Counseling Theories and Practice Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive exploration of the major counseling theories and their practical applications in a variety of settings. Students will examine foundational approaches such as psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, and solution-focused therapies, while also gaining insight into multicultural and contemporary perspectives. Through case studies, self-reflection, and skills practice, participants will learn to integrate theoretical concepts with effective counseling techniques, enhancing their ability to build therapeutic relationships, assess client needs, and develop intervention strategies tailored to individual and group contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 8th Edition by
Carol K. Sigelman
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
17 Chapters
3442 Verified Questions
3442 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1999 Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39700
Sample Questions
Q1) The term _____ concerns an individual's sense of the age at which he or she should experience certain events.
A) age norms
B) age stratification
C) social clock
D) age grade
Answer: C
Q2) The impact on research findings produced by historical events occurring at the moment the data were collected are referred to as _____ effects.
A) meta-analysis
B) placebo
C) age
D) time of measurement
Answer: D
Q3) Changes and continuities in perception, language, learning, memory, problem solving, and other mental processes are examples of _____ development.
Answer: cognitive
Q4) In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the _____ variable. Answer: independent
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39701
Sample Questions
Q1) Discontinuity theorists believe that development involves primarily quantitative changes in human behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Watson and Raynor's experiment is important because it demonstrated that
A) infants are unable to learn.
B) humans cannot be classically conditioned.
C) fear can be learned.
D) operant conditioning is more important than classical conditioning
Answer: C
Q3) A theory guides all of the following EXCEPT
A) what is most important to study.
B) what can be hypothesized about.
C) how many times an issue should be studied.
D) how an issue should be studied.
Answer: C
Q4) Freud is credited with developing _____ theory. Answer: psychoanalytic
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Genes, Environment, and Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39702
Sample Questions
Q1) Incomplete dominance occurs when
A) a recessive gene overpowers a dominant gene.
B) there is a compromise between the effect of two genes.
C) a dominant gene overpowers a recessive gene.
D) genetic effects are overpowered by environmental factors.
Answer: B
Q2) Sickle-cell disease likely arose as a mutation that was passed along because it protected individuals from A) hemophilia.
B) malaria.
C) diabetes.
D) influenza.
Answer: B
Q3) Fraternal twins are no more alike genetically than brothers and sisters born at different times.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The cells of a normal zygote consist of a total of _____ chromosomes.
Answer: 46
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39703
Sample Questions
Q1) At birth, Kammi's body has an extremely low level of surfactant. What immediate impact will this have on Kammi?
A) She will have great difficulty breathing.
B) She will be classified as being of very low birth weight.
C) She will be severely intellectually disabled.
D) She will show no attachment behavior toward her mother.
Q2) Virginia smoked heavily throughout her pregnancy. Her husband is very worried about this because of the possible effects on his unborn child. Which of his concerns is most likely to occur?
A) The child's low birth weight
B) Missing limbs
C) Visual impairment
D) Ambiguous genitals
Q3) Extremely low-birth-weight infants are
A) defined as having a birth weight of less than three pounds.
B) unlikely to have medical issues that last beyond childhood.
C) at risk for blindness, deafness, and autism.
D) becoming significantly rarer.
Q4) The process involving the formation of all major organs is called _____.
Q5) The lack of oxygen during birth is called _____ or asphyxia.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Body, Brain, Health
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
208 Verified Questions
208 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39704
Sample Questions
Q1) The greater ability of adults to integrate thoughts and emotions may be attributable to
A) increased production of androgens
B) progressive myelination
C) decreased production of growth hormone
D) alterations in brain stem structures
Q2) What major reproductive system changes can young adult males and females look forward to as they enter middle and old age?
Q3) According to CDC, about _____% of infants do not get the recommended immunizations.
Q4) Jill came tumbling down the hill and sustained a serious head injury. As a result, her language skills have been seriously impaired. Which part of Jill 's brain was most likely damaged?
A) Left hemisphere
B) Right hemisphere
C) Hypothalamus
D) Brain stem
Q5) The "plasticity" of the brain means that it is impervious to harm.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
201 Verified Questions
201 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39705
Sample Questions
Q1) Statistically, who is least likely (per mile driven) to be in an accident?
A) Teenage drivers
B) Middle-aged drivers
C) Elderly drivers
D) Very old drivers
Q2) Discuss evidence indicating that early life experience (including culture) can impact perceptual development. Be sure to provide a specific example.
Q3) When 10- to 15-year-olds in Papua New Guinea are asked to draw pictures of the human body, they are most likely to
A) refuse, as drawing the human body is against their religion.
B) draw pictures of their "gods."
C) scribble or draw tadpole-like forms.
D) draw museum-quality pictures of humans.
