Crime and Society
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Crime and Society explores the complex relationship between crime, criminal justice systems, and the broader social context in which they exist. The course examines the social, economic, and cultural factors influencing criminal behavior, as well as how societies define, respond to, and seek to prevent crime. Students will analyze theories of deviance and criminality, study the impact of crime on individuals and communities, and critically engage with issues such as inequality, race, media representation, policy, and law enforcement practices. Drawing on case studies and contemporary issues, the course encourages critical thinking about the ways in which crime shapes, and is shaped by, society.
Recommended Textbook
Crim 2nd Canadian Edition by Larry Siegel
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13 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Crime and Criminology
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Q1) According to Marxist tradition, what condition does an economic system which exhibits distinct class differences, support?
A)political corruption
B)corporate crime
C)high crime rate
D)domestic terrorism
Answer: C
Q2) Criminological research involves working closely with institutions and groups of people who can be significantly impacted by any reported findings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Convictions for criminal offences require that either mens rea or actus reus has been established.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Crime
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Q1) Canadian studies of youth have found increases in youth crime rates since the implementation of the YCJA.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Traditional theories of criminal behaviour have generally distinguished between chronic and occasional offenders.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which type of crime is rarely discussed with consensus among Canadians?
A)youth crime
B)firearms crime
C)mass murder
D)sexual assault
Answer: A
Q4) The data reported by the Uniform Crime Report surveys is noted for its accuracy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Victims and Victimization
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Q1) What is the effectiveness of block-watch programs in lowering crime rates?
A)They are more effective in urban centres, where there is greater population density than in smaller towns.
B)They tend not to exist in rural neighbourhoods where they are needed the most.
C)They are generally very effective and are welcome additions to any crime prevention strategy.
D)They are not generally effective, especially in the disrupted neighbourhoods which need the help the most.
Answer: D
Q2) Who is the least likely to be a victim of crime?
A)Jim, who has never been married
B)Tim, who was recently widowed after 37 years of marriage
C)Sue, who is engaged to be married after she graduates from university
D)Sara, who was recently divorced after 2 years of marriage
Answer: B
Q3) Victims reported that most crimes were committed by a single offender over age 18 years.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Choice Theory: Because They Want to
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Q1) Which statement summarizes a rational choice theorist's view of crime?
A)Crime occurs when values and beliefs are structured to include a criminal norm.
B)It is a matter of an offender being in the right place at the right time.
C)Crime occurs when an offender decides that the rewards outweigh the risks.
D)Criminals are born with the genetic predisposition toward deviance.
Q2) Discuss the possible problems and benefits facing the Canadian justice system as the current generation of baby boomers begins to age. What potential pitfalls may await the general public and what may be some of the consequences and outcomes for the justice system as a whole?
Q3) The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. Critique this theory. Do you agree with the basic premise of this theory? State why or why not.
Q4) Discuss drug use from the rational choice perspective.
Q5) Research indicates that the more prior incarceration experiences inmates have, the more likely they are to reoffend (and return to prison) within 12 months of their release.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Trait Theory: ITS in Their Blood
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Q1) What important assumption do trait theorists make?
A)Brain abnormalities are the predominant cause of criminal behaviour.
B)Behaviour is governed by parenting style during the first five years of life.
C)There is no one human characteristic which causes criminal behaviour.
D)Everyone is born with an equal potential to learn, achieve, and commit crime.
Q2) What does MBD stand for?
A)maximum brain dysfunction
B)minimal brain disorder
C)maximum brain disorder
D)minimal brain dysfunction
Q3) Biosocial theorists believe that people who are predisposed to crime may simply have more opportunities to commit illegal acts in the summer in Saskatoon and Winnipeg than in the winter in Kitchener and Trois-Rivières.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss what the research tells us about parental deviance, twin behaviour, and adoption studies.
Q5) Explain what the term information processing means and how it explains the occurrence of date rape.
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Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Q1) Sociologist Robert Merton applied the sociological concepts first identified by Emile Durkheim to criminology in his theory of anomie. Discuss this theory, and then evaluate it.
Q2) Which one of the following concepts is the centrepiece of Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin's theory that lower-class youths join gangs in order to belong and feel successful?
A)relative deprivation
B)differential association
C)differential opportunity
D)anomie
Q3) Robert Agnew's general strain theory suggests that there is more than one source of anomie.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Robert Merton's view of anomie has been one of the most enduring and influential theories of criminality.
A)True
B)False
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Socialization and Crime
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Q1) The Aboriginal Head Start program is an urban and northern communities project funded by Health Canada. Which of the following functions does it serve?
