Crime and Justice in America
Test Questions
Course Introduction
Crime and Justice in America explores the complex nature of crime within the United States, examining its causes, patterns, and impacts on diverse communities. The course surveys the evolution of the American criminal justice system, including law enforcement practices, the court system, corrections, and juvenile justice. Students analyze how social, economic, and political factors influence crime rates and criminal justice policies, and they engage with contemporary debates surrounding issues such as policing, incarceration, racial disparities, victims rights, and reform movements. Through case studies, theoretical perspectives, and current events, the course encourages critical thinking about justice, equity, and the ongoing challenge of balancing public safety with civil liberties.
Recommended Textbook
Policing America Challenges and Best Practices 8th Edition by Ken J. Peak
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14 Chapters
995 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History: From English Origins to the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike the London police,police in New York were permitted to have __________.
Answer: weapons/arms
Q2) Two reasons for the scarcity of studies into police functions and methods prior to the1960s were:
A) police resistance to outside scrutiny, and the view that traditional methods worked well
B) a belief that they had already been over-studied, and disagreement over research methods
C) the fact that crimes were decreasing, and the influence of police unions
D) None of the above
Answer: A
Q3) The ____________ completed the first national study of crime and criminal justice.
Answer: Wickersham
Q4) Which of the three eras of policing emphasized crime control and preventive patrol?
A) The political era
B) The reform era
C) The community era
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Preparing for the Street: Recruitment, Training, and Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the past,formal barriers such as height requirements were obstacles to the hiring of women.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) To reduce vulnerability to lawsuits,police executives need to select a truly job-related _________.
A) polygraph exam
B) drug screening procedure
C) physical agility test
D) character investigation
Answer: C
Q3) Explain Broderick's four types of police personalities.
Answer: Will vary
Answers should discuss the main characteristics of each of Broderick's four types of police personalities:
-Enforcers
-Idealists
-Realists
-Optimists
Page 4
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Chapter 3: On Patrol: Methods and Menaces
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Sample Questions
Q1) The extent of suicide-by-cop incidents remains unknown because:
A) there is a lack of a clear definition and established reporting procedures
B) there have been no reported incidents of suicide by cop in recent years, so no data is being collected
C) police departments reclassify these events as homicides.
D) there is a lack of a clear definition and established reporting procedures, and there have been no reported incidents of suicide by cop in recent years, so no data is being collected
Answer: B
Q2) Review what is meant by discretionary use of police authority,including its advantages and disadvantages.
Answer: Will vary
Answers should explain police discretion,including the decision whether to intervene and how to intervene,and explain the pros and cons of allowing patrol officers to make discretionary decisions.
Q3) Much of what a patrol officer deals with is not related to serious crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) CompStat was designed for the collection and feedback of information on crime.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Under the problem analysis triangle,the three elements must be present before a crime can occur are:
A) an offender, a victim, and a location
B) an offender, a victim, and perfect timing
C) a victim, a criminal, and a problem
D) a blasé police force, luck, and desire
Q3) ______________ is the heart of the problem-solving process.
A) Response
B) Analysis
C) Assessment
D) Approach
Q4) Which of the following statements about smart policing is true?
A)Smart policing involves a specific policing model designed to reduce crime.
B)Smart policing involves a partnership between police and criminal justice researchers.
C)Smart policing encourages the use of traditional methods of policing.
D)Reactive response to calls for service is a key element of smart policing.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Criminal Investigation: The Science of Sleuthing
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Criminalistics" is one branch of:
A) criminal investigation
B) dactylography
C) forensic entomology
D) forensic science.
Q2) Anthropometry was developed by Sir Francis Galton.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When prioritizing cold cases,those given the highest priority are cases in which there is an identified homicide victim.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ______ is the most popular breed of police dog.
Q5) The Bertillon system was eventually abandoned in favor of _____________.
Q6) Forensic science is the examination,evaluation,and explanation of in law.
A) fingerprints
B) physical evidence
C) crimes
D) corpses
Q7) Explain the types of information that can be provided by physical evidence.
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Chapter 6: Personnel Issues and Practices: Stress, labor
Relations, higher Education, and Private Police
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most severe job action is the _____________.
Q2) Studies have shown that private security personnel are often recruited among persons with minimal education and training.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mediation occurs when a third party comes in to help the adversaries with the negotiations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the four types of job action and the possible effects each can have.
Q5) The first campaign to organize police unions began shortly after ___________.
A) the Civil War
B) World War I
C) the Rodney King incident
D) 9/11
Q6) Explain the Fair Labor Standards Act and how it has affected policing.
Q7) ________ includes officers' employment rights,unionization,and collective bargaining.
Q8) Unlike the public police,private security officers are not bound by the ____________ decision. Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Rule of Law: Expounding the Constitution
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the case of In Re Winship,the Court held that the ___________ standard of proof was to be used in the juvenile courts.
Q2) Attaching a __________ device to a suspect's vehicle without a search warrant is a violation of the Constitution.
Q3) According to the Supreme Court,what conditions are required for an officer to search objects belonging to a passenger in a vehicle?
A) The only requirement is that the officer has probable cause to search the vehicle.
B) The officer must have probable cause to search the vehicle, and the item the officer is looking for must be able to fit in the objects being searched.
C) The officer must have probable cause to search the vehicle, and the search must be incident to a drug-related investigation.
D) The officer must have probable cause to search the vehicle, and the objects being searched must belong to the driver of the vehicle.
