Counseling Psychology Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Counseling Psychology is an applied field that emphasizes the development of healthy, productive, and meaningful lives through the integration of psychological theories, research, and therapeutic techniques. This course explores the foundational concepts, ethical guidelines, and major approaches in counseling, including cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, psychodynamic, and multicultural perspectives. Students will learn about the counseling process, assessment methods, and intervention strategies for individuals, groups, and families dealing with a variety of issues such as stress, anxiety, career decisions, and personal development. Through case studies and interactive exercises, the course aims to equip students with practical skills for building effective therapeutic relationships, fostering client growth, and addressing diverse psychological needs in various settings.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 6th Edition by David C. Funder
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
19 Chapters
1503 Verified Questions
1503 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1369 Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27292
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the basic approaches to personality?
A) psychoanalytic
B) learning
C) assessment
D) phenomenological
Answer: C
Q2) Psychologists following the phenomenological approach ________.
A) focus on the workings of the unconscious mind and the resolution of internal mental conflict
B) study how overt behavior is affected by rewards and punishments
C) build theoretical models of how people process information
D) are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free will
Answer: D
Q3) What two topics are covered under the phenomenological approach?
A) humanistic and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
B) humanistic and social-learning perspectives on personality
C) cross-cultural and cognitive perspectives on personality
D) trait and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Clues to Personality: the Basic Sources of Data
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27293
Sample Questions
Q1) When someone is high in narcissism, what type of data about this person might be the least trustworthy?
A) B
B) I
C) L
D) S
Answer: D
Q2) The tendency for us to become what other people believe us to be is called a(n) ________ effect.
A) confirmation
B) expectancy
C) fish-and-water
D) self-monitoring
Answer: B
Q3) Which type of data is likely to be the most subjective and judgmental?
A) I
B) B
C) L
D) S
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Personality Psychology As Science: Research
Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27294
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an ethical issue involved in the research process?
A) how research findings are used
B) which research topics are studied
C) how truthful researchers are when describing their work
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Jane recently completed a new test that was designed to measure her IQ. She took the test twice and each time received the same score. The test administrator told her that her scores indicate she is extremely intelligent. However, Jane scored well below average when she completed the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), two well-established intelligence tests. Based on this pattern of results, it appears that the new measure of IQ was a ________
A) valid measure of intelligence
B) valid but unreliable measure of intelligence
C) reliable but not valid measure of intelligence
D) more accurate measure of intelligence than the Stanford-Binet or the WAIS
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27295
Sample Questions
Q1) The trait of neuroticism is associated with unhappiness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research regarding the person-situation debate indicates that ________ are relevant to how people will act under specific circumstances and that ________ are better for describing how people act in general.
A) S data; I data
B) S data; B data
C) personality traits; situational variables
D) situational variables; personality traits
Q3) Which of the following was NOT a study that Funder and Ozer reviewed in their work calculating the size of the situation coefficient?
A) the forced compliance task that illustrated cognitive dissonance
B) the bystander intervention effect that illustrated situational factors on helping behavior
C) the reduction in intrinsic motivation that occurs when children are given rewards
D) the position of the learner in Milgram's experiments on obedience
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing
and Its Consequences
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27296
Sample Questions
Q1) Someone who is unconcerned with item content is most likely using the empirical method.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When we evaluate professional personality judgments, it is typically said that we are evaluating their ________, whereas when amateur personality judgments are evaluated, we are evaluating their ________.
A) accuracy; validity
B) validity; accuracy
C) reliability; validity
D) validity; reliability
Q3) According to one survey described in the textbook, at least 80 percent of clinical psychologists reported using Rorschach inkblots at least occasionally.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The MMPI is an omnibus personality inventory that yields S data.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Personality Assessment Ii: Personality Judgment
in Daily Life
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27297
Sample Questions
Q1) What is a moderator variable? Identify the four moderators of accuracy detailed in the text, and provide clear examples for each moderator.
Q2) A judge may see a target's behavior, pay attention to the behavior, and use the behavior in his or her judgment about the target's personality. However, for the personality judgment to be accurate, the ________.
A) observed behavior must be relevant to the trait being judged
B) behavior must be unusual and distinctive
C) judge must have observed the behavior on multiple occasions
D) personality trait must be cross-situationally consistent
Q3) The basic reason that research on the accuracy of personality judgments experienced a lengthy hiatus between 1955 and the mid-1980s was that ________.