Q4) In order to ensure the most favorable long-term outcome concerning visual acuity, cataract surgery should be delayed until a child reaches at least age four years.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ is an eye disorder caused by increased fluid pressure.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Cognition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
196 Verified Questions
196 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39706
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development?
A) Figuring out the answer to your math homework after your sister gives you a hint
B) Getting a better grade on the math test than you usually get
C) Using trial and error to eliminate incorrect answers to a problem
D) Thinking about a purely abstract problem like how many digits there are in infinity
Q2) Whose statement indicates that they are engaging in dialectic thinking?
A) Earl, who says, "I love the fact that ice is cold."
B) Eileen, who says, "I just do not understand how light can be both a wave and an individual element, but I will."
C) Lowell, who says, "Drop a bowling ball and it will fall; can the world get any more consistent?"
D) Rellen, who says, "The moon looks massive tonight."
Q3) Fischer adopted Vygotsky's idea of _____ to explain how cognitive development progresses.
A) private speech
B) zone of proximal development
C) egocentrism
D) postformal thought
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39707
Sample Questions
Q1) An explicit memory
A) always has a sexual overtone.
B) is deliberately recalled.
C) occurs only after a hint has been given.
D) involves recalling behaviors but not ideas.
Q2) Cognitive theorists suggest that the most likely order of the process of memory when information is being processed for the first time would be
A) encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval.
B) retrieval, encoding, consolidation, and storage.
C) consolidation, storage, encoding, and retrieval.
D) storage, retrieval, encoding, and consolidation.
Q3) Early memories tend to be very cue-dependent and context-specific.
A)True
B)False
Q4) At which age do people do better on recall tasks than on recognition tasks?
A) Adolescence
B) Middle age
C) Old age
D) No age group does better on recall tasks
Q5) A(n) _____ memory occurs as the result of a deliberate, intentional effort.
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
210 Verified Questions
210 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39708
Sample Questions
Q1) If a set of data is normally distributed, the number of individuals scoring low, moderate, and high is identical.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who is demonstrating a high level of ideational fluency?
A) Hugh, who knows four different languages
B) Stew, who has an IQ of 150
C) Drew, who quickly generated a list of 20 novel uses for marshmallows
D) Lou, who can name the day of the week for any date in the 1900s
Q3) Which factor best describes the Flynn effect?
A) Changes in genes underlie changes in intellect.
B) Most psychologists now accept the theory of "general mental ability."
C) Average IQ scores in the United States have risen dramatically over the past decades.
D) Studies of adopted children have demonstrated a significant difference in IQ scores between infant males and infant females.
Q4) _____ thinking involves generating the single best answer to a problem.
Q5) According to Horn and Cattell, _____ intelligence involves the use of knowledge acquired through life experience.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Language and Education
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39709
Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to language learning, nativists believe that
A) language is learned as a result of differential parental reinforcement.
B) children learn language by listening, observing, and imitating.
C) children are biologically programmed for language acquisition.
D) the social environment plays the most critical role in language learning.
Q2) Which have been shown to be the best predictors of effectiveness of schools?
A) Small classes, an academic focus, and grouping by ability level
B) High expectations for success, rewarding good work, and a high funding base
C) Task-oriented atmosphere, strong emphasis on academics, and effective discipline
D) Mixed-ability grouping, high expectations for success, and small classes
Q3) When using syntactic bootstrapping, a child
A) uses a word's placement in a sentence to help determine its meaning.
B) generates a one-word utterance that has the meaning of a full sentence.
C) uses a grammar rule in an inappropriate manner (e.g., uses the "-ed" which means past tense on a word like "run" to create the word "runned").
D) is able to immediately connect a word in one language to its counterpart in a second language.
Q4) Children with _____ goals process material at a superficial level..
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 12
Chapter 11: Self and Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
210 Verified Questions
210 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39710
Sample Questions
Q1) Both Freud and Erikson believed that
A) a person's personality is primarily genetically determined.
B) there are four stages in the development of personality.
C) while personality develops gradually over the first 15 to 20 years of life, people change very little throughout the years of adulthood.
D) people in every culture progress through stages of personality development.
Q2) Harter's self-perception research with older children indicated that self-esteem
A) emerges as a single entity and remains unchanged after this.
B) is unidimensional, consisting of a global sense of self.
C) becomes less realistic as children enter adolescence.
D) is multidimensional, consisting of several distinct domains.
Q3) When contemplating their self-esteem, older individuals tend to compare themselves to
A) young, healthy individuals.
B) young, but unhealthy individuals.
C) older, healthy individuals.
D) older and unhealthy individuals.
Q4) The ability to focus and shift one's attention is called effortful control.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
207 Verified Questions
207 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39711
Sample Questions
Q1) In general, gender roles
A) are more differentiated during adolescence than they are among newlyweds.
B) become more traditional and differentiated in a married couple following the birth of a child.