A)It provides breakfast to children who do not otherwise have three available meals.
B)It provides healthy socialization opportunities which lead to lower crime rates.
C)It provides an opportunity for parents to have a break from difficult children.
D)It enables young children to visit with their parents under the supervision of health-care workers.
Q2) There is little empirical evidence to show that negative labels dramatically influence the self-image of offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Labelling theory is one which provides for equal treatment of offenders across class and racial lines.
A)True
B)False
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9
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Q1) Postmodern theory shows how family structure, women's economic status, and gender inequality interact to produce male/female differences in the crime rate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Restorative justice is a healing process rather than a distributor of retribution and revenge.
A)True B)False
Q3) What is the primary goal of restorative justice?
A)to provide opportunities for sentencing aboriginal offenders in a separate criminal justice system
B)to remind those who work in the justice system that sentencing efforts must be proportionate and prompt
C)to provide an Aboriginal perspective within the criminal justice system
D)to reduce recidivism in the long term through connecting victims, offenders, and community members
Q4) Examine the critical viewpoint of mainstream criminologists regarding Marxist criminology. With which view do you agree? Explain your reasoning.
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Chapter 9: Integrated Theories: Things Change
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Q1) According to the general theory of crime, which of the following personality characteristics is the key crime-producing trait?
A)aggression
B)assertiveness
C)impulsivity
D)ignorance
Q2) The concept of latent traits is used to explain the flow of crime over the life cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The concept of problem behaviour syndrome suggests that criminality may be just one of a cluster of environmental, structural, and subcultural problems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Developmental theorists suggest that criminal behaviour is dependent on disruptions along the life course.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Present an overview of the integrated theories of crime.
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Chapter 10: Violent Crime
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Q1) Which term is used to refer to crimes that involve venting rage, anger, or frustration?
A)expressive violence
B)excessive violence
C)instrumental violence
D)institutional violence
Q2) What is the relationship between exposure to violence and an individual's use of violent responses?
A)There is a strong, positive correlation between the two factors.
B)The impact of exposure to violence has not been adequately explored yet.
C)Only about 10 percent of those exposed to violence will resort to violence themselves.
D)There is a strong, negative correlation between the two factors.
Q3) Most stranger homicides happen in conjunction with another crime.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss what the research tells us about the nature and extent of spousal abuse.
Q5) In 1983 the term sexual assault was replaced with various levels of rape.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Property Crimes
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Q1) Discuss the strategies and controls implemented in Canada in an attempt to eliminate or reduce shoplifting.
Q2) The need for money to buy drugs is a common motive for burglars.
A)True B)False
Q3) Discuss the nature and extent of the crime of break and enter in Canada and how burglars approach this job?
Q4) During the Middle Ages, thieves worked as pickpockets and forgers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The legal definition of burglary has undergone considerable change since its common-law origins. Discuss these changes.
Q6) Arson is a young man's crime.
A)True B)False
Q7) Criminologists view shoplifters as people who are likely to reform if apprehended. A)True B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: White: Collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) Criminals equipped the automated teller machines in some stores across Canada with tiny cameras to gain access to personal card information and pin numbers. Which of the following crimes were these individuals engaging in?
A)property fraud
B)securities fraud
C)bank fraud
D)consumer fraud
Q2) Which of the following involves illegal activities of people acknowledged purpose is profit through illegitimate business enterprise?
A)organized crime
B)restraint of trade
C)white-collar crime
D)embezzlement
Q3) Internet crimes are a new breed of white-collar crime. Discuss at least four of the common techniques used to commit Internet crime.
Q4) Discuss the alien conspiracy theory of organized crime. What are the critiques of this theory?
Q5) Describe Canadian efforts to control computer crime.
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Chapter 13: Public Order Crimes
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Q1) Canada's federal government introduced a bill in May 2003 that decriminalizes marijuana possession.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the role of lottery commissions in Ontario?
A)lobbying the government to reduce the use of lotteries across the province
B)designing new lotteries to be introduced for provincial revenue
C)regulation of all legitimate lotteries and distribution of income
D)meeting with young people to educate them on the dangers of gambling
Q3) There are indications that the DARE program is overwhelmingly successful.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the late 1980s, which group of Canadians was granted the right to operate casinos to create jobs and provide income for the community?
A)Lions Clubs
B)Big Brothers and Big Sisters
C)First Nations
D)Anglican Churches
Q5) Discuss what the research tells us about victimless crimes.
Q6) Briefly summarize Judge David McCombs ruling regarding child pornography.
Page 15
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