Counseling Children and Adolescents Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of theories, methods, and practical skills essential for effectively counseling children and adolescents. Topics include developmental considerations, assessment techniques, evidence-based interventions, and cultural factors that influence counseling approaches. Through case study analysis, experiential learning, and ethical discussions, students will gain proficiency in building therapeutic relationships, addressing common presenting issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and behavioral concerns, and collaborating with families and schools to support young clients' mental health and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by Diane
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R. Gehart
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and
You: Connecting the Dots
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Sample Questions
Q1) Competencies refers to a necessary set of skills,consistent across all disciplines,in which the counselor must learn to interact in a way that is best for
A) the chosen theory
B) the changing situation
C) the client
D) the counselor
Answer: C
Q2) Efficacious treatments meet all of the same criteria as EST's and which of the following additional criteria?
A) Utilize only the unique components of a specific theory.
B) Reflect at least three of the common factors.
C) Prove superior to at least two other studies.
D) Are subjected to two independent investigations.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) After creating a theory-specific case conceptualization,working and closing phase goals can be determined by
A) asking the client what his/her goals are
B) identifying two or three key patterns
C) implementing formulaic interventions
D) seeking the guidance of a colleague for supervisor
Answer: B
Q2) Initial phase client goals should involve all of the following EXCEPT: _________________________.
A) stabilizing crisis symptoms
B) managing child, dependent adult, or elder abuse issues
C) addressing substance and alcohol abuse issues
D) making a note to address self-harming behaviors at a later time
Answer: D
Q3) The counselor need not address diversity issues with each treatment task,as long as diversity is addressed by some tasks in the working phase.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Newer forms of psychodynamic practice emphasize __________,while more traditionally oriented and analytical forms of practice emphasize __________.
A) drive theory; ego psychology
B) two-person psychology; one-person psychology
C) the client; the counselor
D) fewer sessions; more sessions
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following best describes transference?
A) The counselor ascribes a personal thought, feeling, or impulse to the client.
B) The counselor identifies with the experiences and feelings of the client.
C) The client confuses past experiences with the present reality.
D) The client projects attributes from unresolved issues with primary caregivers to the counselor.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What strengths does this approach have for working with diverse clients? What are the weaknesses?
Q2) Martin expresses feeling conflicted about being a good father,husband and provider and about being angry at his wife.This is best understood by which concept?
A) personality type
B) complexes
C) polarities
D) individuation
Q3) The _________ is the part of the personality that develops in our interactions and results in problems when a person identifies with this rather than the Self.
A) persona
B) anima/animus
C) hero
D) trickster.
Q4) Regarding Jungian counseling,what is meant by "healer,heal thyself"?
Q5) Describe the relationship between the ego and the Self?
Q6) Briefly explain what Myers-Briggs is.
Q7) Describe the role of the counselor in Jungian analytical psychology?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding the case study of Budi,assessment revealed that his childhood involved significant responsibility and pressure to be a good role model.This is an example of
A) parenting style
B) organ inferiority and physical weak points
C) family constellation and birth order
D) social interest and inferiority
Q2) Establishing an egalitarian relationship is the first stage in Adlerian counseling.What are the other three stages?
A) The other three stages are: define lifestyle, gain insight, make connections.
B) The other three stages are: develop a sense of belonging, encourage catharsis, reorientate.
C) The other three stages are: assess lifestyle, encourage insight, educate/reorientate.
D) The other three stages are: define Self, encourage insight, develop social interest.
Q3) What is meant by "private logic"?
Q4) How should the Adlerian counselor show encouragement?
Q5) What is the relationship of individual inferiority to social interest?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is self-actualization?
Q2) According to person-centered counseling,all of the following are necessary and sufficient elements for therapeutic change EXCEPT:
A) unconditional positive regard.
B) counselor congruence or genuineness.
C) accurate empathetic understanding.
D) insight.
Q3) Person-centered counselors view ____________ as the primary vehicle for change.
