Counseling Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Counseling Psychology is an academic and practical field focused on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan. The course explores theories and techniques for helping individuals manage emotional, social, vocational, educational, and developmental concerns. Emphasizing ethical considerations and cultural competence, students learn about assessment methods, intervention strategies, counseling processes, and the role of the counselor in diverse settings. Through case studies and experiential learning, the course prepares students to apply evidence-based approaches in supporting the psychological well-being and growth of clients.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Psychology Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature 6th Edition by Randy
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Larsen
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Psychology
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Q1) A problem with studying only the grand theories of personality is that only parts of them:
A)have stood the test of time and guide modern personality research.
B)apply to men.
C)are based on non-German populations.
D)address the human nature level of analysis.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following domains of knowledge about human nature deals centrally with the ways in which individuals differ from one another?
A)The biological domain
B)The dispositional domain
C)The intrapsychic domain
D)The social and cultural domain
Answer: B
Q3) A study of a single individual is an example of:
A)idiographic research.
B)nomothetic research.
C)correlational research.
D)cognitive psychology research.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design
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Q1) In the context of the key features of good experimental design,it is important to know if the observed differences between experimental groups are:
A)directional.
B)statistically significant.
C)correlational.
D)inferential.
Answer: B
Q2) Correlation cannot provide any information about:
A)significance.
B)causality.
C)directionality.
D)generalizability.
Answer: B
Q3) The case study method can be useful for:
A)generating new hypotheses.
B)knowing how two variables are related in a given sample.
C)establishing causality.
D)proving a hypothesis to the scientific community.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies
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Q1) Which of the following is a limitation of the Wiggins circumplex model?
A)It fails to alert investigators to gaps in investigations of interpersonal behavior.
B)The interpersonal map provided by this model is restricted to two dimensions.
C)It is not able to specify the relationships between each trait and every other trait within the model.
D)The definition of interpersonal behavior provided by this model is not explicit and precise.
Answer: B
Q2) _____ is a statistical approach that identifies groups of items that are similar to each other.
A)The lexical hypothesis
B)Factor analysis
C)The act frequency approach
D)Rational scale construction
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
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Q1) The tendency to choose the situations in which one finds oneself is known as:
A)situational selection.
B)evocation.
C)manipulation.
D)aggregation.
Q2) Marvin,a psychologist,conducts a study in which participants are required to answer 50 questions pertaining to their general likes and dislikes.Roger,a boxer,loves watching cartoon movies and responds accordingly in the questionnaire.Marvin assumes that Roger pretends to like such movies and excludes Roger's data from his analysis.This scenario best exemplifies:
A)inter-rater reliability.
B)discriminant validity.
C)a false negative.
D)the third variable problem.
Q3) A key issue in measuring traits is determining:
A)what causes traits.
B)how much of a particular trait a person possesses.
C)how many traits exist.
D)the ways in which traits change over time.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability,
Coherence, and Change
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Q1) The correlations between different measures of a single trait obtained at the same time are called:
A)validity coefficients.
B)stability coefficients.
C)zero-order correlation coefficients.
D)rank-order correlation coefficients.
Q2) When measuring heights of individuals between ages 14 and 20,one is most likely to observe high:
A)mean level stability.
B)rank order stability.
C)rank order instability.
D)mean level change.
Q3) The _____ of personality analysis helps predict who will be at risk for a psychological disturbance later in life based on earlier measures of personality.
A)population level
B)group differences level
C)individual differences level
D)cultural differences level
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Chapter 6: Genetics and Personality
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of a shared environmental influence?
A)A child's friends
B)A child's grades
C)Special treatment from a parent
D)Parents' values and attitudes
Q2) David,an extravert,and Tom,an introvert,are studying in a room with blaring music.Based on genotype-environment interactions,_____.
A)Tom will most likely study better then David due to the background music
B)David will find the blaring music much more distracting than Tom
C)Tom will find the blaring music much more distracting than David
D)both David and Tom will start listening to the music and scheme to postpone the test by a week
Q3) One of the most common formulas for calculating heritability is:
A)heritability = (r<sub>dz</sub> - r<sub>mz</sub>).
B)heritability<sup>2</sup> = (r<sub>mz</sub> - r<sub>dz</sub>).
C)heritability<sup>2</sup> = 2(r<sub>mz</sub> - r<sub>dz</sub>).
D)heritability = 2(r<sub>mz</sub> - r<sub>dz</sub>).
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Chapter 7: Physiological Approaches to Personality
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Q1) According to Cloninger's tridimensional personality model,which of the following personality traits is related to low levels of norepinephrine?
