Counseling Psychology Solved Exam
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Course Introduction
Counseling Psychology is a field that explores the theories, methods, and practical skills involved in helping individuals address personal, social, educational, and career concerns. This course examines foundational psychological principles, ethical considerations, and multicultural competencies essential for effective counseling. Students will learn about various therapeutic approaches, assessment techniques, and intervention strategies tailored to diverse populations. Through case studies, role-play, and reflective activities, learners gain an understanding of the counselor-client relationship and develop skills necessary for fostering psychological well-being and personal growth in a variety of settings.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3rd Canadian Edition by John Hunsley
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Q1) ________ was the primary developer of cognitive therapy for depression.
A)Carl Rogers
B)Alfred Adler
C)Aaron Beck
D)Cesare Lombroso
Answer: C
Q2) Carl Rogers' approach to psychotherapy differed from Freud's in that
A)it was more negative in its assumptions of human nature.
B)it was more positive in its assumptions of human nature.
C)it proposed that we could never really understand human nature.
D)it was the first to take a multi-disciplinary approach.
Answer: B
Q3) In the 1940s and 50s,the demand for psychological services increased dramatically primarily because of the A)increase in homeless individuals.
B)need for mental health services for those affected by the war.
C)lack of work.
D)destigmatization of mental illness.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a component of a program evaluation?
A)Examining if an agency's policy is congruent with its mission.
B)Examining the scope of unmet health care needs in a population.
C)Examining the extent to which the program objectives are met.
D)Examining the personality characteristics of program participants.
Answer: C
Q2) The Mutual Recognition Agreement:
A)was signed by the APA and CPA to recognize the equivalence of the accreditation processes in the USA and Canada.
B)identifies core competencies required for professional practice in psychology in Canadian provinces and the North West Territories.
C)will be signed in 2017 to require that all professional training occur within accredited as opposed to unaccredited)programs.
D)allows licensed psychologists to use the title 'Dr'.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Q1) In determining whether a person meets criteria for a diagnosis a of mental disorder,clinical psychologists rely primarily on
A)family history.
B)self-report of symptoms.
C)laboratory tests to confirm diagnosis.
D)intrusiveness of primary symptoms.
Answer: B
Q2) An important consideration in diagnostic reliability is the _______ of individuals with the same diagnosis,as this could impact inter-rater reliability,and contribute to ______ in treatment response.
A)homogeneity of symptom profiles; similarity
B)heterogeneity of symptom profiles; variability
C)homogeneity of symptom profiles; variability
D)heterogeneity of symptom profiles; similarity
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clinical significance refers to whether
A)the intervention has made a meaningful impact on treated participants.
B)there is a statistically significant difference between treated and untreated participants.
C)the study used participants who were diagnosed by a healthcare professional.
D)improvement was rated by a trained clinician.
Q2) __________,no matter how complex,can only examine the association among variables.
A)Single case designs
B)Correlational designs
C)Quasi-experimental designs
D)Meta-analysis
Q3) Correlational designs use which of the following design features?
A)Experimental manipulation.
B)Random assignment to conditions.
C)Random sampling of a population.
D)None of the above.
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6
Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Q1) Which of the following tests uses developmental norms?
A)Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B)Graduate Record Examination.
C)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales.
D)Thematic Apperception Test.
Q2) The extent to which a test provides a relatively pure measure of a psychological construct,and is not contaminated by other psychological constructs,is referred to as
A)discriminant validity.
B)concurrent validity.
C)predictive validity.
D)convergent validity.
Q3) Treatment monitoring
A)helps ensure that the psychologist follows the treatment plan.
B)allows for changes in the treatment plan as required.
C)helps ensure that clients are completing assigned tasks.
D)helps to develop treatment goals at the outset of therapy.
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Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Q1) Treatment goals should:
A)be important to the client.
B)be phrased in terms of feelings,thoughts and behaviours to be reduced.
C)be substantial and long-term.
D)be expressed in vague terms so that they can easily be adapted.
Q2) Based on nonverbal behaviour,a psychologist may observe a discrepancy in which of the following scenarios:
A)The client is sitting still and smiling while reporting being happy.
B)The client describes a recent argument while gripping the edge of his/her chair.
C)The client reports being satisfied with his/her relationship while agitatedly tapping his/her toes.
D)The client reports having an affair and covering his/her face and crying.
Q3) Structured diagnostic interviews were developed primarily to
A)help mental health professionals agree on the general features of a disorder.
B)help the client feel more comfortable in the interview setting.
C)improve inter-rater reliability in assigning diagnoses among mental health professionals.
D)all of the above.
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8
Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Q1) The definition of intelligence as a person's global capacity to act purposefully,to think in a rational manner,and to deal effectively with his or her environment,was generated by ______________ and is an example of a definition that focuses upon
A)Raymond Cattell ; ability related to scholastic/academic tasks
B)David Wechsler ; the context of life more generally
C)Alfred Binet ; ability related to scholastic/academic tasks
D)Charles Spearman ; the context of life more generally
Q2) Binet's definition of intelligence was ______________,and Wechsler's definition of intelligence was_________________.
