Counseling Children and Adolescents
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the theories, techniques, and skills necessary for effectively counseling children and adolescents in diverse settings. Emphasizing developmental, familial, and sociocultural factors, students will learn evidence-based practices for assessing and intervening with youth facing emotional, behavioral, and academic challenges. Through case studies, role-plays, and reflective exercises, the course also addresses ethical considerations, multicultural competence, and strategies for working collaboratively with families and other professionals to support healthy development and well-being in young clients.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Introduction 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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16 Chapters
1915 Verified Questions
1915 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first step in the scientific method is
A)collecting relevant data.
B)revising the working theory.
C)conceptualizing a problem.
D)using statistics to draw conclusions.
Answer: C
Q2) According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory,when a wife's or a child's experience at home is influenced by the husband's experiences at work,the situation serves as an example of the
A)microsystem.
B)mesosystem.
C)macrosystem.
D)exosystem.
Answer: D
Q3) How would a developmentalist who emphasizes continuity describe puberty?
A)It is an abrupt transition phase.
B)It is a gradual process occurring over several years.
C)It is a period of intense emotional stress.
D)It is an extended phase of psychosocial change.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since the completion of the Human Genome Project,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism have been the focus of studies using
A)the genome-wide association method.
B)linkage analysis.
C)next-generation sequencing.
D)dichotic listening techniques.
Answer: B
Q2) To study the effects of heredity on behavior,a behavior geneticist would be mostly likely to turn to which of the following?
A)a genome-wide association method
B)a study of gene-linked abnormalities
C)a twin study
D)an epigenetic development study
Answer: C
Q3) Describe the epigenetic view of development.
Answer: The epigenetic view states that development is the result of an ongoing,bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.Heredity and environment operate together-or collaborate-to produce various observable traits of a person.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rachel lost her job,found out that her husband is cheating on her,and lost her only brother to an automobile accident during the first seven months of her first pregnancy.What are the possible consequences of these events on her child?
Answer: Rachel likely is experiencing severe stress,anxiety,and depression.This can increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.Her child may also develop emotional or cognitive problems,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),and language delay.
Q2) Which drug is used to try to minimize or counter the effects of heroin on prenatal development?
A)methadone
B)caffeine
C)alcohol
D)oxytocin
Answer: A
Q3) What are the possible effects of folic acid deficiency in a pregnant woman's diet?
Answer: Folic acid deficiency in a pregnant woman's diet may lead to increased risk of the following: Neural tube defects,such as spina bifida,in the offspring Preterm birth
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Natural childbirth is a method that was developed in 1914 by
A)Grantly Dick-Read.
B)Ferdinand Lamaze.
C)T.Berry Brazelton.
D)Tiffany Field.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the third stage of birth?
A)It lasts a few hours.
B)It is the longest stage.
C)It lasts only minutes.
D)It is commonly referred to as the postpartum period.
Q3) Which of the following happens during the process of involution?
A)The cervix opens and the amniotic sac ruptures.
B)The placenta and umbilical cord are expelled.
C)The levels of estrogen and progesterone rise steeply.
D)The uterus returns to its prepregnant size.
Q4) Which of the following aids the process of involution?
A)consuming medicines for postpartum depression
B)engaging in kangaroo care
C)taking synthetic hormones like Pitocin
D)nursing the baby
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Daphne Maurer's research on the perceptual abilities of infants has provided evidence for a ________ period in the development of visual perception.
A)critical
B)sensitive
C)necessary
D)crucial
Q2) Which of the following methods uses a sound generating system to assess an infant's attention to sound?
A)magnetic resonance imaging method
B)orienting response method
C)visual preference method
D)high-amplitude sucking method
Q3) According to research,when 1-year-olds watch a television program they
A)process the words more than the picture.
B)stay focused on the main character for the entire show.
C)tend to focus on the most salient images appearing in the show.
D)focus more on their caregivers than the show.
Q4) What are the developmental changes in posture during infancy?
Q5) How does visual activity develop in infants?
