Counseling Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Counseling Psychology is an applied field focused on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan. This course explores the core theories, principles, and methodologies used in counseling, emphasizing the development of effective therapeutic relationships, assessment techniques, intervention strategies, and ethical considerations. Students will examine diverse client populations and presenting issues, including mental health, life transitions, and multicultural concerns. Through a combination of theoretical study and skill-based activities, the course prepares students to apply counseling frameworks in various settings, promoting psychological wellbeing and adaptive coping strategies.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 6th Edition by David C. Funder
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Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
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Q1) Advocates of any particular basic approach to personality historically ________.
A) claimed that their approach explains everything worth explaining
B) admitted that other approaches have their good points
C) proudly asserted that they have deliberately limited what they have chosen to look at
D) claimed that approaches cannot be compared with each other
Answer: A
Q2) The purpose of a basic approach (or paradigm) is to ________.
A) expand the range of data you consider
B) integrate diverse perspectives
C) limit inquiry to certain kinds of observations and patterns
D) resolve contradictions in data
Answer: C
Q3) The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt to ________.
A) identify and measure individual differences in ability and behavior
B) determine the effect of the social environment on behavior
C) explain whole, functioning persons and real life concerns
D) prevent or treat psychological personality disorders
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Clues to Personality: the Basic Sources of Data
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of I data?
A) They have causal force.
B) They include common sense.
C) They are based on large amounts of information.
D) They come from carefully controlled experimental situations.
Answer: D
Q2) If Dr. O'Connell wants to learn about Laura, why might Dr. O'Connell want to use S data?
A) S data have causal force.
B) S data are relatively simple and easy to collect.
C) The person providing S data might be the world's best expert about Laura.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D
Q3) According to the text, what simple example of L data is considered by clinical psychologists to be a potential indicator of psychopathology?
A) an arrest record by age 21
B) an annual income below the poverty line
C) being fired from a job by age 30
D) never being married by age 40
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Personality Psychology As Science: Research
Methods
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Q1) There are seldom difficulties involved in interpreting the results of experimental studies because researchers manipulate variables.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Dr. Low is interested in studying the relation between mood and willingness to help a stranger. She randomly assigns half of her participants to the pleasant mood condition and shows them funny film clips. The other half of her participants are assigned to the unpleasant mood condition and are forced to watch boring film clips. She then gives every participant an opportunity to donate money to a homeless stranger. Dr. Low is using a(n) ________ design.
A) experimental
B) correlational
C) case study
D) repeated measures
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior
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Q1) Research regarding the person-situation debate indicates that ________ are relevant to how people will act under specific circumstances and that ________ are better for describing how people act in general.
A) S data; I data
B) S data; B data
C) personality traits; situational variables
D) situational variables; personality traits
Q2) Someone who is ________ is likely to express his or her personality consistently from one situation to the next.
A) low in self-monitoring
B) high in self-monitoring
C) low in self-efficacy
D) high in self-efficacy
Q3) The trait of neuroticism is associated with unhappiness.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the issues that are involved in judging the size of the correlation coefficient of .40.
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Chapter 5: Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing
and Its Consequences
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Q1) A test created using the empirical method yields what kind of data?
A) B
B) I
C) L
D) S
Q2) The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was designed to ________.
A) assess individuals with psychological disorders
B) assess normal individuals
C) identify the Big Five personality factors
D) assess Jung's psychological types
Q3) According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the conditions that must hold for an S data personality test to accurately measure an attribute of personality?
A) The test taker must be able to make an accurate self-assessment.
B) All of the items must be valid indicators of the construct.
C) The test taker must be willing to report the self-assessment accurately.
D) The test must contain both positively and negatively worded items.
Q4) What are some objections to personality testing? Which of these concerns are valid and which might be overstated or naïve?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Personality Assessment Ii: Personality Judgment in
Daily Life
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Q1) The philosophy of constructivism is widespread in modern intellectual life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Participants in a recent study were shown and then asked to judge composite faces from targets who scored extremely low or extremely high on personality dimensions. Which two traits had the highest levels of accuracy for both female and male targets?
A) extraversion and neuroticism
B) extraversion and agreeableness
C) agreeableness and neuroticism
D) neuroticism and openness
Q3) Which of the following is the strongest situation using the psychological definition of a strong situation?
