Counseling Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Counseling Psychology is a branch of psychology focused on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan. This course explores the principles, theories, and practices that guide counseling interventions for individuals, groups, and families. Topics include approaches to assessment, multicultural competence, ethical and legal considerations, and effective communication skills. Students will examine evidence-based counseling strategies for addressing issues such as stress, career development, relationship concerns, and mental health challenges in diverse populations. Emphasis is placed on developing self-awareness, empathy, and foundational counseling techniques to prepare for practical application in various professional settings.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by
Thomas F. Oltmanns
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Examples and Definitions of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) How do epidemiologists measure disease burden and what have their results revealed?
Answer: Disease burden is a combination of measures of mortality and disability.By equating certain medical diseases and injuries with specific mental disorders,epidemiologists estimate the disease burden due to various conditions.Their results indicate that the top three conditions in terms of disease burden are all cardiovascular conditions; all mental disorders,including suicide; and all malignant disease (cancer).The specific mental disorder that accounts for the greatest disease burden is unipolar major depression.
Q2) What is the emphasis of the definition of abnormal behavior in the DSM?5?
A)statistical rarity
B)biological etiology
C)biological disadvantage in terms of reproduction
D)personal distress or impairment in social functioning
Answer: D
Q3) ______________ is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the study and treatment of mental disorders.
Answer: Psychiatry
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Chapter 2: Causes of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) One of the most important areas of study in individual differences is called __________ or characteristic styles of relating to the world.
Answer: temperament
Q2) In psychoanalytic theory,sexual and aggressive drives are part of the A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)conscience.
Answer: A
Q3) Genes have alternative forms known as A)phenotypes.
B)genotypes.
C)alleles.
D)genosomes.
Answer: C
Q4) The __________ controls basic biological urges,such as eating,drinking,and sexual activity.
Answer: hypothalamus
Q5) ____________ is the emotional and practical assistance received from others.
Answer: Social support
4
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Chapter 3: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Q1) What term is used to describe programs intended to reduce the adverse,indirect consequences of mental illness?
A)primary prevention
B)tertiary prevention
C)quartile prevention
D)secondary prevention
Answer: B
Q2) Which form of treatment aims to gain insight into defenses and unconscious motivations and relies on the interpretation of defenses?
A)behavioral
B)humanistic
C)biological
D)psychodynamic
Answer: D
Q3) With regard to psychotherapy,all ethnic minorities face the challenge of __________,the process of learning or adopting the cultural patterns of the majority group.
Answer: acculturation
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Chapter 4: Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) A classification system that focuses on how much of a given characteristic an individual exhibits is called
A)categorical.
B)measurement based.
C)classificatory.
D)dimensional.
Q2) One goal of nondirective interviews is to
A)incorporate talk therapy.
B)specify in advance the possible etiologies of the client's problems.
C)explain the diagnosis to the client.
D)help people clarify their subjective feelings.
Q3) One theory to explain ataques de nervios is that it may be a culturally sanctioned way of expressing
A)fear of darkness.
B)disagreement with the cultural group.
C)distress in response to a threat to the family.
D)fear of death.
Q4) Psychological __________ is the process of gathering information in an attempt to understand a patient.
Q5) Describe some disadvantages of the current DSM-5 classification system.
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Chapter 5: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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Q1) From rates of attempted and successful suicides,we can conclude that females more often attempt suicide and males more often _________.
A)succeed
B)give away prized possessions
C)leave notes
D)use poisons
Q2) __________ or elated mood is the opposite emotional state from depressed mood.
Q3) With respect to the link between stress and the onset of manic and depressive episodes,it appears that
A)the types of stress are very similar.
B)the types of stress tend to be different.
C)stress is linked to depressive episodes but not manic ones.
D)stress is linked to manic episodes but not depressive ones.
Q4) Which of the following describes the term affect?
A)a state of arousal
B)subjective feelings
C)observable behaviors associated with subjective feelings
D)physiological changes associated with subjective feelings
Q5) Gender differences are typically not observed in __________ mood disorders.
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Q6) What has research revealed concerning the rate of depression among the elderly?
Chapter 6: Anxiety Disorders
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Q1) The symptoms of various anxiety disorders overlap considerably.When a person meets the diagnostic criteria for more than one disorder,this is known as __________ .
Q2) As a cognitive psychologist,you hypothesis that many factors can contribute to the cause of an anxiety disorder,but the following are especially important:
A)conditioned stimuli and responses.
B)perceptions,memories and attention.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)neurotransmitter levels.
Q3) Research on the long-term outcomes for people experiencing anxiety disorders indicates that
A)even with therapy,long-term outcomes are generally poor.
B)long-term outcomes tend to be quite mixed and unpredictable.
C)age of onset predicts long-term outcomes across all disorders.
D)treatment response is primarily positive and long-lasting.
Q4) __________ refers to an exaggerated fear of being in situations from which escape might be difficult,such as being caught in a traffic jam,on a bridge,or in a tunnel.