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Wisenberg is studying the connections among the brain,cognition,and development.His specialty lies in the field of A)psychoanalysis.
B)behavioral genetics.
C)developmental cognitive neuroscience.
D)evolutionary psychology.
Q2) Children of parents who are professionals have ________ vocabularies at age 36 months compared to children whose parents are on welfare.
A)larger
B)smaller
C)equal
D)None of these answers is correct.
Q3) When compared to intelligence tests of older children,tests for infants are characterized by a
A)greater emphasis on measures of verbal intelligence.
B)lesser emphasis on perceptual-motor development.
C)greater emphasis on social interaction in infants.
D)lesser emphasis on the relationship with the infant's caregiver(s).
Q4) Explain the role of Broca's area and Wernicke's area with regard to language.
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the Bringing Home Baby project? How has it helped new parents?
Q2) Which of the following hormones is released during breast feeding and by contact and warmth?
A)cortisol
B)oxytocin
C)estradiol
D)serotonin
Q3) What is reciprocal socialization?
Q4) Which of the following is the MOST frequent expression of an infant's fear?
A)separation protest
B)transition apprehension
C)stranger anxiety
D)social consciousness
Q5) Brianna is playing with her son,Kevin.When Brianna smiles at Kevin,he smiles back at her,and when Kevin smiles at his mother she responds by smiling back at him.This shows that Brianna and Kevin are engaging in
A)reciprocal socialization.
B)social referencing.
C)secure attachment.
D)indirect interactions.
9
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jameis was more aggressive than his peers at age 8 and now as a teenager he exhibits excessive motor behavior.It is likely that as a child Jameis
A)suffered from malnutrition at an early age.
B)was tall for his age in his preschool years.
C)came from a high SES family.
D)was the firstborn child.
Q2) Experts now suggest that young children should exercise for a total of ________ minutes per day.
A)25
B)60
C)180
D)240
Q3) Which of the following key dietary shifts took place in U.S.children from the late 1970s through the late 1990s?
A)decreased dependence on fast-food meals
B)decreased consumption of soft drinks
C)greater away-from-home consumption
D)decreased energy obtained from salty snacks
Q4) Describe some influences on children's safety.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child is shown two identical balls of clay.One of the balls is then rolled out into the shape of a string and the child is asked which has more clay,the ball or the string.This process is a test of A)conservation.
B)animism.
C)self-consciousness.
D)egocentrism.
Q2) Which of the following statements about Piaget's preoperational stage is accurate?
A)The intuitive thought substage is the first substage of the preoperational stage.
B)During this stage,a child's cognitive world is dominated by egocentrism and magical beliefs.
C)It is the first stage of development,according to Piaget.
D)Children can perform reversible mental actions that allow them to do mentally what before they could do only physically.
Q3) Describe the child-centered kindergarten approach to education.
Q4) According to Vygotsky,what is the significance of private speech?
Q5) Describe the symbolic function substage of the preoperational stage.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The support that parents provide each other in jointly raising their child is known as A)codetermining.
B)fostering.
C)coparenting.
D)coregulation.
Q2) Research based in the United States and most Western cultures has shown that parents who have a higher socioeconomic status
A)create a home atmosphere in which it is clear that parents have authority over children.
B)primarily use physical punishment to discipline children.
C)behave in a less directive and more conversational manner with their children.
D)establish rules in a unilateral manner without the participation of the children.
Q3) What are the negative effects of television on children?
Q4) What are the developmental consequences of child abuse?
Q5) How do parents influence gender development in children?
Q6) How does Diana Baumrind describe indulgent parenting?
Q7) What is child neglect?
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Q8) What is pretense/symbolic play? How does it influence development in children?
Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is FALSE regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
A)It is more prevalent in girls than in boys.
B)There is concern that it is being overdiagnosed in children.
C)Increases in diagnoses may be linked to increased awareness of the disorder.
D)Diagnoses are sometimes not made by trained professionals.
Q2) How is a learning difficulty identified?
Q3) Which of the following should be encouraged for parents of children who participate in sports?
