Crime and Punishment
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Crime and Punishment is a critical examination of the concepts, causes, and consequences of crime, as well as the societal responses to criminal behavior. The course explores the development of laws, theories of criminality, types of crimes, and the evolution of punishment and correctional systems across different cultures and historical periods. Through analysis of case studies, philosophical debates, and legal principles, students will gain an understanding of how crime impacts individuals and society, the ethical dimensions of justice, and contemporary challenges in crime prevention and punishment.
Recommended Textbook
Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies 1st Edition by Stacy L. Mallicoat
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14 Chapters
997 Verified Questions
997 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the major differences between the middle layers of the wedding cake is whether the offense is violent in nature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Packer suggests that this model of justice resembles an obstacle course.
A) Crime control
B) Due process
C) Nonintervention
D) Restorative justice
Answer: B
Q3) Explain the due process model,and explain the reasoning behind one common critique of this model.
Answer: Key points should include that the due process model believes that the protection of individual rights and freedoms is of upmost importance.One major critique of this model is the belief that it is better for the guilty to go free than to risk incarcerating or executing the innocent.
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Chapter 2: Concepts of Law and Justice
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an individual argues,they are innocent of the crime because they were somewhere else entirely when the crime occurred,this is a classic Defense of Excuse.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) __________ refers to when someone is forced to violate the law out of fear for their own safety.
A) Duress
B) Entrapment
C) Necessity
D) Self-defense
Answer: A
Q3) As a burden of proof,clear and convincing evidence is enough to take your kids.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) What is case law?
Answer: Case law is created as a result of legal decisions by the court.These new interpretations of the law are called precedent.
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Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Across all three categories,________ data indicate that crime is generally 40% to 50% higher between noon and 11:59 pm compared to between midnight and 11:59 am.
A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) National Incident Based Reporting System
D) Monitoring the Future Survey
Answer: C
Q2) Compare and contrast self-reports and the NCVS.
Answer: NCVS looks at self-reported victimization and gets at the dark figure,asking if the victimization was reported and if not,why not.Self-report data also get at the dark figure but ask questions about a person's involvement in crime.Some self-report studies are national as well,though not all,and some are longitudinal and can speak to crime desistance too.
Q3) What does the UCR reveal about crime rates?
Answer: Violent crime rates have fallen 18.7% since 2003,and property offenses have declined as well.Robbery rates experienced the greatest reduction among the index offenses.
Q4) Provide two examples of crimes against the government.
Answer: Terrorism,treason,and espionage
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Chapter 4: Explanations of Criminal Behavior
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain Merton's five adaptations to strain.Provide one example of each.
Q2) This theory differs from others as it focuses on factors that prevent people from engaging in crime.
A) Differential association
B) Labeling
C) Social bond
D) Social disorganization
Q3) Developed by Howard Becker,this theory is based on the self-fulfilling prophecy.
A) Differential association
B) Labeling
C) Social bond
D) Social disorganization
Q4) What are the major contributions of Beccaria?
Q5) Explain how social bond theory differs from other criminological theories.
Q6) Explain what positivism is.
Q7) Feminist criminology rose as an alternative to many of the traditional theories of crime.
A)True
B)False
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Q8) Explain the major difference between micro- and macro-level theories on crime.
Chapter 5: Victims and the Criminal Justice System
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hans von Hentig's typology of victims looked at how personal factors,such as biological,psychological,and social factors,influence risk factors for victimization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) First passed in 1994,the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)provided victims of intimate partner violence (IPV)support through the allocation of federal funds for prosecuting offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the NCVS,what are the trends in victimization?
Q4) What rights do victims of crime have?
Q5) This established the Crime Victims Fund which,to date,has deposited almost 19 billion dollars.
A) Victim and Witness Protection Act
B) Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)
C) Crime Victims' Rights Act
D) Victims' Rights and Restitution Act
Q6) How does secondary victimization impact victims?
Q7) Should restorative justice be a greater part of the criminal justice system?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Criminal Justice Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the goal of criminal justice policy in most cases?
Q2) Describe a liberal correctional policy.Describe a conservative correctional policy.What makes the one liberal and the other conservative?
Q3) According to the text,policies can be particularly useful when there are high levels of
A) violence
B) discretion
C) crime
D) governmental control
Q4) List and briefly describe the stages of policy development.
Q5) How has the fear of crime influenced criminal policies? Provide an example.
Q6) What is the role of research in criminal justice policy?
Q7) Discuss the impact Willie Horton had and why.
Q8) The War on Drugs began when President Reagan declared the abuse of illegal drugs as "public enemy number one."
A)True
B)False
Q9) What role does this President of the United States have in making policy?
Page 8
Q10) Identify and describe the seven program fidelity factors.
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Chapter 7: Policing Organizations and Practices
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which primary function of Federal Law Enforcement represents the greatest amount of duties performed?