A)Positive emotionality
B)Novelty seeking
C)Harm avoidance
D)Reward dependence
Q2) Monoamine oxidase works by:
A)preventing too many neurotransmitters from entering a synaptic gap.
B)acting as a conductor to facilitate the transmission of neurotransmitters between neurons.
C)manufacturing neurotransmitters inside the neuron.
D)breaking down neurotransmitters after they have allowed a nerve impulse to pass.
Q3) Measuring the amount of electricity that passes between two electrodes that are placed on the palm of one hand of an individual determines:
A)cardiovascular reactivity.
B)electrocardiogram activity.
C)electrodermal activity.
D)electroencephalogram activity.
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Chapter 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
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Q1) _____ are the smallest discrete units that are inherited by offspring intact,without being broken up.
A)DNA molecules
B)Adaptations
C)Genes
D)The byproducts of adaptations
Q2) In the context of sex differences in mate preferences,men are predicted to _____.
A)prefer the trait of kindness in mates when it is necessarily directed toward others
B)prioritize social status as a necessity in selecting long-term mates
C)place greater value on a mate's physical appearance
D)place more value on a potential mate's financial resources
Q3) The "top-down" method of empirical research is called the _____ approach.
A)inductive reasoning
B)analysis-of-variance
C)deductive reasoning
D)regression analysis
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Chapter 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality
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Q1) The _____ stage differs from the earlier stages in that it is not accompanied by a specific conflict.
A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital
Q2) The most primitive part of the human mind is the:
A)ego.
B)preconscious mind.
C)id.
D)superego.
Q3) Diana refuses to believe that her husband has left her.She waits for him at their dinner table every night and insists that he will be back any time.She finds the act of waiting to be more acceptable that acknowledging the fact that he has,in reality,gone.According to Freud,Diana is most likely resorting to the defense mechanism of _____.
A)repression
B)denial
C)projection
D)displacement
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Chapter 10: Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues
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Q1) According to Erik Erikson,sense of industry describes:
A)the first developmental stage.
B)a sense of low self-esteem.
C)a feeling of failure.
D)a feeling that one can work to achieve what he or she wants.
Q2) The _____ occurs when a memory is elaborated upon through ideation,leading a person to confuse a fancied event with events that actually happened.
A)false consensus effect
B)imagination inflation effect
C)third variable problem
D)equal environments assumption
Q3) According to Erik Erikson,the first developmental stage is:
A)trust versus mistrust.
B)initiative versus guilt.
C)generativity versus stagnation.
D)the oral stage.
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Chapter 11: Motives and Personality
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Q1) Like dispositional psychologists,motive psychologists stress that:
A)people differ from one another in the type and strength of their motives.
B)differences between people are measurable.
C)differences between people cause or are associated with important life outcomes.
D)All of the answers are correct.
Q2) The idea that an individual's various needs can be thought of as existing at different levels of strength is referred to as:
A)the hierarchy of needs.
B)press.
C)motive constellations.
D)the need tree.
Q3) Examples of esteem needs are:
A)food and air.
B)shelter and security.
C)respect and achievement.
D)love and acceptance.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Topics in Personality
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Q1) _____ is an intellectual position grounded in the notion that reality is constructed,that every person and certainly every culture has a version of reality that is unique,and that no single version of reality is any more privileged than another.
A)Rationalization
B)Egalitarianism
C)Postmodernism
D)Fixation
Q2) The process of making sense of,or explaining,various events in the world is referred to as _____.
A)interpretation
B)perception
C)learned helplessness
D)augmenting
Q3) Individuals who blame themselves and their own lack of skills for their poor grades most likely have a(n)_____ explanatory style.
A)internal
B)external
C)stable
D)unstable
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Chapter 13: Emotion and Personality
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Q1) Studies have shown that emotion is associated with an increased activation of the: A)hippocampus.
B)hypothalamus.
C)anterior cingulate.
D)prefrontal cortex.
Q2) People who score high (compared with low)on neuroticism tend to:
A)underestimate their physical symptoms.
B)report fewer serious physical symptoms.
C)have exaggerated memories of the physical symptoms they experienced in the past.
D)believe that others have physical symptoms even when they do not.
Q3) Studies that have used mood inductions have:
A)supported the idea of an indirect effect of personality on happiness.
B)supported the idea of a direct effect of personality on emotions.
C)shown that personality can influence the mood of a group.
D)All of the answers are correct.