A) a party
B) an unstructured job interview
C) a funeral
D) free time on a Saturday afternoon
Q4) Describe the four steps of the Realistic Accuracy Model. Apply those steps to the accurate judgment of the trait of honesty.
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Chapter 7: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
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Q1) The Big Five are believed to be orthogonal factors of personality. What does orthogonal mean?
A) People's scores on one of the factors are useful for predicting their scores on only one of the other factors.
B) People's scores on one of the factors are useful for predicting their scores on two of the other factors.
C) People's scores on one of the factors are useful for predicting their scores on three or four of the other factors.
D) People's scores on one of the factors do not predict their scores on any of the other factors.
Q2) According to the text, which three personality types are the most replicable?
A) well-adjusted/undercontrolled/overcontrolled
B) Type A/Type B/ Type D
C) Introvert/Extravert/Thinker
D) resilient/controlled/anomic
Q3) Low self-monitors are typically described more favorably than high self-monitors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
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Q1) Which hormone has been associated with levels of stable extraversion?
A) dopamine
B) testosterone
C) oxytocin
D) serotonin
Q2) The ancient Romans believed that someone with an excess of blood tended to be cheerful, ruddy, and robust.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In 1966, Charles Whitman killed his wife, his mother, and 14 more people at the University of Texas before he was killed by police. An autopsy revealed a tumor affecting Whitman's ________.
A) frontal lobe
B) amygdala
C) ventromedial cortex
D) cerebellum
Q4) How did researchers first learn about the functions of the frontal lobes? What are those functions? Describe the consequences of severe frontal lobe damage. What does this tell us about personality?
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Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
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Q1) ________ searches for specific genes that are linked with particular personality attributes.
A) An epigenetic scan
B) An epigenetic association study
C) An allelic frequency study
D) A genome-wide association study
Q2) If a trait is influenced by genes, then dizygotic (DZ) twins should be more similar than monozygotic (MZ) twins.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are controversies related to evolutionary theorizing with respect to the difficulty in providing an evolutionary explanation to rare behaviors. This has been called the ________.
A) low base rate fallacy
B) dilemma of the rarely exercised option
C) spurious causation fallacy
D) naturalistic fallacy
Q4) DRD4 is linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
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Q1) A moralistic church official ends up patronizing prostitutes. According to Freudian theory, this was caused by the ________.
A) ego winning out over the superego
B) superego winning out over the id
C) id winning out over the superego
D) ego winning out over the id
Q2) Freud was trained as a veterinarian.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the text, Freud was ________.
A) a moderate who believed in the golden mean
B) a believer in indulging infants so that they developed basic trust
C) an extremist who believed that even young infants must take care of themselves
D) not particularly concerned with the first 18 months of life because infants do not have language
Q4) Victorians often criticized Freud's theory as too unscientific.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Workings of the Unconscious Mind:
Defenses and Slips
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Q1) The ego suppresses the id for ________ reasons.
A) practical
B) unknown
C) mysterious
D) moral
Q2) Dennis is very attracted to his boss, but instead of asking her out, he invites his neighbor Karen to go out with him. Dennis is ________ his feelings for his boss.
A) displacing
B) projecting
C) sublimating
D) rationalizing
Q3) According to Freud's theory, the ego's energy store is ________.
A) limited
B) limitless
C) stronger in women than in men
D) decreased in adulthood
Q4) The superego uses defense mechanisms to keep impulses at bay. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians,
Object Relations, and Current Research
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Q1) Major differences between Erikson's theory of personality development and Freud's theory are Erikson's ideas regarding ________.
A) the functioning of the id and the physical location of libido
B) development as occurring in a series of stages and the existence of the id
C) the function of the ego and the role of conscious conflict
D) the importance of parents to a child's development
Q2) The internalized image of your own mother is a key archetype for Jung.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a measure of Adler's styles of life.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and describe the three different infant attachment styles mentioned in the textbook. Explain how these styles may be self-fulfilling or self-perpetuating in adulthood.
Q5) What are some of the key psychological insights provided by contemporary psychoanalytic research? Which ideas of Freud appear to have stood the test of time?
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Chapter 13: Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a concern with the typical strategy used to evaluate the effects of Rogerian psychotherapy?
A) It is not clear that the match between perceived self and ideal self is an adequate criterion for psychological adjustment.
B) No measurable variables have been used to evaluate Rogerian therapy.
C) The results may be due to clients' changing their ideal views.
D) The criterion used for determining adjustment could lead us to consider people with obvious disorders as being well-adjusted.