A) early researchers had already identified the characteristics of a good judge of personality
B) researchers turned their attention to the content of personality judgments
C) researchers lacked a consensual criteria for determining the accuracy of a personality judgment
D) early research indicated that personality judgments are relatively inconsequential
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 7: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27298
Sample Questions
Q1) Longitudinal research concerning mean level changes in personality traits suggest that most personality changes occur during adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Based on research, the resident of which of these cities will probably score the highest on openness?
A) Des Moines, Iowa
B) Milwaukee, Wisconsin
C) Chicago, Illinois
D) Miami, Florida
Q3) A researcher who starts with an interest in delinquency and then identifies the traits associated with that category of behavior is taking a ________ approach.
A) single-trait
B) many-trait
C) essential-trait
D) typological
Q4) Stage actors tend to score low on the self-monitoring scale.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27299
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following chemicals breaks down certain neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin?
A) monoamine oxidase
B) endorphins
C) interneurons
D) dopamine
Q2) The ancient Romans believed that someone with an excess of blood tended to be cheerful, ruddy, and robust.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hormones carry nerve impulses across synapses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the text, surgeons discovered that stimulating the central region of the left ________ produced symptoms of depression.
A) frontal cortex
B) substantia nigra
C) amygdala
D) ascending reticular activating system
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27300
Sample Questions
Q1) The heritability of IQ is higher in impoverished families than in more economically advantaged families.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are objections to evolutionary theorizing EXCEPT:
A) Evolutionary theorizing consists of after-the-fact speculations that cannot be put to empirical test.
B) Evolutionary theorists assume that everybody wants many children when, in fact, many people limit their own reproduction.
C) Evolutionary theorists assume that behavior patterns present today are essentially inevitable and unchangeable because they are rooted in our biology.
D) Evolutionary theory is unnecessarily complicated because it involves too many basic principles.
Q3) The heritability of moderate mental retardation is higher than the heritability of severe mental retardation.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 11
Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27301
Sample Questions
Q1) Jason is playing with his brother's new skateboard when he runs it into a wall and breaks it into pieces. Psychoanalysts would maintain that the destruction of the skateboard was ________.
A) just an accident
B) probably determined by some unconscious desire in Jason to ruin his brother's new toy
C) a conscious free choice made by Jason right before he ran it into the wall
D) caused by the environmental conditions
Q2) Explain the procedures and purpose of psychoanalytic therapy from the perspective of Freud's views of the psyche. Is there research that suggests whether this approach is beneficial?
Q3) The psychoanalytic explanation for the behavior of the prostitute-patronizing, anti-crime governor described in the text would be that ________.
A) the power of the situation caused his behavior
B) he decided to get a prostitute of his own free will
C) his behavior is inconsistent and difficult to predict
D) the causes of his behavior lie in the dynamics of his personality
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 12
Chapter 11: The Workings of the Unconscious Mind:
Defenses and Slips
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27302
Sample Questions
Q1) The ego suppresses the id for ________ reasons.
A) practical
B) unknown
C) mysterious
D) moral
Q2) The primary result of psychic conflict is ________.
A) depression
B) aggression
C) anxiety
D) immorality
Q3) Strategies that help individuals cope with anxiety, guilt, and shame are called
A) compensatory processes
B) regressive tendencies
C) fixations
D) defense mechanisms
Q4) Freud believed that latent homosexual tendencies are suppressed by the id.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians,
Object Relations, and Current Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27303
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson, most conflicts are unconscious; few if any conflicts occur in the conscious mind.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Dr. Ders is a psychotherapist who emphasizes the importance of relating to others as real people who have mixtures of virtues and vices. Dr. Ders is most likely a therapist in the tradition of ________.
A) Freud
B) Jung
C) Erikson
D) object relations theory
Q3) Erikson was a strong believer that intimacy came before identity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Freud's oral stage corresponds to Erikson's stage of ________.
A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) basic trust vs. mistrust
C) initiative vs. guilt
D) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27304
Sample Questions
Q1) Linda thinks that her friends will like her only if she is thin, attractive, and cheerful. Rogers would say it is unlikely that Linda will ________.
