Crime and Deviance Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the sociological concepts of crime and deviance by examining how societies define, react to, and seek to control behaviors that deviate from social norms. Students will analyze key theoretical perspectives on the causes of crime and deviant behavior, including structural, cultural, and interactionist approaches. Through the study of case studies and empirical data, the course also addresses issues such as the role of law enforcement, the impact of social inequality, media representations of crime, and the effectiveness of criminal justice policies. By the end of the course, students will have a nuanced understanding of how crime and deviance are socially constructed and the implications for individuals and communities.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Criminology Today Theories and Applications 5th Canadian by Frank Schmalleger
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12 Chapters
685 Verified Questions
685 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Criminology?
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Society's less formal contributions to crime arise out of generic social practices and conditions such as poverty, poor and informal education, various forms of discrimination by which pathways to success are blocked, and the socialization process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) According to the theory building process elaborated upon in the text, the collection and analysis of data occurs because the ____________________.
A) Theory-based social policy has been enacted
B) Theory is proposed
C) hypothesis is being tested
D) social problems perspective states that it must be so
E) social responsibility perspective states that this cannot occur earlier
Answer: C
Q3) Socialization has very little to do with crime causation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Crime Statistics
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to published highlights of the 2011 UCR, police-reported youth crime also dropped in 2011.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The equation to calculate a crime rate includes the number of reported crimes in the numerator.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Because UCR data are based upon ________ crimes, the system has been criticized for underestimating the true incidence of criminal activity within the Canadaa measurement that would also include unreported crimes.
A) selected
B) violent
C) property
D) reported
E) unreported
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Patterns of Crime
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58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Statistics for robbery in 2008 indicate that robberies without a weapon accounted for more than half (57 percent) of all incidents.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In 2011, homicides (598) and attempted murders (655) accounted for less than ________ percent of all violent crimes committed in Canada.
A) 0.5
B) 1
C) 5
D) 10
E) 15
Answer: A
Q3) Online stalkers, or cyberstalkers, can be charged under the criminal harassment provision of the Criminal Code.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Victimology: The Study of the Victim
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Sample Questions
Q1) Manitoba was the first province to place principles from the United Nations' Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuses of Power into provincial law.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The responsibility for requesting restitution lies solely with the victim.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Victimogenesis referes to the contribution to victimization made by the background of the victim.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________, a Canadian criminologist, has integrated the lifestyle/opportunity theories into a comprehensive scheme.
A) Ezzat Fattah
B) Albert Cohen
C) Irvin Waller
D) Herbert Parker
E) Kent Roach
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Chapter 5: Classical and Neoclassical Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cases of Guy Paul Morin and Steven Truscott are two examples of
A) Recidivism rate
B) Recidivism
C) Incapacitation
D) Retribution
E) Wrongful conviction
Q2) According to the Classical School of criminological thought, certain key rights of individuals are inherent in the nature of things, and governments should contravene those rights in order to protect the sanctity and validity of the government's right to take away the rights of all individuals and any given point in time.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The principle of punishment states that an accused should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the difference between a mala in se offence and a mala prohibita offence ?
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Chapter 6: Biological Roots of Criminal Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Atavism refers to the belief that criminals are physiological throwbacks to earlier stages of human evolution.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Edward O. Wilson developed the concept of sociobiology.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hypoglycemia is a medical condition characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A "supermale" has been defined as a male individual displaying the XYY chromosomal structure.
A)True
B)False
Q5) To date, nearly 200 studies exist researching the "supermale" phenomenon or the XYY supermale. Although not all researchers agree, taken as a group these studies tend to show that supermales have what five common characteristics?
Q6) What are the two central principles upon which positivism is built?
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Chapter 7: Psychological and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychological profiling is based on the belief that almost any form of conscious behaviour (including behaviour engaged in by the offender during a criminal episode) is symptomatic of an individual's personality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Individuals with ________ personality are said to be basically unsocialized and whose behaviour pattern brings him or her into repeated conflict with society.
A) an antisocial or asocial
B) a schizophrenic or paranoid schizophrenic
C) a sociopathic or psychopathic
D) an antisocial or paranoid schizophrenic
E) a compulsive or obsessive compulsive
Q3) According to Freud, the prerequisite motivation to become murderers, sexual aggressors, and thieves lies within the ego of every person.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly distinguish between the concepts of id, ego, and superego.
Q5) Briefly elaborate upon the use of and advantage of psychological profiling.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Meaning of Crime: Social Structure Perspective
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ emphasizes the importance of geographic location and architectural features as they are associated with the prevalence of victimization.
A) Social disorganization
B) Criminology of place
C) Opportunity structure
D) Subcultural theory
E) Ecological theory
Q2) According to Walter Miller, fate is related to the quest for excitement and to the concept of luck or of being lucky.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The broken window thesis is a perspective on crime that holds that physical deterioration in an area leads to increased concerns for personal safety among area residents and to higher crime rates in that area.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Robert Agnew's General Strain Theory (GST), what must others do in order for strain to occur?.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Meaning of Crime: Social Process Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ is a term that defines efforts of a particular interest group to have its sense of propriety enacted into law.
A) Reintegrative shaming
B) Secondary deviance
C) Primary deviance
D) Tagging
E) Moral enterprise
Q2) Differential association theory was developed by ________.
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Robert Agnew
D) Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck
E) Edwin Lemert
Q3) Social process theories are most closely associated with a biological predisposition appraoch to understanding criminal behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List and briefly elaborate upon Sykes and Matza's five types of justification for techniques of neutralization.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Meaning of Crime: Social Conflict Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proletariat refers to those persons who are relatively uneducated and who are without power.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One criticism of ___________________ is that predicted increases in female crime rates have failed to materialize as social opportunities available to both genders have become more balanced.
A) Peacemaking criminology
B) Restorative justice
C) Socialization
D) Feminist criminology
E) Family-Group conferencing
Q3) ________ criminology believes that in order to reduce crime, crime-control agencies and citizens must work together to alleviate social problems.
A) Peacemaking
B) Feminist
C) Realist
D) Marxist
E) Radical
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Criminology and Social Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design is an example of a ________ strategy.
A) nurturant
B) deterrence
C) public health
D) protection/avoidance
E) social epidemiology
Q2) The National Crime Prevention Strategy is emblematic of a deterrence strategy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "Natural access control" refers to ________.
A) keeping potential intruders under observation
B) using gates and locks to deny access to a site
C) extending the sphere of influence through physical design
D) decreasing the opportunity for crime
E) providing common spaces for interaction
Q4) Public policy may be defined as government formulated directives made on behalf of the public good to solve a problem or achieve an end.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Future Directions and Emerging Trends
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Sample Questions
Q1) Canada has been operating expedited traveller systems for the last decade, first with the CANPASS border clearance system and more recently with the ________ system for travellers into both Canada and the United States.
A) NextPass
B) CanPort
C) NEXUS
D) NextStop
E) CANUS
Q2) According to Richter H. Moore, Jr., within a few decades, "criminal organizations will be able to afford ______________________."
A) biometric iris scanners
B) global storefront operations
C) their own satellites
D) enculturalization
E) new computers
Q3) Futurist criminology involves the study of likely futures as they relate to crime and its control.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14