Courts and Criminal Justice Review
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Course Introduction
This course examines the pivotal role of courts within the criminal justice system, focusing on the structure, functions, and processes of criminal courts at various levels. Students explore the interplay between key actors including judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and defendants and analyze how cases move from arrest to adjudication. Topics include the rights of the accused, plea bargaining, jury selection, sentencing, and the broader impact of court decisions on society and public policy. The course also addresses contemporary challenges such as court backlogs, disparities in sentencing, and reforms aimed at promoting fairness and efficiency within the justice system.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Justice 5th Edition by Jay
S. Albanese
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15 Chapters
836 Verified Questions
836 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Perspectives on Criminal Justice
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53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term 'appellate jurisdiction' refers to the jurisdiction of courts that review specific legal issues raised in trial courts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The jurisdiction of courts that have narrow legal authority over specific types of matters (e.g.surrogate court,tax court)is called __________.
A)crime control model
B)due process model
C)limited jurisdiction
D)general jurisdiction
Answer: C
Q3) 'Probation' is a system under which a person convicted of a crime serves a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Defining and Analyzing Crime
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mala prohibita offenses are acts that are considered evil in themselves (e.g. ,assault and theft).
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) When does deviant behavior become criminal behavior?
Answer: -Deviance becomes crime when laws are passed or courts apply existing laws that make a social norm into a legal norm by allowing the government to sanction the behavior.
Q3) __________ are victims of violent crime at higher rates than any other race.
A)Whites
B)Blacks
C)Asians
D)Native Americans
Answer: B
Q4) The ___________ is a perspective in criminology that sees crime as resulting from the conscious exercise of an individual's free will.
Answer: classical school
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Chapter 3: Criminal Law and the Criminal Justice Process
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution states that a person shall not be compelled to be a witness against oneself.
A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth
Answer: B
Q2) The ______ Amendment of the United States Constitution states that cruel and unusual punishments shall not be inflicted.
A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth
Answer: C
Q3) The term __________ refers to an ongoing pattern of severe physical abuse that constitutes a continual threat of harm
Answer: battered woman syndrome
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Chapter 4: Origins and Organization of Law Enforcement
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53 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 'watch and ward system' was one established in England in 1285 to aid constables in their law enforcement efforts.Men from each town were required to take turns standing watch at night and crime suspects were turned over to the constable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________ primarily enforce applicable state laws,but they also enforce local ordinances and traffic laws and investigate accidents and suspected crimes.Sheriffs provide police protection and investigate crimes in jurisdictions within their county that lack their own police forces;they also serve court papers,maintain order in courtrooms,and operate county jail facilities.
Q3) Police selection processes vary among police departments,but most agencies require applicants to pass a written test,physical agility test,drug test,medical exam (including visual and hearing test),oral interview,psychological assessment,polygraph test,and background investigation.Can you think of any additional requirements that jurisdictions utilize in their hiring process?
Q4) A system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain during the Middle Ages,in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors was called a(n)___________.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Criminal Procedure and the Police
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 'exclusionary rule' holds that illegally seized evidence must be excluded from trials.Searches conducted without probable cause (or without a warrant where one is required)are illegal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A situation in which a police officer has good reason to believe that criminal activity may be occurring is called a(n)__________.This permits a brief investigative inquiry of the suspect.
A)reasonable suspicion
B)exclusionary rule
C)good faith exception
D)public safety exception
Q3) The Supreme Court has held that when __________ is the result of a conscious or deliberate choice,police may be held liable for civil damages.
A)poor training
B)an officer-involved shooting
C)attending the police academy
D)None of the above
Q4) What protections are provided by the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution?
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Chapter 6: Issues in Law Enforcement and Police Behavior
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53 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) If corruption in a particular department involves only a few officers,several control strategies may be appropriate.Examples include closely monitoring complaints against the police,making all police hirings and dismissals more visible to serve as examples and deterrents,and making sure police officers do not get into debt.(An)other,longer-term strategy/strategies include(s)__________.
A)more exhaustive background checks of recruits
B)periodic retraining of all police
C)measures aimed at enhancing professionalism
D)All of the above
Q2) A form of police corruption involving failure to perform a legal duty is called 'nonfeasance'.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A form of police corruption involving failure to perform a legal duty in a proper manner is called __________.
Q4) __________ refers to a tendency to favor blind obedience to authority.
Q5) What does it mean to perform 'racial profiling?
Q6) A form of police corruption involving failure to perform a legal duty is called
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Origins and Organization of the Courts
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A __________ is a legal order from the U.S.Supreme Court stating that a lower court must forward the record of a particular case for review.
Q2) 'Juvenile courts' are courts that handle only drug offenses and attempt to correct underlying causes of the illegal conduct.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A private attorney appointed by the court on a case-by-case basis from a list of available attorneys is also known as ___________.
A)assigned counsel
B)contract attorney programs
C)courtroom work group
D)community prosecution
Q4) The term '__________' refers to a method for selecting judges that involves a combination of appointment and election.