Q2) John realizes that helping one set of people could lead others to suffer. According to Sartre, what sensation will this insight produce?
A) nausea
B) alienation
C) anguish
D) despair
Q3) Describe Rogerian psychotherapy. What does a Rogerian therapist attempt to do for clients? Why does Rogers think this approach should work? What might be a downside to a humanistic view of mental health?
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Chapter 14: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
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Q1) Components of ideas that are particular to a specific culture are called ________, and components that are universal across cultures are called ________.
A) individualisms; collectivisms
B) emics; etics
C) cultures; values
D) etics; emics
Q2) It has been suggested that the only way psychologists can address the generalizability issue is to ________.
A) conduct research using participants from around the world
B) limit their focus to one homogeneous sample at a time
C) subtract the effects of culture from their research findings
D) repeat their studies in carefully controlled laboratory settings
Q3) The idea that all cultural views are equally valid and that it is ethnocentric to think otherwise is called ________.
A) the semiotic subject fallacy
B) the deconstructionist dodge
C) cultural relativism
D) semiotic pluralism
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Chapter 15: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories
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Q1) Julian Rotter's social learning theory focuses primarily on ________.
A) drives
B) drive reduction
C) decision making
D) reciprocal determinism
Q2) What term refers to Bandura's idea that the self-system, environmental factors, and behavior are all dynamically interlinked?
A) efficacy expectations
B) reciprocal determinism
C) the transactional triad
D) the cognitive person system
Q3) Experiments have shown that if one receives rewards and/or punishments randomly (i.e., regardless of what one does), then one is likely to develop depression. This phenomenon is known as ________.
A) learned helplessness
B) angst
C) social learning theory
D) reverse conditioning
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Chapter 16: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
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Q1) What are some conceptual advantages of dual-process models? What kinds of phenomena can they explain and why is this important? For example, how could such models explain why it is possible to have irrational thoughts and, at the same time, to know that such thoughts are irrational?
Q2) Mrs. Khoury enjoys running the office. She likes telling other employees what to do and strives to be promoted to vice president of her company. According to McClelland's view of motivations, Mrs. Khoury is high in ________ motivation.
A) narcissism
B) affiliation
C) power
D) dominance
Q3) Short-term memory is limited to "seven, plus or minus two" chunks of information.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Emotions can be considered a kind of declarative knowledge using the language of cognitive psychology.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter
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Q1) Behavioral consistency is positively associated with ________ in American culture, whereas behavior consistency is ________ in Korean culture.
A) personality disorders; associated with mental health
B) mental health; associated with personality disorders
C) mental health; positively associated with cognitive ability
D) mental health; not necessarily associated with mental health
Q2) The ________ self is NOT one of the self-relevant schemas that are part of self-discrepancy theory.
A) rejected
B) actual C) ideal D) ought
Q3) Individuals with amnesia are ________, which suggests that accurate self-knowledge ________ memories of specific life events.
A) unable to provide accurate self-reports of personality; depends on B) able to provide accurate self-reports of personality; exists separately from C) unable to provide accurate self-reports of personality; exists separately from D) able to provide accurate self-reports of personality; depends on
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Chapter 18: Disorders of Personality
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Q1) According to the textbook, one purpose of the DSM is to ________, and a second is to ________.
A) make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; guide research on disorders
B) make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; facilitate insurance billing
C) guide research on disorders; facilitate biological research on disorders
D) facilitate genetic research on disorders; make psychiatric diagnosis more objective
Q2) Severe psychopathologies such as major depressive episodes appear on which axis of the DSM?
A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
Q3) Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding some of the concerns that have been raised about the DSM?
A) The DSM system is not widely used by the psychiatric community.
B) There is a tendency to pathologize morally repugnant and criminal behavior.
C) There is little in the way of a clear definition of mental health in the DSM.
D) The labels in the DSM can be overused.
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Chapter 19: Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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Q1) The ________ approach emphasizes perception, motivations, and the self.
A) cognitive
B) biological C) trait
D) cross-cultural
Q2) Personality traits are good predictors of single behaviors in particular situations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) George Kelly believed that it was possible to view the same objective facts from different psychological perspectives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One view of the different approaches to personality psychology is that each one ________.
A) addresses the same basic questions as the other approaches
B) largely addresses different questions about personality C) makes fundamental advances that surpass the one that preceded it
D) lacks scientific rigor
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