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Chapter 14: Approaches to the Self
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Q1) When individuals discard their parents' values,they are most likely to experience an identity:
A)conflict.
B)continuity.
C)contrast.
D)deficit.
Q2) The extent to which you value yourself is known as your:
A)self-esteem.
B)self-concept.
C)social identity.
D)possible self.
Q3) When a person evaluates his or her performance relative to his or her peers,he or she engages in:
A)self-handicapping.
B)self-awareness.
C)selective valuation.
D)social comparison.
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Chapter 15: Personality and Social Interaction
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Q1) Which of the following manipulation tactics primary involves telling others that "everyone else is doing it"?
A)Hardball
B)Social comparison
C)Charm
D)Self-abasement
Q2) Which of the following statements would a person scoring high on Machiavellianism agree with?
A)Honesty is the best policy.
B)Most people are generally good and kind.
C)It is wise to flatter important people.
D)Cooperation is the best strategy.
Q3) People who score low on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of _____.
A)reason
B)social comparison
C)regression
D)silent treatment
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Chapter 16: Sex,Gender,and Personality
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Q1) The finding that men have more desire for sexual variety is most consistent with the _____ theory.
A)social role
B)evolutionary psychology
C)socialization
D)social learning
Q2) _____ is the ease with which one can convey emotions,such as crying,showing empathy for the troubles of others,and showing nurturance to those in need.
A)Expressiveness
B)Instrumentality
C)Surgency
D)Rumination
Q3) Identify a true statement about the empathizing-systemizing distinction.
A)Men and women score almost equally on empathizing.
B)Men score higher on systemizing than women.
C)Men prefer teaching and helping professions.
D)Men and women equally gravitate toward construction and engineering.
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Chapter 17: Culture and Personality
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Q1) According to Nisbett (1993),which of the following is a key feature of groups that develop a culture of honor?
A)They emphasize group harmony and unity.
B)They view insults as highly offensive public challenges.
C)They display equal treatment of all individuals within the group.
D)They highly disregard an individual's uniqueness and novelty.
Q2) Research suggests that cooperative food sharing is found in cultures:
A)that have a cool climate.
B)that have a warm climate.
C)where resource availability is highly variable.
D)where resource availability is less variable.
Q3) In the context of early experience and evoked mating strategies,children growing up in stable homes with parents who predictably invest in their welfare _____.
A)attract highly impulsive and low-investing mates
B)opt for a long-term mating strategy
C)tend to reach puberty at an early age
D)are inclined to seek multiple mates
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Chapter 18: Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health
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Q1) In their initial research,Holmes and Rahe found that people with the most stress points were:
A)most likely to have a serious illness.
B)less likely to have a serious illness.
C)most likely to die during the course of their studies.
D)not much different from those who were less stresseD.
Q2) _____ refers to the effects of stress that add up and accumulate in a person over time.
A)Additive effects
B)Stress accumulation
C)Longitudinal buildup
D)Stress accrual
Q3) Research suggests that inhibiting the expression of negative emotions:
A)makes people feel better.
B)makes people feel worse.
C)leads to heightened physiological activity.
D)leads to reduced physiological activity.
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Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
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Q1) Personality disorders can be thought of as:
A)exaggerated levels of cognitive activity.
B)maladaptive variations or combinations of normal personality traits.
C)special categories of abnormal personality traits.
D)extreme levels of emotionality that remain unaffected by personality traits.
Q2) People with _____ personality disorder have unstable emotions,unstable relationships,unstable behavior,and unstable images of themselves.
A)borderline
B)dependent
C)narcissistic
D)schizotypal
Q3) People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are likely to:
A)put play before work.
B)hold very high standards for themselves.
C)avoid social contact.
D)have a poor self-concept.
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Chapter 20: Summary and Future Directions
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Q1) Zeba,a personality psychologist,focuses on the interaction of persons and situations.She is of the opinion that each person has a distinct psychological signature in terms of specific "if ...then ..." relationships.Also,she has found that two people who score high on the same personality trait usually have different situations triggering this aspect of their personality.In the context of the domains of knowledge,Zeba is most likely working in the _____.
A)biological domain
B)dispositional domain
C)social and cultural domain
D)cognitive/experiential domain
Q2) Personality psychologists doing research today typically focus on:
A)grand theories of personality.
B)the cognitive/experiential domain.
C)the biological domain.
D)specific components of personality.
Q3) The cognitive/experiential domain pertains to:
A)areas of the mind that are outside of conscious awareness.
B)goals that people strive for.
C)evolutionary perspectives on personality.
D)the accurate measurement of traits and abilities.
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