Crime and Society
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex relationship between crime and society, examining how social structures, cultural norms, and economic conditions influence criminal behavior and the perception of crime. Students will analyze various criminological theories, investigate the roles of social institutions such as the family, media, and law enforcement, and assess the impact of societal responses to crime. Through case studies and current events, the course fosters a critical understanding of how crime is defined, measured, and addressed within diverse communities.
Recommended Textbook
The American System of Criminal Justice 14th Edition by George F. Cole
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17 Chapters
1747 Verified Questions
1747 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime and Justice in America
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ crimes are committed in the context of a legal business or profession.
Answer: Occupational
Q2) A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes the adversarial process,the rights of defendants,and the formal decision-making procedures is called the ________ model.
A) crime control
B) due process
C) constitutional
D) democratic
Answer: B
Q3) The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture of the amount of crime because of the differences in the way that each measures crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The _________________________ measures crime using victim interviews.
Answer: National Crime Victimization Survey
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Victimization and Criminal Behavior
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If crime is learned behavior,then policies to promote stable families should exist.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following theories involves the use of criminal law to control society's poor and have-nots?
A) Social conflict
B) Learning
C) Social structure
D) Labeling
Answer: A
Q3) Compare and contrast two of the following three explanations for criminal behavior: Biological? Psychological? Sociological
Answer: Answers will vary according to choice.Students should be able to identify basic tenets of each theory chosen.
Q4) __________ criminology maintains that crimes result from rational choices. Answer: Neoclassical
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4
Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)________ occurs when the defense attorney and the prosecutor reach an agreement: The defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a reduction of charges or a lighter sentence.
Answer: plea bargain
Q2) Determine and explain what constitutes racial profiling.Give three examples of racial profiling.
Answer: Answers will vary,but students should explain that racial profiling occurs when a member of law enforcement singles out an individual based upon the individual's race or nationality.
Q3) The procedure by which an administrative record is made of the arrest is called a(n)____________________.
Answer: booking
Q4) Ethan agrees to a sentence of 18 months' probation.His sentence will be served under what agency of the criminal justice system?
A) Law enforcement
B) Courts
C) Corrections
D) Deferred prosecution
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rashaad killed his wife and friend by an act of commission.This is the
A) mens rea.
B) concurrence.
C) actus reus.
D) causation.
Q2) Which amendment protects privacy by barring unreasonable searches by police?
A) Third
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) Sixth
Q3) Which of the following landmark U.S.Supreme Court cases required courts to provide attorneys for poor defendants facing the death penalty?
A) Furman v. Georgia (1972)
B) Weeks v. United States (1914)
C) Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
D) Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Q4) All societies and cultures base their criminal law on the same principles.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The act of committing a crime is referred to as ____________________.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Police
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ style of police is marked by professionalism and an emphasis on law enforcement.
Q2) The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department from the political system.
Q3) There is significant evidence that minority citizens in the United States have less faith in the police than Caucasian citizens do.In your opinion,why do you think this difference has occurred?
Q4) Although Sarah has a great deal of discretion when on the scene of the crime,once she has filed charges,the _______ will decide whether to prosecute.
A) defense
B) prosecution
C) judge
D) jury
Q5) Laws regulating disorderly conduct deal with clear-cut situations.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Every state has its own law enforcement agency with __________.
Q7) Prior to 1970,domestic violence was viewed as a(n)____________________ affair.
Q8) What impact do budgetary constraints have on community policing?
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Chapter 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of women in the police force?
A) Women have been serving as police officers since the early 1800s.
B) The smaller the police department, the higher the proportion of women as sworn officers.
C) Women face no prejudice today in police work.
D) Women remain a minority in most police departments, and face a variety of challenges.
Q2) From the perspective of police officer roles and performance in fighting crime,what does the term "intelligence" mean? How have there been improvements in this area?
Q3) A system that assigns priorities to various calls for service is called
A) incident-driven policing.
B) clearance rate.
C) differential response.
D) line functions.
Q4) One important component of community policing is
A) reactive policing.
B) fast 911 response time.
C) problem solving.
D) crime control.
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Chapter 7: Policing: Contemporary Issues and Challenges
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ is information,collect and analyzed by law enforcement officials,concerning criminal activities and organizations such as gangs,drug traffickers,and organized crime.
Q2) The ____________ permits close control of off-duty work,because firms must apply to the department to have officers assigned to them.
Q3) What new technologies aid police in the role of monitoring and controlling movements of suspects and/or inmates?
Q4) What are technological advances that can be used as investigative tools for law enforcement agencies?
Q5) Police have not developed new weapons in over 50 years.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Looking only at victim statistics,police kill more young African American men than young Caucasian men.
A)True
B)False
Q7) An officer who lies,under oath,in order to provide an alibi for a fellow officer engaged in illegal activity is guilty of ____________________.
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Chapter 8: Police and Constitutional Law
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Police rarely use deception when interrogating a suspect.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not a factor in determining if suspicion exists to justify a search by a Custom and Border Patrol officer?
A) Behavioral analysis
B) Observational techniques
C) Native language
D) K-9 Unit
Q3) Officer Castro required that the car in question pull over.Typically,this could be considered a(n)
A) search.
B) seizure.
C) interrogation.
D) arrest.
Q4) During a traffic stop,officers can order passengers as well as the driver to exit the vehicle even if there is no basis for _______ that thepassengers engaged in any wrongdoing.
Q5) Explain the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule.