A) external forces
B) the counselor's interventions
C) the counselor's interpretations
D) the counseling relationship
Q4) Maslow,an early humanist,believed in four areas of the most basic needs that must be in place for a person to self-actualize.The four areas are:
A) physiological, mental, love/belonging, esteem.
B) physiological, mental, love/belonging, emotional.
C) physiological, safety, love/belonging, emotional.
D) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem.
Q5) How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?
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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) What are three interventions that existential counselors utilize in session? Describe each.
Q2) Existential counselors rely most heavily on ______________ to promote change for their clients.
A) the counseling relationship
B) a special agent
C) the counselor's interventions
D) the counselor's interpretation
Q3) All of the following statements are thoughtful existential case conceptualizations of Salma's presenting issues EXCEPT:
A) Salma may be able to draw upon her cultural roots to find greater meaning and purpose.
B) Salma's depressive symptoms may be rooted in her parent's rigid rules.
C) Salma may be maintaining minimal levels of satisfaction that keep her from striving for what she wants by blaming her parent's rigid rules.
D) Salma's existential angst may be heightened by being a part of a marginalized group.
Q4) How do existential counselors view the goals of therapy?
Q5) Describe the I-Thou relationship.
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Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) In what way do Gestalt counselors differ from other counselors?
A) They avoid empathy as they believe it hinders therapeutic progress.
B) They do not condone self-disclosure.
C) They are willing to be imperfect role models and do not hide behind a professional veneer.
D) They believe that it is important to strive for a problem-free lifestyle.
Q2) What is the primary vehicle for change in Gestalt counseling?
A) the person of the counselor
B) the interventions
C) the theory
D) the client
Q3) It can be said that Gestalt counselors believe that every emotion has a physiological component.All of the following are an accurate example of this concept EXCEPT:
A) a tight jaw as a sign that someone is holding something back.
B) a person fidgeting during session because they recently had back surgery.
C) a person hunched in the corner of the couch as a sign of insecurity.
D) a person with arms folded as a sign they are close off.
Q4) What are the strengths and weaknesses of Gestalt counseling in working with diverse populations?
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Q1) Mark,a cognitive-behavioral counselor remains neutral and uses open-ended questions to help his client discover the illogical nature of her beliefs and to use her own logic to convince her of needed change.This intervention is called
A) empathy
B) socratic method or guided discovery
C) psychoeducation
D) self-talk
Q2) Working with clients to accept difficult thoughts and emotions in order to transform them is used by _____________________________.
A) rational approaches
B) mindfulness-based approaches
C) reality therapy approaches
D) behavioral approaches
Q3) The primary goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is to ___________________________.
A) increase awareness on the part of the client
B) reduce socially unacceptable or non-productive behavior
C) reduce presenting symptoms and problems
D) educate the client to provide the tools for change
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Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Q1) The DBT relationship in counseling is characterized by
A) three sets of dialectic tensions
B) personality traits that get magnified or minimized
C) a loose set of rules applied by the counselor in an unplanned way
D) a rigid set of goals
Q2) What is the cognitive triangle and what is it used for?
Q3) All of the following would be appropriate working phase goals in this case EXCEPT:
A) increase client's ability to regulate emotion to reduce impulsive behavior in relationships.
B) increase interpersonal effectiveness in personal and work relationships to reduce interpersonal conflict.
C) increase distress tolerance and ability to accept "what is" to reduce crisis behaviors.
D) teach client insight strategies to help develop self-respect and self-compassion.
Q4) In what ways are DBT and TF-CBT similar? In what ways are they different?
Q5) Explain why the use of validation is important to the client.
Q6) What is the role of the counselor in DBT?
Q7) What is synthesis?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Family systems counselors are fundamentally strengths-based.This means focusing on each of the following EXCEPT:
A) viewing the individual as the enemy of the family.
B) advocating against labeling families as dysfunctional.
C) focusing on spiritual beliefs or hobbies to develop interventions.
D) recognizing the family as supportive and protective to individuals.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE when viewing the family as a system?
A) One single person in the family orchestrates the interactional patterns.
B) One single person can be blamed for family distress.
C) Personal characteristic are independent of the system.
D) All behavior makes sense in context.
