object is ________ the effect of gravity on the mass of the same object.
A) less than
B) the same as
C) greater than
Q2) The weight 264.45 grams can be correctly expressed as:
A) 26.445 centigrams.
B) .26445 kilograms.
C) 26,445 decigrams.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q3) Flotation is a method used by scientists to determine the ________ of a particle of glass.
A) refractive index
B) density
C) temperature
D) mass
E) weight
Q4) Contract the differences between a solid, a liquid and a gas.
Q5) Explain the difference between elements and compounds. Cite one example of each.
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Chapter 5: Physical Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scott Test solutions can indicate the presence of:
A) heroin.
B) codeine.
C) cocaine.
D) marijuana.
E) Librium.
Q2) Which part of cannabis contains the LEAST amount of THC?
A) leaf
B) flower
C) bud
D) seeds
E) resin
Q3) Thin-layer chromatography was performed and four spots were visualized on the glass slide. The substance with which R value was least soluble in the stationary phase?
A) R value .5
B) R value 8.5
C) R value .7
D) R value .2
E) R value 10.0
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Death Investigation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which test is NOT a widely used screening tool in the toxicology lab?
A) immunoassay
B) GC-MS
C) GC
D) TLC
E) none of the above
Q2) In Western countries the most heavily abused drug(s) is/are:
A) cocaine.
B) alcohol.
C) tranquilizers.
D) barbiturates.
E) amphetamines.
Q3) The amount of alcohol absorbed through the stomach walls is ________ the amount of alcohol absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.
A) less than
B) greater than
C) the same as
Q4) List and describe lab tests that are used in measuring the concentration of alcohol in the blood.
Q5) Explain how alcohol is released by the lungs.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Crime-Scene Reconstruction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A transparent specimen is viewed through a microscope using ___________ light while an opaque object requires ___________ illumination.
A) confocal; transmitted
B) transmitted; vertical
C) vertical; horizontal
D) transmitted; stereoscopic
E) vertical; reflected
Q2) The microscope that provides the highest resolution and greatest depth of focus is the:
A) polarizing.
B) compound.
C) comparison.
D) SEM.
E) stereoscopic.
Q3) Which microscope has the largest potential working distance?
A) polarizing
B) compound
C) stereoscopic
D) fluorescent
E) comparison
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Chapter 8: Fingerprints
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how blood and semen are to be properly preserved.
Q2) Antibodies are found:
A) in the solid portion of blood.
B) in fibrinogen.
C) on the red blood cells.
D) in the blood serum.
E) on the white blood cells.
Q3) The presence or absence of how many antigens determines an individual's blood type in the A-B-O system?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 0
D) 1
E) 4
Q4) A stain can tentatively be identified as blood by:
A) the phenolphthalein test.
B) the Bluestar test.
C) the luminol test.
D) the benzidine test
E) all of the above.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Firearms, Toolmarks, and Other Impressions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The evidence suggests which suspect raped the victim?
A) The evidence suggests that two of the suspects raped the victim.
B) suspect A
C) The evidence shows that none of these suspects is a match.
D) suspect C
E) suspect B
Q2) The transfer of DNA fragments onto a nylon membrane is called:
A) PCR.
B) replication.
C) Southern blotting.
D) hybridization.
E) polymerization.
Q3) The rate at which large DNA fragments move through the electrophoretic gel is ________ the rate at which small DNA fragments move through the same apparatus. A) greater than B) the same as C) less than
Q4) Define and explain the forensics value of CODIS.
Q5) Explain the forensic value of VNTR's.
Q6) Compare and contrast STR with RFLP analysis.
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Chapter 10: Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
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Q1) The amount of spatter from a blood droplet falling on a hard, non-porous surface is ________ that of a drop of blood of equal size, falling from the same distance, onto a softer, porous surface.
A) less than
B) the same as C) equal to D) greater than
Q2) The direction of a ___________ may show movements of objects or bodies while the pattern was still forming or after the blood has dried.
A) bloodstain tail
B) cast-off pattern
C) expirated pattern
D) trail pattern
E) flow pattern
Q3) How can an investigator determine the area of convergence and an area of impact for a given blood pattern?
Q4) Describe the methods used to document bloodstain evidence at a crime scene.
Q5) Diagram and describe the three types of impact spatter and how these patterns can be used at a crime scene.
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Chapter 11: Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The medullary index of human hair is ________ the medullary index for most other animals.
A) less than
B) greater than
C) the same as
Q2) Mohair and cashmere are hairs from:
A) a goat.
B) a llama.
C) a sheep.
D) a rabbit.
E) a camel.
Q3) Wayne Williams was convicted of serial murder mainly on the strength of:
A) DNA studies from bone fragments.
B) bite mark comparisons on victims.
C) fiber evidence.
D) blood analysis.
E) paint chips.
