Crime and Criminal Behavior
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the nature, causes, and patterns of crime and criminal behavior within society. Students will examine criminological theories, types of crime, criminal typologies, and the social, psychological, and economic factors influencing criminal activity. The course delves into the measurement of crime, the impact of crime on victims and communities, and the responses of the criminal justice system. Special emphasis is placed on understanding both individual and group criminal behaviors as well as the roles culture, media, and policy play in shaping perceptions and realities of crime.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology A Canadian Perspective 7th Edition by Rick Linden
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17 Chapters
316 Verified Questions
316 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime, Criminals, and Criminology
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A belief that law represents the agreement by most people in a society that certain acts are crimes is associated with
A) the conflict perspective
B) the consensus perspective
C) both
D) neither
Answer: B
Q2) All of the following are new branches of criminology except one. Which is the exceptio?
A) Terrorism studies
B) Crimes against human rights
C) Green criminology
D) Genocide studies
Answer: B
Q3) We look at ______________________ by examining the criminal justice system.
A) Society's reaction to crime
B) The causation of crime
C) The social distribution of crime
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Origins and Role of Law in Society
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of dispute settlement mechanism involves a third party or Elders' council who have the authority to reach a decision among the parties involved in the dispute?
A) the chieftainship system
B) the self or kin based system
C) the advisor system
D) the mediator system
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following terms is most descriptive of Aboriginal perspectives on justice?
A) retributive
B) restorative
C) rule of law
D) impartial
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Criminal Law
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19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,the current test for provocation as a defence against criminal charges is
A) an objective test
B) a subjective test
C) somewhere between an objective and subjective test
D) objective for indictable offences, subjective for summary offences
Answer: C
Q2) All of the following crimes require proof of objective mens rea except one. Which is the exception?
A) murder
B) dangerous driving
C) assault causing bodily harm
D) criminal negligence causing death or bodily harm
Answer: A
Q3) The minimum number of people who can be charged with conspiracy in Canada is
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Counting Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Counting offences,suspects,inmates,or charges is a reference to:
A) levels of aggregation
B) administrative records
C) units of count
D) counting procedures
Q2) The census metropolitan area in Canada that hadd the highest crime rate and the highest Crime Severity Index in 2010 was :
A) Regina
B) Halifax
C) Toronto
D) Ottawa
Q3) The official crime rate in Canada is expressed as the amount of crime per
A) 100 persons in the population
B) 1000 persons in the population
C) 100,000 persons in the population
D) 1 million persons in the population
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Chapter 5: Correlates of Criminal Behaviour
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21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following provides the basis of a structural explanation of Aboriginal criminal behaviour?
A) Aboriginals lack of middle class values held by the dominant White society
B) Aboriginals experience more unemployment than the dominant society
C) sharing rather than private ownership is central to Aboriginal society
D) Aboriginal peoples experience the court system differently from non-Aboriginals
Q2) A _____________ is a relationship that exists when two or more variables are associated.
A) Correlation
B) Theory
C) Hypothesesy
D) Causal linkage
Q3) Canadian self-report research found that __________________ tended to diminish with increasing age,while ________________ increased.
A) General delinquency; murder and assault charges
B) Murder and assault charges; general delinquency
C) Drug and status offences; serious delinquency
D) Serious delinquency ; drug and status offences
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Chapter 6: Feminism and Criminology
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The women's liberation thesis on crime is that:
A) different crime rates for men and women are biologically caused
B) women commit more crime than is recorded
C) women commit less crime than is recorded
D) greater gender equality will increase the rate of crime by women
Q2) In the liberal approach,the finding that women are more likely to be charged with shoplifting offences was explained with reference to their
A) biological makeup.
B) domestic instincts.
C) gender roles and socialization.
D) economic status.
Q3) Which of the following ideas or concepts is associated with feminist criminology?
A) atavism
B) cultural construction of rape
C) social Darwinism
D) biological determinism
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Chapter 7: Victimology, victim Services, and Victim Rights in Canada
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which Canadian city has been at the forefront of services for victims of domestic violence?
A) Edmonton
B) Saskatoon
C) Toronto
D) London, Ontario
Q2) Which province was the first to provide compensation for victims of violent crime?
A) Nova Scotia
B) Saskatchewan
C) Quebec
D) Ontario
Q3) How many of the six principles set out in the Ontario Police Services Act that structure 911 calls deal with victims of crime?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 3
D) 5
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Theories of Criminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The policies in North America which led to the institutionalization of the "mentally retarded" and often to forced sterilization,were based on theories of:
A) atavism
B) XYY chromosones
C) body type
D) heredity
Q2) _______________________ established the first intelligence test in France.
A) Goddard
B) Binet-Simon
C) Beccaria
D) Lombrososw
Q3) The Statistical School is important because:
A) it deals with individual offenders and not crime rates
B) it is an important expression of the Classical School
C) it emphasizes the psychological causes of crime
D) it focuses on structural features of society
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Chapter 9: Psychological Perspectives on Criminality
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Sample Questions
Q1) This is the perspective that analyses social problems,including crime,as largely a product of organizational and institutional characteristics of society.