A)dispute resolution
B)merit selection
C)writ of certiorari
D)expert witness
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Chapter 8: Trial Defense and Prosecution
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51 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1970 the Supreme Court ruled that defendants are entitled to __________ assistance of counsel,but it is difficult to demonstrate that the outcome of a case would have been different without counsel's errors.
Q2) The __________is an act requires that all criminal cases be brought to trial within one hundred days;if they are not,they will be dismissed.
Q3) Plea bargaining occurs when a prosecutor agrees to press a less serious charge,drop some charges,or recommend a less severe sentence if the defendant agrees to plead guilty.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Courts adjudicate a large volume of cases each year,but the number is decreasing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The scope of the right to counsel has been defined by the U.S.Supreme Court in a series of cases involving the interpretation and application of the Sixth Amendment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Trials and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A __________ is a court-authorized postponement of a case to allow the prosecution or defense more time to prepare its case.
A)corpus delicti
B)continuance
C)discovery
D)trial jury
Q2) The term 'selective incapacitation' refers to the identification of potential high-rate offenders for incarceration for longer periods as a means of reducing crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The lack of empirical evidence to support the four basic purposes of sentencing has contributed to concern about disparity in sentences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Many states have __________ laws based on the notion of incapacitation.These laws can be applied to certain offenders who have committed two or more offenses within a certain period (usually ten years).
Q5) What is 'jury nullification' and why do you think this happens?
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Chapter 10: Origins and Organization of Jails and Prisons
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Sample Questions
Q1) A __________ is a state employee,often with police powers,responsible for supervising offenders after they are released from prison.
A)probation officer
B)parole officer
C)corrections officer
D)criminologist
Q2) Prisons that house dangerous felons and that usually have a wall surrounding the entire facility are at the ___________ level.
A)maximum security
B)medium security
C)minimum security
D)supermaximum security
Q3) The reformatory movement was a late-nineteenth-century trend toward use of incarceration to reform through education.
A)True
B)False
Q4) __________ are facilities operated by counties and municipalities to hold two main categories of inmates: those awaiting trial and those serving sentences of one year or less.
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Chapter 11: Probation, Community Corrections, and Reentry
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55 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term __________ refers to a form of restorative justice that usually takes the form of money,but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim.
A)commutation
B)restitution
C)mediation
D)shock incarceration
Q2) Making __________ usually means paying money,but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim.
Q3) A condition of probation or parole in which offenders are not permitted to leave their residences for purposes other than work,school,treatment,or other approved reasons is called __________.
Q4) __________ is the most widely used form of correctional supervision in the United States.
A)Parole
B)Incarceration
C)Probation
D)Capital punishment
Q5) __________ are residential centers for ex-offenders in the community.
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Chapter 12: Justice and Punishment in the Twenty-First Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women offenders have different problems in different proportions than men,manifesting gender issues in prison life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Electronic monitoring,probation kiosks,and camera and satellite surveillance will allow for __________ by depriving the offenders of some portion of their liberty and control over their movements with limited physical contact.
A)balance between just punishment and public safety
B)offender accountability
C)punishment and control by distance
D)expanding the net
Q3) __________ risk assessment is a technique that builds upon the discoveries in the area of DNA and genetic mapping,where genetic predispositions toward certain behaviors can be anticipated and prevented.
Q4) A potential result of punishment and control by distance,subjecting more offenders to stringent forms of surveillance who previously were dealt with less severely through traditional probation or other sanctions is called ___________.
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Chapter
White-Collar Crime, Organized Crime, and Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intentionally preventing a public servant from lawfully performing an official function is called __________.
A)forgery
B)fraud
C)bribery
D)perjury
Q2) Crimes of __________ have money as their object and include embezzlement,extortion,forgery,and fraud.
Q3) Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government,the civilian population,or any segment thereof,in furtherance of political or social objectives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Attempts to impede government processes through bribery,obstruction of justice,official misconduct,or perjury are called __________.
A)white-collar crimes
B)crimes of fraud
C)crimes against public administration
D)regulatory offenses
15
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Chapter 14: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The emphasis of the justice process was changed from deterrence and incapacitation to __________,in order to assist,rather than punish,the juvenile.
A)due process
B)rehabilitation
C)punishment
D)retribution
Q2) A juvenile's __________ is similar to an adult's sentence.
A)custody
B)detention
C)adjudication
D)disposition
Q3) What factors do you think are involved in juvenile recidivism? Please describe and explain.
Q4) A juvenile's __________ is similar to an adult's trial.
A)custody
B)detention
C)adjudication
D)disposition
Q5) A __________ long-term non-secure setting for adjudicated juveniles.
Q6) A _________ is a secure facility for adjudicated juveniles.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Comparative Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) 'Anomie' refers to the sharing of values to the point of harmonious accommodation of divergent views.
A)True
B)False
Q2) 'Synnomie' refers to a normlessness or lack of attachment felt by some people toward their society.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Crimes against the peace and security of mankind as defined by international agreements between countries,such as genocide and torture are referred to as
A)transnational crime
B)international crime
C)national crime
D)local crime
Q4) __________ crime refers to offenses in which the planning and execution of the crime involve more than one country.
Q5) _________ refers to the sharing of values to the point of harmonious accommodation of divergent views.
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