Counseling Theories and Practice
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course explores the foundational theories and practical approaches to counseling, examining major frameworks such as psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, and solution-focused therapies. Students will gain an understanding of the historical and cultural contexts of each theory, their application to diverse client populations, and the development of effective counseling relationships. Emphasis is placed on integrating theory with ethical practice, self-awareness, and essential counseling skills through experiential activities, case studies, and role-plays, preparing students to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world counseling settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Life Span Development 2nd Edition by John W. Santrock
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17 Chapters
2042 Verified Questions
2042 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3265 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction-Chapter
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64850
Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnicity refers to:
A)the behavior patterns,beliefs,and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
B)a person's position within society based on occupational,educational,and economic characteristics.
C)a controversial classification of people according to real or imagined biological characteristics such as skin color and blood group.
D)a range of characteristics based on heritage,nationality,race,religion,and language.
Answer: D
Q2) A __________ is an integrated set of ideas that helps to explain,and a __________ is an assertion or prediction that can be tested to determine its accuracy.
A)theory;hypothesis
B)generalization;theory
C)hypothesis;theory
D)theory;generalization
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Food and Drug Administration recommends the following:
A)Pregnant women should consume no caffeine or consume it sparingly.
B)Exposure of the mother to secondhand smoke will not harm the fetus.
C)Pregnant women can safely drink one glass of wine or beer per day.
D)Cocaine used in the last months of pregnancy will not harm the fetus.
Answer: A
Q2) The prenatal period of development takes place in the first 2 weeks after conception.It includes the creation of the zygote,cell division,and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall.
Answer: germinal period
Q3) At what period of prenatal development do neurons begin to develop connections with each other?
A)at the moment of conception
B)when the zygote implants in the uterine wall
C)around 23 weeks of development near the age of viability
D)around 38 weeks,just before birth occurs
Answer: C
Q4) The observable characteristics of an individual's genetic makeup.
Answer: phenotype
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Chapter 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved with the comprehension of speech.
A)Broca's area
B)Ocam's area
C)Morton's area
D)Wernike's area
Answer: D
Q2) A theoretical construct,proposed by Noam Chomsky.It refers to an inborn biological endowment that enables children to acquire language.
Answer: language acquisition device
Q3) Dr.Dzindolet would like to know whether children born prematurely can tell the difference between a face and a spiral.What method would best suit this experiment?
A)visual preference method
B)visual cuing method
C)visual availability method
D)visual timing method
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64839
Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n)___________ temperament,whereas in China,a(n)_________ temperament is more highly valued.
A)active;inhibited
B)inhibited;active
C)inner-focused;outward-focused
D)outward-focused;inner-focused.
Q2) During which time period does the interaction with peers tend to increase the most dramatically?
A)between the ages of 3 and 6 months
B)between the ages of 6 and 12 months
C)between the ages of 12 and 18 months
D)between the ages of 18 and 24 months
Q3) Describe the classic study of attachment by Harlow,including the outcomes of that study.
Q4) Infants' ability to regulate their emotions is positively correlated with:
A)their age.
B)their mothers' distress.
C)their mothers' intensity of emotion.
D)their temperament.
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Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64838
Sample Questions
Q1) Define centration.
Q2) Which of the following is the best descriptor of how children's brains grow during early childhood?
A)an even and continuous process
B)rapid distinct spurts of growth
C)virtually no growth at all
D)the highest level of growth of any developmental period
Q3) What have been found to be the two most important contributors to height differences among children worldwide?
A)nutrition and exercise
B)ethnic origin and social class
C)prenatal care and emotional difficulties
D)ethnic origin and nutrition
Q4) Which of the following is TRUE of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?
A)IQ should be assessed to test a child's learning.
B)Skilled teachers should be sought to help a child learn.
C)The child's use of private speech should not be encouraged.
D)Practical teaching should begin toward the upper limit of the zone of proximal development (ZPD).
Q5) Define egocentrism.
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64837
Sample Questions
Q1) Parents who deny,ignore,or try to change the negative emotions of their children.
Q2) According to Erik Erikson,what is the "great governor" of initiative?
A)conscience
B)independence
C)fear
D)obedience
Q3) According to Jean Piaget,this is the first stage of moral development.Children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world.