Q4) The Supreme Court has ruled that the ?????______________ warning does not need to be given verbatim.
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Chapter 8: Accountability: Ethics, use of Force, corruption, and Discipline
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain five of the areas (e.g.,residency,moonlighting)in which the police-by virtue of the higher standards of conduct placed on them by society-have constitutional limitations placed on their actions.
Q2) Noble cause corruption stems from Packer's ___________ orientation.
Q3) Which of the following prohibits religious discrimination in employment?
A) Fair Labor Standards Act
B) 42 U.S.C. 1983
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII
D) Equal Pay Act
Q4) The environmental theory explains police corruption by suggesting it is the result of a small number of corrupt officers who probably had character defects prior to being hired.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the U.S.Supreme Court's rulings on drug testing for law enforcement personnel.
Q6) ________ drug corruption occurs when officers try to use their position for personal gain.
Page 11
Q7) In the case of Tennessee v.Garner,the Supreme Court reversed the _____________ rule.
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Chapter 9: Civil Liability: Failing the Public Trust
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case of Pearson v.Callahan placed significant limitations on when police officers have qualified immunity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Improper training may be the basis for Section 1983 lawsuit claiming negligence by police supervisors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Proximate cause may be found in such cases as where an officer:
A) gives evidence in court that ultimately results in a conviction
B) fails to arrest an individual after determining he is driving while under the influence of alcohol
C) receives a call for service regarding a violent crime in progress but fails to arrive until after a citizen has been injured
D) Proximate cause is present in all of the above.
Q4) List and define the three categories of torts that cover most lawsuits filed against criminal justice practitioners.
Q5) Define what is meant by a "frivolous" lawsuit.
Q6) Civil litigation is expensive in terms of both money and officer _________.
Page 13
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Chapter 10: Federal and State Agencies: Protecting Our
Borders and Freedom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a major function of the United States Marshals Service?
A) Protecting the courts
B) Protecting witnesses
C) Protecting judges
D) Protecting the president
Q2) Which recommendation is not put forth by Interpol for nations to follow to realize success?
A) Pass laws specifying the offense is a crime.
B) Prosecute offenders and cooperate in other countries' prosecutions.
C) Resolve disputes between countries involving political, racial, or religious matters.
D) Furnish Interpol with and exchange information about crime and its perpetrators.
Q3) A primary duty of the U.S.Secret Service is the prevention of presidential assassination.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the agencies contained with the Department of Homeland Security,including their roles and functions?
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Chapter 11: Municipal and County Agencies: Organization, administration, and Roles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consolidation involves merging several police departments together for improved efficiency and effectiveness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Staff and auxiliary services comprise the "non-line elements" in a basic police organizational structure.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Traditionally,the job tenure of police chiefs has been:
A) long, about 10 years
B) short, about 5.5 years
C) said to be "stormy"
D) proportionate to chiefs' burnout
Q4) Middle management can reduce the effectiveness of a police agency if it serves as a barrier between top administrators and operational personnel.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ____________ consolidation occurs when two or more agencies combine certain units,such as records or a jail.
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Sample Questions
Q1) The key element of the LCN code of honor is _________.
Q2) A ________________ is a court-ordered instrument that is used for things like barring bar gang members from gathering in specified public areas,driving through certain neighborhoods,or making certain hand gestures.
Q3) Which of the following statements about RICO is false?
A) Under RICO, it is a separate crime to belong to an enterprise involved in a pattern of racketeering.
B) RICO defines racketeering very broadly.
C) RICO is probably the single most important piece of legislation ever enacted against organized crime.
D) RICO has led to the expansion of omerta among members of organized crime groups.
Q4) Police gang units can use civil injunctions to deal with criminal-related gang problems.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The __________ function of ICS involves the collection,evaluation,and dissemination of incident situation information and intelligence.
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Chapter 13: Addressing People Problems: Immigrants, youth
Crimes, hate Crimes, the Mentally Ill, and Homeless
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ have been granted the right to live in the United States permanently and are issued "green cards."
Q2) Currently,about _________ illegal aliens live in the United States.
A) 2.5 million
B) 6 million
C) 11.5 million
D) 20 million
Q3) How could community policing tactics be applied to the problem of hate crimes?
Q4) Critics have condemned Arizona's "show me your papers" law because:
A) it forces the police to wait for federal authorities before enforcing the law
B) it exposes the police to lawsuits if they fail to enforce the law
C) it creates an increased risk of injury to police officers
D) it may encourage racial profiling by the police
Q5) Customs and Border Protection uses unmanned ________________ to patrol the borders.
Q6) The large number of homeless persons who are military veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars has been attributed to __________ and ______________.
Page 17
Q7) The Memphis Crisis Intervention Team program was created to handle ________ crisis events.
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Chapter 14: Technology Review: Uses the Good, concerns the Bad, and Legislation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Geographic profiling is most effective when used in conjunction with linkage analysis. A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss the pros and cons of using unmanned aerial vehicles for law enforcement and explain whether police should be permitted to use UAVs.
Q3) Devices that disrupt a vehicle's ignition system can increase the need for high-speed pursuits.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the steps in the "kill chain" and the best way to prevent these attacks.
Q5) Crime mapping requires access to expensive hardware and software and is not yet within the reach of most police departments.
A)True
B)False
Q6) __________ allows fingerprint data to be rapidly shared among law enforcement agencies.
Q7) TASER International,Inc.encourages law enforcement officers to avoid aiming the TASER at the _______.
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