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Chapter 9: Courts and Pretrial Processes
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the main purpose of drug courts?
A) To mete out harsh punishments to drug offenders
B) To teach children about the dangers of drug use
C) To bring "drug kingpins" to trial
D) To help drug offenders overcome their addictions
Q2) Trial courts of limited jurisdiction have jurisdiction over all offenses,including felonies and appeals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Judge Brown spends significant time trying to work out plea agreements between prosecutors and defense attorneys.In this capacity,he works as a(n)
A) administrator.
B) negotiator.
C) adjudicator.
D) reconciler.
Q4) A(n)________ is a written order or summons,issued by a law enforcement officer,often directing an alleged offender to appear in court at a specified time to answer a criminal charge.
Q5) The ____________________ system involves an active judge.
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Chapter 10: Prosecution and Defense
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most cases involving plea bargains and dismissals,defense attorneys are more like a cooperating partner and less like an all-out adversary to a prosecutor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Assigned counsel are attorneys employed full time by the government to provide defense services to those offenders who cannot afford their own attorneys.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Prosecutors' _________ and interactions with police,victims,defense attorneys,judges,and the community form the core of the exchange relations that shape decision making in criminal cases.
A) relationships
B) cases
C) discretion
D) decisions
Q4) The U.S.Supreme Court has clearly defined the term "ineffective counsel."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Determination of Guilt: Plea Bargaining and Trials
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _________ is the missing actor in the courtroom's workgroup process that produces plea bargains.
A) suspect
B) crime victim
C) judge
D) probation officer
Q2) In North Carolina v.Alford (1970),the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that
A) when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled.
B) defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences.
C) a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by a defendant who maintains his or her innocence.
D) defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty.
Q3) Explain the appellate process within criminal courts.What are the judges searching for?Do witnesses testify?
Q4) Would a ban on plea bargaining improve the U.S.criminal justice system? Discuss why or why not.
Q5) Plea bargaining is also referred to as "copping out."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Punishment and Sentencing
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103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ are rigorous,military-style regimes for younger offenders designed to accelerate punishment while instilling discipline.
A) Day reporting centers
B) Prisons
C) Boot camps
D) Halfway houses
Q2) It is constitutional for states to execute persons under the age of 18.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sentencing guidelines provide additional discretion for judges in the sentencing process.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In recent years,dozens of people have been released from prison when their innocence was discovered through the use of
A) polygraph tests.
B) lie detector tests.
C) eye witness testimony.
D) DNA testing.
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Chapter 13: Corrections
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss two landmark cases in which constitutional rights were extended to prisoners? Do you think that prisoners have too many rights (after all,once incarcerated,you lose many rights along with your freedom)?
Q2) ____________________ is the formal government removal of an alien from the United States.
Q3) Which of the following is true in comparing federal prisoners with state prisoners?
A) Federal prisoners are more often violent offenders.
B) Federal prisoners are convicted for the same types of crimes as state prisoners.
C) Federal prisoners are less likely to be foreigners.
D) Federal prisoners are disproportionately comprised of drug offenders.
Q4) The ____________________ was created by Congress in 1930,and currently operates a system of prisons located throughout the nation.
Q5) Jodi is most likely serving her sentence in which of the following facilities?
A) State prison
B) Federal prison
C) Jail
D) Immigration court
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Chapter 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)__________ sentence requires the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community.
Q2) Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Judge Boylen required that the female offender pay money into the court system as a type of punishment.This type of punishment is known as A) bond.
B) bail.
C) restitution.
D) a fine.
Q4) Which of the following is true about boot camps?
A) They significantly reduce recidivism.
B) They help to reduce prison overcrowding.
C) Boot camp graduates are less likely to commit new crimes.
D) There are more boot camps running every year.
Q5) A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified periods is called __________________.
Q6) ________ is considered the first probation officer in the United States.
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Chapter 15: Incarceration and Prison Society
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In today's prison system,the ____________________ has the closest contact with prisoners.
Q2) Federal funding for inmates to obtain higher education has been cut drastically in the past few years.Critics of these programs claim that they take money away from noncriminal students who need funding; however,educational programs may help inmates from committing more crimes after release.Offer two examples of how this problem might be resolved.
Q3) During the 1960s and early 1970s,the ____________________ model was dominant.
Q4) What percentage of Warden Smith's inmates have a child at home?
A) 31%
B) 41%
C) 61%
D) 71%
Q5) Which of the following types of prison staff are the most numerous?
A) Wardens
B) Custodial employees
C) Investigators
D) Counselors
Q6) Most members of the public believe that prisons are run in a(n)____________________ manner.
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Chapter 16: Reentry Into the Community
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101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beth will serve some time in a transitional facility before she is released.Most likely,she will spend this time in a A) jail.
B) halfway house.
C) reformatory.
D) furlough.
Q2) All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A parolee's principal contact with the criminal justice system is through the ____________________.
Q4) The percentage of incarcerated drug offenders has increased significantly in the past 20 years.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Restrictions on parolees' conduct that are legally binding conditions are called ____________________.
Q6) If a parolee violates the conditions of his or her parole,parole may be
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Juvenile Justice
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under common law,children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of
A) 3.
B) 5.
C) 7.
D) 10.
Q2) According to a Justice Department survey,what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?
A) Alcohol
B) Poor quality of nutrition
C) Drugs
D) Crime
Q3) Based on information contained on the companion website,the juvenile system in Norway is identical to that in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The period in which juvenile rights were expanded was called the juvenile rights period.
A)True
B)False
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