Crime and Society
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Course Introduction
Crime and Society examines the complex relationship between criminal behavior, social structures, and cultural norms. The course explores theories of crime causation, patterns and types of crime, and the societal reactions to criminal acts. Students analyze how social factors such as class, race, gender, and environment influence both the perception and reality of crime. The course also delves into the operation of criminal justice agencies and the impact of public policy on crime prevention and control, encouraging critical thinking about legal, ethical, and societal implications in addressing crime within communities.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology Today An Integrative Introduction 6th Edition by Frank J. Schmalleger
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Chapter 1: What Is Criminology
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Q1) What limitations do we see with the legal perspective of crime?
Answer: Answers should define the legal perspective of crime as human conduct in violation of the criminal laws set by the government.Answers should address some of the following limitations discussed in the textbook: yielding moral high ground to powerful individuals with influence on the law;that social,ethical,and individual significance influence immoral forms of behavior;and that the legalistic definition also suffers from lack of recognition that formalized laws have not always existed.
Q2) This book sees crime as a __________ event.
A)individual
B)social
C)political
D)justifiable
Answer: B
Q3) What are the two contrasting viewpoints on which the book is built?
Answer: Answers should explain the two contrasting perspectives now popular in American society: social problems perspective and the individual responsibility perspective.
Q4) A ________ studies crime,criminals,and criminal behavior.
Answer: criminologist
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Chapter 2: Where Do Theories Come From
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Q1) A meta-analysis is a close analysis of one particular study.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A __________ design is useful when social settings are beyond the control of the researcher.
Answer: quasi-experimental
Q3) Which of the following is an example of the code of ethics for researchers?
A)exercising objectivity in research
B)stating a clear hypothesis
C)conducting participant observation
D)research reports
Answer: A
Q4) Evidence-based criminology is the contemporary form of criminology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) ________ are developed to help provide us patterns for interpreting data and linking studies together.
Answer: Theories
4
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Chapter 3: Classical and Neoclassical Thought
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Q1) Critics charge that classical and neoclassical thought lack an explanation of
A)criminal motivation
B)philosophy of justice
C)deviant behavior
D)dangerousness
Answer: A
Q2) ___________ exists to provide benefits to individuals that they would not receive in isolation.
Answer: Society
Q3) Situational crime prevention is a social policy approach from the A)Natural Law.
B)Enlightenment Era.
C)Classic School.
D)Neoclassic School.
Answer: D
Q4) The belief that ___________ is sometimes required to deter law violators and serve as an example to others violating the law is a part of the Classic School of thought. Answer: punishment
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Chapter 4: Biological Roots in Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Gall was the one of the first Western writers to locate the roots of the personality in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The study of the shape of the head to determine anatomical correlates of human behavior is called criminal anthropology.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Classifying human beings into types according to body build and other physical characteristics is called constitutional theory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following are examples of the two paths in biosocial theory?
A)life course persisters and adolescence-limited offenders
B)adolescence-limited offenders and millennial offenders
C)life course persisters and temporary persisters
D)life course offenders and temporary offenders
Q5) A critique of twin studies is a critique of __________ theory.
Q6) _________ such as testosterone are studied in their link to criminal behavior.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Psychology and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Some studies show that an electroencephalogram taken of an individual with _______________ is frequently abnormal.
Q2) _________ is a policy based on the notion of career criminality.
A)reward
B)sociopath
C)psychological profiling
D)selective incapacitation
Q3) Explain early definitions of psychopathic personalities.What are some of the defining characteristics?
Q4) _________ individuals face minor problems with living.
A)Neurotic
B)Psychotic
C)Delusional
D)Superego
Q5) A criminal who has a poorly developed superego lacks the ability to follow a moral guide.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss which theory explains how violent video games may influence behavior and why. Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Q1) _______ can be seen in big business through criminal activities like burglary and extortion.
Q2) Which of the following is not an example of the criminology of place?
A)homes that are more crowded lead to more levels of temptation for crime
B)crowded homes lead to lower levels of child supervision
C)mixed use of homes gives easy access and opportunity for deviant behavior
D)subculture values will likely lead to social tension and criminal behavior
Q3) The general strain theory sees criminal activity as a coping mechanism for dealing with __________ problems that stem from social pressure.
Q4) The culture conflict theory looks at ways individuals suffer from relative deprivation. A)True
B)False
Q5) Having a lack of ________ is an example of social process theories.
A)marketable skills
B)disorganization
C)self-control
D)poverty
Q6) Explain the general features of,and assumptions about,the sociological viewpoint.
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Chapter 7: Theories of Social Process and Social Development
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Q1) The __________ theory states that the principal part of criminal behavior learning takes place within intimate groups.
Q2) All of the following are major focuses of social development policy,except
A)emphasizing individual self-control
B)supporting core social institutions to help reduce risk
C)enhancing protective factors
D)immediate intervention with child delinquency
Q3) Strengthening conformity is a policy implication of social process theories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Social process theories focus only on society.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to law violation over definitions unfavorable to law violation.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Containment theory is a type of ______ theory.