Q3) The concept of "joining" a system is best described by which of the following statements?
A) The counselor verbally expresses empathy toward the client.
B) The client accommodates the counselor's position.
C) The client projects onto the counselor.
D) The counselor accommodates to the client.
Q4) How does homeostasis play a role in the family structure and system?
Q5) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?
Q6) List and describe 3 effective interventions employed by systemic therapists?
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solution-based counseling is appropriate for working with diverse populations because ___________________________________________________.
A) it uses a theory of health to predefine client goals
B) it focuses on identifying client's strengths
C) it uses an established set of values and meaning systems
D) all marginalized populations value problem-solving strategies
Q2) What is the role of the counselor in solution-focused counseling?
Q3) In solution-based approaches,the counselor collaborates with the client to envision _______________ for the problem.
A) alternatives
B) insights
C) explanations
D) solutions
Q4) How do solution-focused counselors view problems?
Q5) Describe the miracle question and how it might be useful in a session with a client.
Q6) How is the Beginner's Mind used in solution-focused counseling?
Q7) How are strengths utilized in solution-focused counseling?
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Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Q1) In what ways is collaborative counseling ideal for working with diverse populations?
Q2) The process that Collaborative counselors use to invite their client to join them in becoming curious about their lives in new ways is referred to as:
A) Re-configuration
B) Re-alignment
C) Meaning making
D) Mutual puzzling
Q3) In Narrative Counseling,the counselor helps clients create more balanced descriptions of the events of their lives to enable clients to build more accurate and appreciative descriptions of themselves and others.This process is referred to as:
A) Enacting Preferred Narratives
B) Meeting the Person
C) Thickening Descriptions
D) Separating Persons from Problems
Q4) What is the philosophic stance of a collaborative counselor and how does it affect the therapeutic relationship?
Q5) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Feminist approaches are based on the premise that ____________________________.
A) men have oppressed women, causing women to have irreparable emotional damage
B) humans seek and growth through connection with others across the life span
C) only female counselors are effective feminist counselors
D) women and men do not have distinctly different experiences.
Q2) Feminist counselors who work with women with low self-esteem may focus counseling on self-esteem training which involves
A) discouraging feelings of guilt and resentment
B) encouraging denial of what wants and not making requests on one's own behalf
C) keeping feelings safe inside and expressing feelings rarely to others
D) increasing a client's self-awareness and confidence
Q3) The experience a client has,in which he or she rejects parts of self,becoming disconnected from the self as well as others,is referred to as
A) internalized oppression
B) disempowerment
C) shame
D) self-control
Q4) How does connection play a role in feminist counseling?
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Q1) From the perspective of the _______________ approach,the truth is contextual and the counseling relationship is an empathic one in which the counselor serves to participate in the system in order to "perturb" it so that it can reorganize itself.
A) modernism
B) post-modernism
C) systemic
D) phenomenological
Q2) Discuss briefly each of the following: constructivism,social-constructivism,structuralism/postconstructuralism.
Q3) Discuss the difference between a theory and a philosophy.
Q4) Models that provide an organized template for integrating theories that incorporate evidence-based practices and target appropriate treatment for a specific client are referred to as __________________________.
A) common factors approach
B) theoretical integration
C) systemic treatment selection
D) evidence-based approaches
Q5) What qualities define good integration?
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Q1) When a counselor is developing an understanding of the client's presenting concern,the description of the presenting concern should include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) the reason(s) each client states he/she is seeking counseling or has been referred.
B) one definition or description of the problem.
C) any information from the referring agent (teacher, doctor, psychiatrist, etc.) and his/her description of the problem.
D) descriptions of the attempted solutions and the outcome of these attempts.
Q2) When a behavioral counselor is assessing a client using a schema analysis,the counselor is looking for what specifically,as it relates to the client's problem(s)?
A) relationship patterns
B) style of life
C) emotions
D) specific unhelpful beliefs
Q3) List and describe three elements of a case conceptualization.
Q4) What purpose do counseling theories serve?
Q5) How does a counselor utilize client strengths in the formation of a case conceptualization?
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