C) tend to remain constant across the adult years.
D) are more pronounced for couples when both partners are working.
Q2) By 16 years after college graduation
A) 75% of women with children are working full time.
B) 97% of women have married.
C) 97% of women have children.
D) 75% of women have children.
Q3) Communality roles are designed to prepare someone to be
A) aggressive.
B) independent.
C) connected to others.
D) achievement oriented.
Q4) How would a social-learning theorist describe the acquisition of gender roles?
Q5) Middle-aged individuals may undergo a(n) _____ shift in which they begin to adopt some of the gender stereotypes associated with the opposite sex.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
211 Verified Questions
211 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39712
Sample Questions
Q1) Coercive family environments refer to situations where family members
A) eventually gain complete control over their children.
B) are locked in power struggles.
C) use discussion to try to persuade others to adopt their position.
D) establish a power hierarchy that allows them to solve problems swiftly and smoothly.
Q2) The key premise of dual-process models of morality is that both _____ inform moral decisions.
A) deliberate thought and emotions/intuition
B) genes and neurotransmitters
C) peers and parents
D) conscious and unconscious desires
Q3) What are the fundamental differences between the preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels of moral reasoning?
Q4) The punishment-and-obedience orientation stage is found at Kohlberg's ______ level of moral reasoning.
Q5) The mechanism of moral _____ allows an individual to engage in an immoral behavior, yet avoid self-condemnation.
Q6) According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is characterized by _____ thought.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
210 Verified Questions
210 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39713
Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement concerning relationships in old age is true?
A) Social supports impact psychological but not physical health.
B) Relationships with a spouse can undermine emotional well-being.
C) Being involved with others wears the body down faster than living in isolation.
D) Efforts to reduce loneliness in socially isolated elderly adults have not been shown to have any positive impact.
Q2) Which behavior best illustrates social pretend play?
A) Using a stick to represent a gun
B) Using some dolls to act out a tea party
C) Using a soccer ball to play soccer
D) Using a smile when you act out eating a candy bar that is not there
Q3) On sociometric measures, _____ individuals are liked by most and rarely disliked.
Q4) A peer is best defined as someone of
A) the same chronological age.
B) equal social status.
C) the same ethnic or racial group.
D) greater social importance.
Q5) Discuss Brown's phases of romantic relationships in adolescence.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: The Family
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
210 Verified Questions
210 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39714
Sample Questions
Q1) The broad term used to categorize harmful behaviors aimed at children including abuse and neglect is child _____.
Q2) Dolph's parents have very clear rules about what is okay to do and what is not. They are very careful to enforce the rules. However, they are willing to listen to Dolph's side of the story and are careful to explain why the rules are important. They even consider changing rules that don't seem to be working well. Dolph's parents are best described as having which sort of childrearing pattern?
A) Neglectful
B) Authoritative
C) Authoritarian
D) Permissive
Q3) Which statement best describes sibling relationships over the adulthood years?
A) Sibling rivalry disappears once the children are on their own.
B) Most siblings share intimate problems frequently across the years.
C) Siblings often grow emotionally closer from middle age to old age.
D) Significant life events like the death of a parent can bring close siblings together and push rival siblings apart.
Q4) The departure of the last child from a family creates a situation referred to as the
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39715
Sample Questions
Q1) Winne has good verbal skills and is highly intelligent, but has social relationship skills typical of an autistic child. Given this description, Winnie is most likely to be diagnosed with
A) conduct disorder.
B) developmental disorder, not otherwise specified.
C) Kleinfelter syndrome.
D) autism spectrum disorder.
Q2) Attempted suicide is a DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Becoming senile is a normal part of the aging process.
A)True
B)False
Q4) G. Stanley Hall famously referred to adolescence as a time of _____ and stress.
Q5) All of the following are currently legitimate suspected causes of autism except A) a lack of executive functions.
B) cold, rigid parenting.
C) genetic defect.
D) abnormal mirror neuron functioning
Q6) _____ nervosa literally means "nervous loss of appetite."
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/39716
Sample Questions
Q1) Parents who use the analogy of "sleep" when describing death to children tend to have children with an advanced understanding of death and death topics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who is engaging in active euthanasia?
A) Adam, who is withholding pain-killing drugs
B) Sandler, who is removing a feed-tube from a patient who cannot feed him/herself
C) Will, who is injecting a terminally ill patient with a lethal dose of drugs
D) Farrell, who is removing a respirator from a patient who is totally brain dead
Q3) The term _____ is used to discuss the fact that death is inevitable and happens to all living beings.
Q4) Bowlby suggested that the order of infant bereavement is
A) protest to despair to detachment.
B) protest to detachment to despair.
C) despair to protest to detachment.
D) despair to detachment to protest.
Q5) How does the understanding of death change between infancy and adolescence?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 19