A) Police response and patrol
B) Security and protection
C) Criminal Investigation
D) Corrections and detention
Q2) SARA stands for scanning,analysis,response,and assessment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of these is not part of the process of predictive policing?
A) Police Response
B) Criminal Response
C) Police Operations
D) Intervention
Q4) The typical role of women hired by police agencies in the twentieth century included:
A) correctional.
B) investigative.
C) clerical.
D) social work.
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Chapter 8: Issues in Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The poison tree theory suggests that the corruption of a select few individuals can in turn shed a negative light on a department.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the five different types of force? Give an example of each.
Q3) _________ identified two categories of police corruption.
A) Ethical Challenges and Corruption Commission
B) Knack Commission
C) New York Corruption Commission
D) None of these
Q4) What is racial profiling?
Q5) What is one of the two categories of corruption that was identified by the Knapp Commission?
A) Grass-eaters
B) Plant-eaters
C) Animal-eaters
D) Leaf-eaters
Q6) Why is racial profiling a problem?
Q7) What are the major implications occupational stress has on the lives of police officers?
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Chapter 9: Courts and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Argue for the best method of selecting judges.Include two other methods of selecting state judges.
Q2) The first U.S.Supreme Court was established in 1789 with nine members: a Chief Justice and eight associate justices.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the three steps of the Missouri plan.
Q4) U.S.District Courts are courts of _________.
A) general jurisdiction
B) limited jurisdiction
C) appellate jurisdiction
D) none of these are correct
Q5) How is it that someone could get acquitted in criminal court but lose in civil court?
Q6) Which of the following is not an ancillary member of the court?
A) Bailiff
B) The clerk of the court
C) Court reporter
D) All of these are ancillary members
Q7) What is meant by a dual court system?
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Chapter 10: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ suggests that,if people fear the punishments that others receive,they will decide not to engage in similar acts as they do not want to risk the potential punishment for themselves.
A) General deterrence
B) Specific deterrence
C) Individual deterrence
D) Retributive deterrence
Q2) The concept of reformation focuses on reforming criminal behavior so that the offender does not need or want to engage in future acts of crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Argue for or against capital punishment.Select an opposing argument and counter that.
Q4) The theory of __________ argues that a punishment for a crime should be proportional or equal to the crime itself.
A) equal justice
B) parens patraie
C) just deserts
D) lex talionis
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Chapter 11: Prisons and Jails
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many correctional officers may feel stuck in their roles as they perform the same duties day in and day out.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most prisons are run by the ______ government.
A) federal
B) state
C) local
D) county
Q3) A _______ security-level prison is designed to house serious and violent offenders.Inmate movement and autonomy is significantly restricted,and inmates are often a risk to themselves,other inmates,and staff.
A) minimum
B) medium
C) maximum
D) supermax
Q4) What is racial disproportionality and how does it affect the correctional system?
Q5) Discuss the significance of PREA.
Q6) What are the characteristics of a minimum security prison?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Community Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) The passage of the __________ of 1984 abolished parole for Federal levels.
A) Federal Parole Reform Act
B) Sentencing Reform Act
C) Parole Abolishment Act
D) Community Corrections Reform Act
Q2) What is the presentence investigation report? What is its function?
Q3) Mandatory revocation of probation occurs in cases where an offender refuses to comply with drug testing or tests positive for a controlled substance three times within a year.
A)True
B)False
Q4) John Augustus is credited with the establishment of ______ in the United States.
A) probation
B) parole
C) diversion
D) electronic monitoring
Q5) What factors impact bail?
Q6) What is the significance of The Bail Reform Act of 1984?
Q7) Discuss the benefits of two forms of intermediate sanctions.
Q8) What is bail? Do you have a constitutional right to bail? Explain.
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how changes in the broader goals of punishment impacted the juvenile justice system.
Q2) In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles cannot be tried for the same case in both the juvenile court and the criminal court.
A) Breed v. Jones
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama
Q3) Define and provide one example of a status offense.
Q4) Explain the differences between the different types of juvenile waivers.
Q5) Explain the background and significance of In re Winship (1970).
Q6) If a youth is adjudicated delinquent,the court holds an adjudicatory hearing to determine the plan of action for the case.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Explain the background and significance of McKiever v.Pennsylvania (1971).
Q8) The first juvenile court was established in New York in 1899.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Emerging Issues for the 21st Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) In June 2015,the Senate passed the USA Freedom Act which ended a key controversial provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act by changing the way that phone data are collected by authorities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What makes terrorism different from other crimes is that it is often linked to a political agenda.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a component of drug trafficking?
A) Cultivation
B) Manufacturing
C) Distribution
D) All of these
Q4) The acts of Ted Kaczynski (aka The Unabomber)is one example of _________.
A) international terrorism
B) domestic terrorism
C) state-sponsored terrorism
D) cyberterrorism
Q5) Define and provide one example of state-sponsored terrorism.
Page 16
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