A)more academically focused ; less academically focused
B)designed to assess functioning in school ; designed to predict workplace functioning
C)culturally focused ; culturally adapted
D)focused on verbal skills ; focused on nonverbal skills
Q3) The formula for the Stanford-Binet intelligence quotient is
A)IQ = MA x CA)x 100.
B)IQ = MA x CA)/100.
C)IQ = MA/CA)x 100.
D)IQ = MA/CA)/100.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Q1) Walter Mischel's 1968)literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found
A)a strong correlation.
B)a modest correlation.
C)an inverse correlation.
D)a correlation that was moderated by age.
Q2) Concerns about the need to use measures that are inexpensive,not too time-consuming,and with direct and immediate relevance to treatment planning and monitoring have led to the increased use of:
A)projective tests.
B)behaviour and symptom checklists.
C)objective personality tests.
D)structured clinical interviews.
Q3) Research findings suggest that the Rorschach should not be used to A)examine thought disorder.
B)aid in the development of clinical hypotheses.
C)provide diagnostic information.
D)assess personality structure.
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making
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Q1) Research on the use of biases and heuristics has shown that clinicians tend to over-predict the violence of
A)black psychiatric inpatients and male patients.
B)black prison inmates and female patients.
C)white prison inmates and female patients.
D)white prison inmates and male patients.
Q2) In assessing an older adult who has concerns about dementia,a clinical neuropsychologist ought to
A) obtain data from multiple informants to assess daily impact of cognitive decline.
B)rely upon the client's description of the changes in his/her cognitive functioning.
C)observe the client in a naturalistic setting.
D)ask caregivers to complete rating scales.
Q3) Case formulation is required when:
A) there are complex issues of differential diagnosis.
B)the psychologist works within a psychodynamic framework.
C)there are no evidence based treatments to meet the person's symptom profile.
D)the psychologist has been asked to make recommendations about treatment.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Prevention
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Questions
Q1) Meta-analytic research indicates that anxiety prevention programs result in ________ effects in reduction of both anxiety symptoms and diagnoses,and are most effective when using _________ intervention programs.
A)large; indicated/selected B)small but significant; universal
C)small but significant; indicated/selected D)large; universal
Q2) One reason why researchers rarely examine whether prevention programs reduce incidence rates is that
A)there are no tools for measuring outcome.
B)it is necessary to have a very large sample to detect a difference.
C)it is unnecessary to conduct this type of research as long as high-risk samples are targeted.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Critical Incident Stress Debriefing has been found to
A)be very helpful to individuals experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.
B)reduce the incidence of subsequent PTSD.
C)be helpful for men but not for women
D)sometimes be harmful.
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Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behavioural interventions focus on
A)reducing undesirable behaviours.
B)reducing undesirable behaviours and increasing desirable behaviours.
C)increasing desirable behaviours.
D)classical conditioning responses.
Q2) Which of the following can be both a positive and negative aspect of group therapy?
A)Universality.
B)Modelling of behaviour.
C)Support.
D)Cost-effectiveness.
Q3) The Scared Straight program has been shown to be:
A)highly effective in preventing the development of conduct disorder among at risk youth
B)ineffective in treating delinquent youth
C)highly effective in treating anxiety disorders
D)a good example of a stepped care approach
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Q1) In the final stage of CBT the psychologist focuses on:
A)challenging long-standing beliefs.
B)challenging negative automatic thoughts.
C)adopting a more positive activity schedule.
D)predicting future challenges.
Q2) What made it difficult to compare research conducted by behavioural therapists and traditional therapists in the mid-1900s?
A)Each research group used different criteria for including studies in their review.
B)Different criteria were used to evaluate whether therapy worked.
C)Interpretation of results was influenced by each group's biases.
D)All of the above.
Q3) Motivation to develop clinical practice guidelines in clinical psychology came from
A)cognitive-behavioural psychologists.
B)psychodynamic therapists.
C)increasing demands for health care practices to be demonstrably effective and cost-effective.
D)from mental health professions.
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14
Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Q1) Which of the hypothesized common factors in psychotherapy has received the most research attention?
A)Empathy.
B)Sense of mastery in the client.
C)Therapeutic alliance.
D)Confronting problems in therapy.
Q2) The APA Psychotherapy Division established a task force in 1999 to examine empirically supported therapy relationships.The task force encouraged clinicians to A)routinely monitor their treatment services.
B)strive to integrate aspects of evidence-based psychotherapy relationships.
C)strive to integrate aspects of evidence-based treatments.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Who developed an initiative to identify empirically based principles of therapeutic change?
A)Castonguay and Beutler
B)Orlinksy and Luborsky
C)Orlinsky and Castonguay
D)Luborsky and Wampold
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Q1) Treatment planning in rehabilitation based on the acronym SMART Wilson,2008)establishes goals that are
A)specific,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
B)short,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
C)specific,measurable,active,reliable and timely.
D)short,measurable,active,reliable and timely.
Q2) According to Canadian Participation and Activity Limitation Survey PALS)rates of disability ______________ with age.
A)decrease
B)remain constant
C)increase
D)can either decrease or increase
Q3) A meta-analysis by Wilson and colleagues 2005)found that offenders who had been treated had a recidivism rate of ________% whereas untreated offenders had a recidivism rate of ________%.
A)77; 25
B)22; 50
C)46; 54
D)56; 56
Page 17
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