Q4) Explain the difference between natural and manufactured fibers.
Q5) List and explain the three phases of hair growth.
Q6) Describe the correlation between hair analysis and DNA typing.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Forensic Toxicology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the logical first step in soil analysis?
A) examination for presence of debris under low-power magnification
B) comparison of dried soil sample for color and texture
C) use of the density-gradient tube technique
D) investigation of the geographical and/or geologic origin of the sample
E) examination of minerals and rocks under high-power magnification
Q2) What type of evidence would be expected to have trace elements?
A) paint and bullet fragments
B) glass and metal objects
C) soil and primer particles
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q3) In order to compare soil specimens, some forensic laboratories rely on:
A) GRIM 3 results.
B) the density-gradient tube technique.
C) the 3 R rule.
D) a reference collection.
E) refractive index studies.
Q4) Briefly describe what an isotope is.
Q5) List and explain the important forensic properties of soil.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Trace Evidence I: Hairs and Fibers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Complex chromatographic patterns can be simplified by passing the components emerging from the gas chromatographic column through a(n):
A) TLC
B) SEM-EDX
C) capillary column
D) infrared microspectrophotometer
E) mass spectrometer
Q2) The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce enough vapor to burn is called the:
A) sublimation temperature.
B) flash point.
C) flammable range.
D) ignition temperature.
E) critical temperature.
Q3) Factors that can contribute to abnormal observations at a fire scene include:
A) stairways or elevator shafts.
B) winds or drafts.
C) secondary fires due to collapsing floors or roof.
D) holes in the structure.
E) all of the above
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Chapter 14: Trace Evidence Ii: Paint, Glass, and Soil
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Q1) ___________ explosives detonate almost instantaneously to produce a smashing or shattering effect.
A) low explosives
B) dentoating explosives
C) instantaneous explosives
D) high explosives
E) corrosive explosives
Q2) A chemical used to synthesize the explosive TATP is:
A) aluminum.
B) magnesium.
C) potassium chlorate.
D) hydrogen peroxide.
E) none of the above
Q3) Most explosives can be recovered from debris for future study by being rinsed with: A) motor oil.
B) toluene.
C) kerosene.
D) acetone.
E) water.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Biological Stain Analysis: DNA
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Sample Questions
Q1) Currently, which of the following is most often used in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence to visualize latent prints?
A) UV light
B) luminol
C) laser illumination
D) high-intensity light sources
E) IR light
Q2) Explain the difference between visible, plastic and latent fingerprints.
Q3) Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax?
A) Visible
B) Latent
C) Hidden
D) Plastic
E) None of the above
Q4) What techniques are best used on latent prints found on porous surfaces? What about non-porous surfaces?
Q5) List and diagram the three major fingerprint patterns.
Q6) List and diagram the most common ridge characteristics found in a fingerprint.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Forensic Aspects of Fire and Explosion Investigation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "dermal nitrate test" has fallen into disfavor because of its lack of specificity. Which of the following common materials does NOT give a misleading positive reaction to this test?
A) chocolate
B) fertilizers
C) cosmetics
D) tobacco
E) urine
Q2) List common field reagents used to enhance bloody fingerprints.
Q3) When an etching agent is applied to a metal surface in order to restore a removed serial number, the stamped area will dissolve at ________ as the unstamped area.
A) a slower rate
B) a greater rate
C) the same rate
Q4) Generally, the gauge of a shotgun is ________ to the diameter of its barrel.
A) directly related
B) indirectly related
C) not related
Q5) Describe the various techniques that are used to rifle a barrel.
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Chapter 17: Document Examination
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Sample Questions
Q1) When dictating to a person in order to obtain samples of handwriting, one should not:
A) allow the suspect to view the questioned document before dictating it.
B) use a pen similar to that of the questioned document.
C) use similar or the same letter and word grouping as used in the questioned document
D) dictate the contents of the text at least three times.
E) use paper similar to that of the questioned document.
Q2) What guidelines should an investigator use when collecting known writing samples for comparison to a questioned document?
Q3) What are the common individual characteristics that are associated with handwriting?
Q4) The ease with which one can find individual variations in a typewritten document is ________ the ease of finding such defects in documents produced by business and personal computers.
A) less than B) the same as C) greater than
Q5) What is a questioned document?
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Chapter 18: Computer Forensics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT considered a type of software?
A) Linux
B) Unix
C) Firefox
D) Random Access Memory
E) Excel
Q2) The definition of software is:
A) primary component of storage in the personal computer
B) program permitting the user to manage files and applications
C) set of instructions compiled into a program that performs a particular task
D) storage programs used to start the boot process
E) a complex network of wires that carry data from one hardware device to another
Q3) The ___________ is a complex network of wires that carry data from one hardware device to another.
A) network
B) central processing unit (CPU)
C) operating system
D) motherboard
E) hard disc drive
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