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Chapter 7: Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders,
Dissociative Disorders, and Somatic Symptom Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following is a description of what has been termed secondary victimization in cases of rape?
A)Family members often ignore the victim.
B)Multiple diagnoses are often made following a rape.
C)Many cases of rape involve multiple crimes such as robbery.
D)Various professionals exhibit a degree of insensitivity to rape victims.
Q2) An event that involves actual or threatened death,or serious injury to self or others,and creates intense feelings of fear,helplessness,or horror is defined by DSM-5 as involving
A)feelings of numbness.
B)stress.
C)traumatic stress.
D)eustress.
Q3) ___________ disorders involve the creation of a disorder by its treatment.
Q4) What do dissociative and somatic symptom disorders have in common?
A)They both involve malingering.
B)They have the same biological cause.
C)They both involve a degree of dissociation.
D)People with these disorders also have personality disorders.
Q5) Explain why dissociative identity disorder is such a controversial diagnosis.
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Chapter 8: Stress and Physical Health
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Q1) Imagine you have failed a class.You have evaluated this situation and decided that failing the class is stressful and important enough to make you upset.You also realize,however,that you have the option to repeat the class in summer school.This realization is an example of
A)primary appraisal.
B)primary prevention.
C)secondary appraisal.
D)secondary prevention.
Q2) Describe the difference between primary appraisal and secondary appraisal of stress.
Q3) The ________ is the region of the brain that is considered to be the principal mediator of the stress response.
Q4) Which of the following situational traits would describe a job with the highest level of stress?
A)low decisional control with low psychological demands
B)low decisional control with high psychological demands
C)high decisional control with low psychological demands
D)high decisional control with high psychological demands
Q5) Chronic stressors and losses create ________.
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Chapter 9: Personality Disorders
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Q1) Chris is a painfully shy 24-year-old woman who usually stays at home and rarely interacts with others outside of her immediate family.At work she stays away from other people,preferring to remain in the stock room as often as possible.She rarely initiates conversations at work or at home.Chris seems to exhibit __________ personality disorder.
A)paranoid
B)avoidant
C)borderline
D)narcissistic
Q2) Which of the following is typical of Terrie Moffitt's category of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior?
A)Equal numbers of women and men are included in this category.
B)This category of behavior is rarely associated with antisocial personality disorder.
C)People whose behavior fits this category express their antisocial personality through different problem behaviors at different ages.
D)This type of behavior is much more common than adolescence-limited antisocial behavior.
Q3) Discuss the etiology of borderline personality disorder.
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11
Chapter 10: Feeding and Eating Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for binge-eating disorder?
A)feeling satisfied after eating
B)feeling embarrassed while eating
C)purging after eating
D)feeling happy after eating
Q2) In one study,___________ lead to a 70 to 80 percent reduction in binge eating and purging.
A)psychodynamic therapy
B)aversive conditioning
C)client centered therapy
D)cognitive behavior therapy
Q3) Efforts to understand the relationship between depression and eating disorders have focused on which of the following depressive symptoms?
A)psychomotor retardation
B)sleep disturbances
C)low self-esteem
D)generalized anxiety
Q4) How does DSM-5 handle obesity and binge-eating disorder?
Q5) Summarize the research on the biological factors involved in eating and weight regulation.
12
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following are you most likely to find among the elderly in the United States?
A)higher rates of alcohol abuse than among younger people
B)higher rates of drug abuse than among younger people
C)prescription drug abuse and dependence
D)illegal drug abuse and dependence
Q2) Detoxification refers to
A)psychotherapy for substance abuse.
B)symptoms of withdrawal from drug dependence.
C)the removal of a drug on which a person is dependent.
D)deterioration of brain tissue secondary to drug abuse.
Q3) A relative was admitted to the hospital and given doses of naltrexone for problems related to alcohol.How will this drug affect the man?
A)It will block the action of GABA.
B)It will block the action of norepinephrine.
C)It will increase levels of dopamine in the brain.
D)It will decrease the level of endogenous opioids.
Q4) Discuss the ways that parent behaviors influence the likelihood that an adolescent will abuse substances.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria
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Q1) Some of the most dramatic physiological changes during sexual excitement are due to vasocongestion,which refers to
A)increased muscular tension.
B)elevated respiration rates.
C)engorgement of blood vessels.
D)decreased neurotransmitter activity.
Q2) What is the final phase of the human sexual response cycle?
A)orgasm
B)plateau
C)resolution
D)vasocongestion
Q3) A client was recently diagnosed as having erectile dysfunction.What would you conclude about this man?
A)He is by definition experiencing dyspareunia.
B)He cannot obtain an erection because he is not subjectively aroused.
C)He ejaculates immediately upon insertion during intercourse.
D)He may be subjectively aroused,but blood does not flow to his penis.
Q4) Name and describe the phases of the sexual response cycle described by Masters and Johnson.