A)yelling at the child
B)pointing out the child's errors in front of others
C)allowing the child to make mistakes
D)comparing the child to more talented children
Q4) Obese Chinese children are at a greater risk for ________ than children who are not overweight.
A)high blood pressure
B)asthma
C)cancer
D)cerebral palsy
Q5) Give three examples of typical motor skills possessed by a 6-year-old child.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals who are gifted tend to
A)be gifted in many domains.
B)be gifted in a specific domain.
C)reveal their talents during young adulthood.
D)reveal their talents within the first six months of life.
Q2) Which of the following would most intelligence researchers agree with?
A)Changes in environment can alter IQ scores significantly.
B)Genetics are the dominant influence on IQ scores.
C)Genetic endowment has largely been debunked as an influence on intelligence.
D)A handful of specific genes can be identified as the core determinants of IQ.
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE of dual-language learning in the United States?
A)Bilingualism is not linked to positive outcomes for children in the United States.
B)Many immigrant children experience subtractive dual-language learning,in which they end up monolingual in English.
C)Most high schools in the U.S.have a rigorous dual-language requirement of dual fluency to graduate.
D)Immigrants in the U.S.are taught almost exclusively with the English-only approach.
Q4) Describe the whole-language and phonics approaches to teaching reading.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.
A)Controversial
B)Neglected
C)Targeted
D)Average
Q2) In which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning do trust,caring,and loyalty serve as bases of moral judgments?
A)heteronomous morality
B)individualism,instrumental purpose,and exchange
C)mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and interpersonal conformity
D)social systems morality
Q3) How do girls and boys differ with regard to socioemotional development in middle and late childhood?
Q4) Less secure attachment to a mother during childhood is linked to
A)better peer relations in high school.
B)increases in anxiety levels.
C)higher cognitive functioning.
D)better physical fitness.
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The transition from adolescence to adulthood has recently been referred to as
A)precocious adolescence.
B)emerging adulthood.
C)precocious puberty.
D)young adulthood.
Q2) Define puberty.
Q3) ________ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
A)Binge-eating disorder
B)Anorexia nervosa
C)Orthorexia nervosa
D)Trichotillomania
Q4) Which adolescent is MOST likely to engage in moderate to vigorous exercise?
A)Ally,an adolescent girl,on a weekday
B)Gail,an adolescent girl,on the weekend
C)Norm,an adolescent boy,on a weekday
D)Demetrius,an adolescent boy,on the weekend
Q5) Describe two adolescent eating disorders and the characteristics of individuals with each disorder.
Q6) Briefly describe sexually transmitted infections.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe danger invulnerability and psychological invulnerability.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about adolescents?
A)They are typically limited to solving problems through trial and error.
B)They are limited to actual experiences as anchors for thought.
C)They need to see the concrete elements A,B,and C to be able to make the logical inference that if A = B and B = C,then A = C.
D)They have an increased tendency to think about thought itself.
Q3) The high school dropout rate
A)for Native Americans is among the lowest,though data is hard to come by.
B)was slightly higher in 2014 than in the 1990s.
C)among ethnic groups was lowest for non-Latino Whites in 2014.
D)remains higher among males than females.
Q4) ________ is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and helping others in the community.
A)Environmental science
B)Service learning
C)Hidden curriculum
D)Religious learning
Q5) What is character education?
Q6) What are the changing values that are seen among adolescents today?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ parenting style was linked higher levels of parent-adolescent attachment.
A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)permissive
D)uninvolved
Q2) Low parental monitoring has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT
A)early graduation from high school.
B)juvenile delinquency.
C)alcohol use.
D)drug use.
Q3) Who among the following is LEAST likely to be depressed?
A)Mike,a 12-year-old male
B)Tony,a 15-year-old male
C)Harry,a 21-year-old male
D)Dave,an 18-year-old male
Q4) What is identity? Describe its various aspects.
Q5) Describe the four statuses of identity an individual can have,according to James Marcia.What basis does Marcia use for this classification?
Q6) Describe the nature of friendship in adolescence.
Page 18
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