A) Psychoanalytic theory
B) Operant conditioning
C) Community psychology
D) Corrections psychology
Q2) Psychological theories of crime usually assume that:
A) behaviour is shaped by class and gender relations
B) genetic influence is greater than environmental influence
C) offenders have special traits and deficits
D) all criminal behaviour is curable
Q3) The idea that criminal behaviour is caused by arrested or incomplete emotional development is linked to:
A) a corrections orientation
B) high rates of recidivism
C) psychoanalytical theory
D) community psychology
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11
Chapter 10: Strain Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cloward and Ohlin go beyond Merton by realizing that:
A) there are different types of illegitimate opportunities
B) there are different types of legitimate opportunities
C) there is no consensus on success in American society
D) the middle-class measuring rod works against many lower-class students
Q2) Which of the following is the strongest criticism of strain theory?
A) it does not explain women's lower crime rates
B) it neglects differing illegitimate opportunities
C) it focuses only on the lower class
D) it only applies to North America
Q3) Braithwaite's research supports the notion that:
A) school failure increases the likelihood of delinquency
B) poverty causes crime
C) spatial mixing of economic classes reduces crime
D) deterrence works
Q4) The condition known as microanomie is where an individual
A) places more value on self-interest than on collective values.
B) places less value on self-interest than on collective values.
C) places equal value on self-interest and collective values.
D) places interest in other peoples values and not their own.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Conflict Theories
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21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Marxist-influenced criminology is likely to claim that:
A) law reflects cultural agreement
B) state authorities are more impartial than private authorities
C) laws are shaped by the class relations of the society
D) law is unnecessary in a socialist society
Q2) An investigation of crime and criminalization from the perspective of disadvantaged groups is associated with:
A) instrumentalist Marxism
B) structuralist Marxism
C) Weberian conflict theory
D) left realism
Q3) Feminism and Marxism are:
A) cultural conflict theories
B) gender- and class-based conflict theories
C) consensus theories
D) phenomenological theories
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13
Chapter 12: Contemporary Critical Criminology
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome is
A) Surveillance
B) Discipline
C) Micro powers
D) Duress
Q2) A methodological requirement that researchers immerse themselves in,where crime occurs in everyday world in order to better understand the ways in which crime is experience and interpreted by individuals is
A) soft city
B) risk
C) attentive gaze
D) adrenaline
Q3) Which of the following refers to the ways in which the ghetto is marked by a stigma that automatically devalues its residents by dint of their association with this neighbourhood.
A) Negative social capital
B) Negative symbolic capital
C) Feel for the game
D) Social capital
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Interactionist Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) The claim that it is legitimate to steal from food stores because they make excessive profits is an example of:
A) mercantilism
B) strain theory
C) drift
D) moral rhetoric
Q2) Secondary deviation occurs when an individual
A) commits deviant acts but does not adopt a primary self-identity as a deviant.
B) does not commit deviant acts but is viewed by authorities to have done so.
C) accepts the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity that confirms the deviant lifestyle.
D) does not accept the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity but conforms to a deviant lifestyle.
Q3) Which of the following is most closely associated with the interactionist perspective?
A) instrumentalist Marxism
B) differential association
C) operant conditioning
D) moral development
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15
Chapter 14: Social Control Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to studies cited in the text,children who were exposed to hostile or ineffective parenting in both the 1994 and the 1996 survey periods were ___ more likely to have behavioural problems than were children who were not exposed to these parenting styles
A) two times.
B) three times.
C) five times.
D) nine.
Q2) If unemployment causes an increase in crime,unemployment is a(n)_________ variable.
A) dependent
B) independent
C) control
D) intervening
Q3) The "general theory of crime" (Gottfredson and Hirschi)argues that some people lack self-control because of:
A) poor or weak childhood socialization
B) anomie
C) strong unconventional bonds
D) differential association
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Chapter 15: Deterrence, routine Activity, and Rational
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "three strikes and you're out" law in California
A) mandates three years in prison for every felony you commit
B) mandates three extra years in prison for every felony you commit
C) mandates a life sentence for a third felony conviction
D) mandates a life sentence without parole possibility for 25 years for a third felony conviction
Q2) Which factor is taken for granted in their routine activities approach?
A) a motivated offender
B) police availability
C) a suitable target
D) lack of effective guardianship
Q3) Which of the following most closely resembles a Head Start program?
A) the Perry Preschool Project
B) The Winnipeg Auto Theft Suppression Strategy
C) Project Hope
D) Operation Ceasefire
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17
Chapter 16: Organized Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following positions was lowest in the Italian-American mafia hierarchy described in the bureaucratic/hierarchical model of the structure of organized crime?
A) capo
B) lieutenants
C) soldiers
D) hangers-on
Q2) The only organized criminal group that is not based on ethnic ties are the
A) Russian Mafia
B) Chinese Triads
C) Canadian-based Mafia groups
D) Outlaw Motorcycle gangs
Q3) Which of the following did the Cali Cartel from Colombia use to insulate upper echelons from enforcement and prosecution?
A) having associates not part of the cartel do much of the illegal activity
B) instituting a code of silence
C) moving leadership to different countries
D) having offenders in one cell not knowing who was in other cells
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Chapter 17: Corporate and White-Collar Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of an occupational crime is
A) following orders from your place of employment to dump toxic wastes in the river.
B) not honouring repair and warranty contracts for items sold at your store.
C) not scanning items purchased by members of your family cashing out at your cash register.
D) death or accidents resulting from the employee carelessness.
Q2) The concept of a "juristic person" refers to:
A) equality before the law
B) the concept of intention or mens rea
C) judges and other members of the court
D) the legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals
Q3) Reasons (1981)estimated that about ________of all workplace accidents are due to illegal working conditions.
A) one in ten
B) one in five
C) one in three
D) one in two
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