A) self-actualize
B) become a fully functioning person
C) build personal constructs
D) experience Umwelt
Q2) ________ is the relatively recent branch of psychology that investigates the traits, processes, and social institutions that promote a good and meaningful life.
A) Hedonia
B) Eudaimonia
C) Positive psychology
D) Optimistic psychology
Q3) What is "thrown-ness" and why does it lead to angst? What do existentialist philosophers believe should be done to cope with these feelings? Compare this perspective with a Buddhist perspective.
Q4) The biological component of experience is called Eigenwelt.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27305
Sample Questions
Q1) ________ occurs when someone moves to a new place and gradually picks up the culture of the new location.
A) Acculturation
B) Enculturation
C) Assimilation
D) Accommodation
Q2) On average, Americans are fonder of tranquility than are Chinese individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Triandis, cultures that tolerate very little deviation from cultural norms are high in ________.
A) collectivism
B) agency
C) strictness
D) tightness
Q4) Define the newly proposed dimensions of honor, face, and dignity. What conditions are thought to facilitate the development of honor, face, and dignity cultures?
Q5) What are the reasons why cultural differences in personality might be exaggerated?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27306
Sample Questions
Q1) Operant conditioning only occurs if an individual is consciously aware of the reinforcement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Skinner's terminology, behavior that acts on the environment and changes environmental conditions to the organism's advantage is ________ behavior.
A) respondent
B) reinforced
C) operant
D) reciprocally determined
Q3) It has been suggested that chronic anxiety is the result of ________.
A) repeated pairing of a common stimulus with an unpleasant response
B) the law of effect
C) repeated exposure to adverse stimuli that are unpredictable and random
D) second-order conditioning and stimulus generalization
Q4) One advantage of behaviorism is that it is supported by objective data.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27307
Sample Questions
Q1) Priming "Mommy and I are one" to individuals who have unpleasant relationships with their mothers seems to promote temporary well-being.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the five types of goals that emerge repeatedly in studies of nomothetic goals?
A) enjoyment
B) esteem
C) avoidance of negative affect
D) learning
Q3) Amy is a generally aggressive and hostile child. Imagine that Suzanne accidentally bumped into Amy in a crowded room. Based on theories related to priming and chronic accessibility, Amy would perceive Suzanne's bump as an ________ and likely respond with ________.
A) accident; aggression
B) accident; an apology
C) intentionally hostile act; an apology
D) intentionally hostile act; aggression
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: What You Know About You: the Self
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27308
Sample Questions
Q1) According to previous research about cultural differences in person-based descriptions, which of the following might be a way someone in India would describe another individual?
A) She is very collectivist.
B) She is very individualist.
C) She is kind and nice.
D) She does nice things for people.
Q2) Imagine that you are trying to teach a classroom of personality students how to better remember the material for an exam. What would likely be the best recommendation that you could make?
A) Do your best to relate the material to something that is personally relevant.
B) Avoid making the material personally relevant to avoid self-related cognitive biases.
C) Make flash cards and repeat the material three times before going to sleep.
D) Highlight relevant passages and do your best to rehearse those passages.
Q3) Rehearsal is sufficient to move information into long-term memory.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Disorders of Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27309
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how personality disorders might simply represent extreme manifestations of traits that are desirable when they are in the "normal" range. Provide at least five concrete examples. What are the broader implications of the ability to describe features of abnormal personality using common personality dimensions?
Q2) Which of the following is one of the diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder?
A) perfectionism
B) rapid mood shifts
C) overconcern with rules and details
D) lack of empathy
Q3) What disorder might represent an extreme or exaggerated version of traits associated with conscientiousness?
A) paranoid
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) borderline
D) histrionic
Q4) Depression and anxiety are ego-syntonic disorders.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 19: Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/27310
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria that Funder believes is important for selecting a personality approach to use in your own work?
A) whether the approach is right or wrong
B) whether the approach addresses topics you wish to understand
C) whether you find the approach interesting
D) whether you think you can use the approach to add knowledge to psychology
Q2) The limited perspective afforded by the different approaches to personality impedes scientific progress.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ________ approach emphasizes perception, motivations, and the self.
A) cognitive
B) biological
C) trait
D) cross-cultural
Q4) Why is it important to maintain an awareness of alternative approaches to the study of personality?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
21