Q4) Children who grew up in gay and lesbian families usually self-identify themselves as:
A)homosexual.
B)heterosexual.
C)bisexual.
D)asexual.
Q5) The support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child.
Q6) A parenting technique for handling misbehavior in children.It is characterized by removing the child from a setting that offers positive reinforcement.
Q7) List and describe 4 of the 6 types of play identified by Mildred Parten.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64836
Sample Questions
Q1) Jean Piaget believed that children below the age of _______ years do not have concrete operational thought.
A)3
B)5
C)7
D)9
Q2) One research study found that ____ minutes of moderate and ____ minutes of vigorous physical activity per day can significantly help reduce the risk of a child becoming overweight.
A)10;30
B)45;15
C)30: 30
D)30;10
Q3) If intelligence is assumed to be normally distributed,which of the following would you expect to find in the overall population?
A)more people of high intelligence than of low intelligence
B)more people of moderate intelligence than of high or low intelligence
C)more people of high intelligence than of moderate or low intelligence
D)more people of low intelligence than of moderate or high intelligence
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64835
Sample Questions
Q1) During the elementary years,a child's self-understanding includes increasing reference to all but which of the following?
A)psychological characteristics
B)social comparison
C)social aspects
D)physical characteristics
Q2) The correlation between self-esteem and school performance is:
A)very low.
B)moderate.
C)high.
D)very high.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of improving a child's self-esteem through achievement?
A)finding out what is important to a child's self-concept
B)telling a child that she is liked and respected
C)straightforwardly teaching a child a new skill
D)letting a child cope with a problem without assistance
Q4) The second level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.At this (intermediate)level,moral reasoning is based on standards set by others such as by parents or the government.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64834
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following most accurately describes the situation for the children of single teenage mothers?
A)They are less likely to live in poverty than are children born to single older women.
B)They start out at higher physical risk than children born to older mothers but catch up by elementary school.
C)They are more likely to have low birth weights,neurological problems,and childhood illness.
D)They are not found to be successful in education or to experience other positive outcomes.
Q2) Which of the following is not an educational program designed to help reduce adolescent pregnancy?
A)Head Start
B)Girls,Inc.
C)Health Bridge
D)Will Power/Won't Power
Q3) A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.
Q4) A girl's first menstruation.
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to James Marcia,the term _______ refers to the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in their own identity.
A)moratorium
B)commitment
C)foreclosure
D)achievement
Q2) This identity status is characterized by the current exploration of various identity options without a commitment to any one of those alternatives.
Q3) How early should intervention occur to prevent juvenile delinquency?
A)preschool
B)elementary school
C)junior high school
D)high school
Q4) Where are rites of passage most numerous?
A)Africa
B)South America
C)Australia
D)Asia
Q5) This identity status is characterized by high commitment but no crisis.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64848
Sample Questions
Q1) "Emerging adulthood," a term coined by Jeffrey Arnett,refers to the age range from:
A)12 to 18.
B)18 to 25.
C)21 to 26.
D)20 to 30.
Q2) Sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus,which destroys the body's immune system.
Q3) Manny has contracted a virus that is destroying his body's immune system.Manny most likely has:
A)AIDS.
B)herpes.
C)syphilis.
D)gonorrhea.
Q4) Each of the following is a feature of emerging adulthood,EXCEPT:
A)being other-focused.
B)identity exploration.
C)instability.
D)feeling "in-between."
Q5) What is the best way to lose weight and keep it off?
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64847
Sample Questions
Q1) Angelina is having some difficulty with her boyfriend.She wants to maintain a close and supportive relationship,but at times she feels smothered by the relationship.Angelina is:
A)experiencing a conflict between intimacy and independence.
B)showing the pseudo-intimate style of intimate interaction.
C)functioning at the self-focused level of relationship maturity.
D)experiencing an imbalance between parental connectedness and intimacy.
Q2) Researchers (and regular people)have defined love in many different ways.Which of the following dimensions tend to be included in most definitions of love?
A)altruism
B)friendship
C)intimacy
D)dependency
Q3) All of the following are inaccurate myths about gay and lesbian couples,EXCEPT:
A)they have a large number of sexual partners.
B)they do not have long-term relationships.