Q5) The association of sexual arousal with nonliving objects is called
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Chapter 13: Disorders
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Q1) When a schizophrenic demonstrates flattened emotions or restricted expression of verbal or nonverbal emotions,it is known as __________ emotional expression.
Q2) After reviewing the results of the follow-up research conducted by Manfred Bleuler,what conclusion could we reach concerning the outcome of schizophrenia?
A)The long-term prospects for people with this disorder remains dismal in most cases.
B)About half of those diagnosed with schizophrenia will either recover or exhibit at least some significant improvement.
C)Contrary to general opinion,schizophrenia is more of an episodic disorder from which recovery rates tend to be quite high.
D)The deterioration that occurs in schizophrenia is not reversible,and consequently few,if any,people will make any meaningful recovery.
Q3) The feature that hallucinations in schizophrenia share in common is
A)visual experience.
B)auditory experience.
C)the voice of God.
D)sensory experience.
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Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following disorders has the best chance for successful treatment and recovery?
A)delirium
B)Down syndrome
C)primary dementia
D)secondary dementia
Q2) What is genetic linkage analysis?
A)conducting microscopic analysis of nerve cell damage
B)exploring the genome of families that have multiple members affected with a disorder
C)educating family members about chances of inheritance
D)locating a gene that is responsible for a disorder or trait
Q3) What is an infarct?
A)dementia due to depression
B)clogged arteries in the brain
C)a surgical procedure to clear brain plaques
D)an area of dead brain tissue caused by a stroke
Q4) Some drugs are designed to relieve cognitive symptoms of dementia by boosting the action of ________,a neurotransmitter that is involved in memory and whose level is reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Chapter 15: Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Q1) ____________ is the name of a movement designed to genetically "improve" the human race through legislated breeding rules.
Q2) Even though more than 2.3 percent of the population has IQs below 70,only about 1 percent of people are diagnosed as having intellectual disability at any one point in time.Explain this discrepancy.
Q3) Which of these would be the most effective reinforcer for changing specific behaviors associated with autism?
A)a pat on the head
B)the child's favorite food
C)a smile and the comment "great!"
D)getting to play a game with a parent
Q4) Which of the following statements is true about ASD?
A)Savant performance is common among people with ASD.
B)Nearly 75 percent of people with classic autism have IQs above 100.
C)Most people with ASD do not show savant performance.
D)Over 90 percent of people with ASD show savant performance involving mathematical skills.
Q5) Modern intelligence tests yield a score that is indicative of intelligence known as an intelligence ________.
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders of Childhood
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Q1) ________ is a controversial new diagnosis in DSM-5 that is applied to severe,recurrent temper outbursts that are way out of proportion to the situation that provokes them and that begin before age 10.
Q2) Parenting that is both loving and firm is labeled __________ .
Q3) Eight-year-old Julio attends an elementary school where a lot of children are taking Ritalin.After his teacher suggested that his parents take him to a pediatrician for an evaluation,Julio was put on Ritalin.If Julio has a typical response to the drug,what is likely to happen?
A)Julio has a minor improvement in his hyperactivity.
B)Julio responds positively to the medication,and his hyperactivity decreases.
C)Julio has strong side effects and must be taken off the drug immediately.
D)Julio experiences the paradoxical effect,and his behavior actually gets worse.
Q4) Which fear is prevalent between ages 5 to 8?
A)darkness
B)school-related fears
C)separation from parents
D)enclosed spaces
Q5) The diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is characterized by hyperactivity,attention deficit,and ________.
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Chapter 17: Adjustment Disorders and Life-Cycle Transitions
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of a scapegoating pattern of family relationships?
A)One family member is blamed for all the family problems.
B)One family member bullies another family member out of jealousy.
C)One family member complains of problems that are denied by other family members.
D)One family member takes on all the responsibility for solving the family's problems.
Q2) Systematic research on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral couple therapy (CBCT)indicates what kind of results?
A)higher divorce rates for participating couples after 5 years
B)less effective than individual therapy for 90 percent of participating couples
C)significant improvements in about half the participating couples
D)very significant short and long term improvement for 70 percent of participating couples
Q3) The multidisciplinary study of aging is known as A)ageism.
B)gerontology.
C)moratorium studies.
D)life-cycle studies.
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Chapter 18: Mental Health and the Law
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Q1) How does Lenore Walker's concept of the battered woman syndrome explain why it is so hard for a battered woman to leave an abusive relationship?
Q2) In contrast to mental health law,virtually all of family law is based on the principal of A)protecting the community.
B)parens patriae.
C)the revolving door.
D)deinstitutionalization.
Q3) Discuss the conditions that need to be met in order for an individual to be found "competent to stand trial."
Q4) In the United States,only about 1 percent of those charged with a crime attempt a defense of not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI).Of those,approximately ________ percent are successful.
A)10
B)15
C)25
D)55
Q5) The legal definition of insanity is not the same as the scientific definition of
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