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Chapter 8: Social Conflict Theories
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Q1) The idea that those in power are inevitably interested in maintaining their power against those who would usurp it is a tenet of the consensus perspective.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Currie,what are the seven mechanisms that operate to produce crime in a market society?
Q3) John Hagan,Freda Adler,Rita J.Simon,and Kathleen Daly are associated with which of the following social conflict theories?
A)convict criminology
B)peacemaking criminology
C)radical criminology
D)feminist criminology
Q4) Restorative justice stresses which of the following concepts as a means of responding to crime?
A)retribution
B)punishment
C)deterrence
D)cooperation
Q5) Discuss the major criticisms of radical-critical criminology.
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Chapter 9: Crimes Against Persons
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Q1) The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by which of the following federal agencies?
A)the Department of State
B)the Bureau of Justice Statistics
C)the Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)the Central Intelligence Agency
Q2) On average,less than half of violent victimizations and property crimes are reported to the police.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the four primary types of workplace violence?
Q4) Serial murder has reached epidemic proportions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following crime-reporting typologies does this chapter rely on to distinguish offenses?
A)FBI
B)UCR/NIBRS and NCVS
C)VAWA
D)VICAP
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Crimes Against Property
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Q1) What is the term for a person who buys and sells stolen goods on a regular basis?
A)amateur receiver
B)avocational receiver
C)middleman
D)fence
Q2) What is true of the vast majority of arsonists?
A)They are trying to make a profit.
B)They are protesting a social cause.
C)They are likely to be juveniles.
D)They are likely to be over thirty.
Q3) A stack of packages is stolen out of an unlocked car parked outside of a home.This is an example of the crime of ________
A)shoplifting.
B)burglary.
C)larceny.
D)robbery.
Q4) What are four of the forms of larceny-theft? Which ones are most common?
Q5) The most serious form of property crime is_____.
Q6) Stealing from retail businesses is a form of larceny known as _____.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: White-Collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of most Sicilian immigrants to America?
A)Most Sicilian immigrants moved to America to participate in Mafia activities.
B)Few Sicilian immigrants had experience with the Mafia while living in Italy.
C)Most Sicilian immigrants moved to the U.S.to escape Mafia repression.
D)The Mafia had little to do with Sicilian immigration to the United States.
Q2) Identify three of the major clans involved in transnational crime and discuss the type of crime in which they tend to be most involved.
Q3) Enron Corporation hid company losses through complex accounting practices.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What happened to organized crime between the years of 1931 and 1951?
A)The government eradicated organized criminal activity.
B)The organizations' activities became nearly invisible.
C)The organizations grew exponentially.
D)The rival organizations were at war.
Q5) In the 1990s,low interest rates lead to sham _____ operations.
Q6) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was put into place in _____ to help control the conduct of corporations.
Q7) What was the Teapot Dome Scandal of 1929? How did it end?
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Chapter 12: Public Order and Drug Crimes
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Q1) It is possible to identify the geographic source of heroin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which illegal drug in the U.S.commonly originates in South America,especially Bolivia,Columbia,and Peru?
A)marijuana
B)cocaine
C)heroin
D)opium
Q3) Which of the following drugs is considered a psychotherapeutic?
A)marijuana
B)tranquilizers
C)heroin
D)inhalants
Q4) Cocaine and crack cocaine were the drugs most commonly abused by jail inmates.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most heroin is trafficked in from _____ _____.
Q6) Define and discuss designer drugs.Do these drugs differ from other controlled substances?
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Technology and Crime
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Q1) Cybercrime simply refers to any crime that violates any federal or state cybercrime legislation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When criminals misuse another individuals' personal information to commit fraud,they are guilty of ________.
Q3) What is TEMPEST?
A)an international computer security consortium
B)an anti-theft software program
C)a security standard developed by the U.S.military
D)a protocol for handling data securely
Q4) The trial judge has to decide is an expert's testimony is
A)reliable and relevant.
B)accurate and accessible.
C)cogent and comprehensive.
D)clear and correct.
Q5) Gang members are using ________ to circumvent court injunctions that forbid members from meeting face-to-face.
Q6) Computer viruses,worms,and spyware are examples of ________.
Q7) Describe the range of cybercriminals known as hackers.
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Chapter 14: Globalization and Terrorism
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Q1) Cyberterrorism is defined as
A)terrorism that aims to spread access to high technology.
B)terrorism that targets data on high technology.
C)terrorism that destroys high technology.
D)terrorism that makes use of high technology.
Q2) Trafficking in persons (TIP)has been compared to
A)penal servitude
B)indentured servitude
C)medieval serfdom.
D)modern-day slavery.
Q3) Which of these is a unique feature of GovNet?
A)its separation from commercial and public networks
B)its reduplication of essential data
C)its close connections to the Internet via routers
D)its ability to handle only data,not voice
Q4) The name for the basic facilities,services,and installations needed for a country to function is ________.
Q5) The increase in understanding that results from the sharing of information between cultures is called ________.
Q6) Terrorists who pursue their own vision of the divine will are called ________.
Page 17
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