C)one partner assumes a masculine role,and one partner assumes a feminine role.
D)some committed gay couples may have an open relationship that allows the possibility of sex outside the relationship.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent large-scale study of American women found that the majority of postmenopausal women reported:
A)debilitating depression and irritability.
B)embarrassing hot flashes.
C)regret that they no longer had their period.
D)that menopause was not the negative event that it was once portrayed to be.
Q2) An adult in middle age will do most poorly on which of the following tasks?
A)adding columns of numbers
B)completing a crossword puzzle
C)hitting the brakes when the light turns red
D)lifting a box that weighs 20 pounds
Q3) Mattie is in middle adulthood and can expect all of the following changes to her cardiovascular system,EXCEPT:
A)after menopause,her blood pressure will sharply rise.
B)deposits will line her blood vessels.
C)the level of cholesterol in her blood will increase.
D)shortness of breath will occur more frequently.
Q4) Distinguish between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence,and explain how they change in middle adulthood.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the research of Vaillant,which of the following characteristics in middle age was the best predictor of having an enduring and happy marriage between the ages of 75 and 80?
A)financial stability
B)intimacy
C)agreeableness
D)generativity
Q2) As he looks back over his life,Chris realizes that his work was not as important to him as he believed,and that he lost too much valuable time with his children.If he could do it over again,he would work less and spend more time with his children.According to Erik Erikson,Chris is experiencing some degree of:
A)doubt.
B)shame.
C)despair.
D)stagnation.
Q3) According to Erik Erikson,this is the seventh stage of development that is experienced by middle-aged adults
Q4) Discuss the differing reasons for divorce among the young and old.
Q5) Describe the empty nest syndrome.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64844
Sample Questions
Q1) Define episodic memory and semantic memory.
Q2) What do Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease have in common?
A)both affect men at much higher rates than women
B)both are chronic and progressive
C)both affect only the elderly
D)both are easily managed with medication
Q3) As we get older:
A)both men and women get shorter.
B)men get shorter,but women do not get shorter.
C)women get shorter,but men do not get shorter.
D)only individuals with osteoporosis,men or women,get shorter.
Q4) What is TRUE about the relationship between semantic memory and aging?
A)Older adults often take longer to retrieve semantic information,but they usually can retrieve it.
B)Older adults are usually unable to retrieve semantic information.
C)Older adults can retrieve semantic information only if it is relevant to their day-to-day lives.
D)Older adults can retrieve semantic information from long ago but not from the recent past.
Page 17
Q5) Briefly describe Parkinson disease.
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood
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79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64843
Sample Questions
Q1) The model of selective optimization with compensation is based on the idea that older adults fare better when they:
A)ignore their increasing limitations as much as possible.
B)use technology to broaden and increase their daily activities and efforts.
C)develop positive and creative coping strategies to deal with their limitations.
D)limit the scope of their social networks and concentrate on only a few friendships.
Q2) Daria is a 75-year-old widow who loves children.When schoolchildren walk by her house,she gives them flowers from her garden to take to their mothers.All the children in the neighborhood affectionately call her the "flower lady," and they stop by at every chance for a cookie or a story from Daria.Erik Erikson would describe Daria as being in a state of:
A)trust.
B)integrity.
C)autonomy.
D)intimacy.
Q3) According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory,this is the name of the eighth and final stage of development.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/64842
Sample Questions
Q1) Recent scientific advances in the United States have led to more people:
A)dying a painless and easy death in their own home.
B)living a better-quality life in their final stages of dying.
C)dying a painless and easy death in the hospital.
D)suffering more and in pain longer before they die.
Q2) According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross,the third stage of dying is:
A)anger.
B)bargaining.
C)depression.
D)denial and isolation.
Q3) In what ways can denial of death be a positive response?
A)Denial can help one accept the reality of one's death.
B)Denial can soften the emotional impact of impending death.
C)Denial can help one prepare family members for one's death.
D)Denial can prevent one from receiving unnecessary medical interventions.
Q4) Germain has signed an advance directive.This means that:
A)his physician will not use means to prolong his life when death is imminent.
B)he has given his immediate family legal control over his care.
C)he has authorized his family to engage in active euthanasia.
D)he has ordered his physician to do everything possible to keep him alive.
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