Counseling and Addiction Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course explores fundamental theories, strategies, and interventions used in counseling individuals affected by substance use and addictive behaviors. Students will gain an understanding of the psychological, biological, social, and cultural factors influencing addiction, as well as the stages of change, assessment techniques, and evidence-based treatment approaches. Emphasis is placed on developing practical skills for building therapeutic relationships, managing relapse, and incorporating family and community resources into the recovery process. Special topics include co-occurring disorders, ethical considerations, and the impact of stigma on treatment outcomes.
Recommended Textbook Drugs Society and Human Behavior 15th Edition by Carl Hart
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18 Chapters
716 Verified Questions
716 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Drug Use: an Overview
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose a person is prescribed an opioid medication (similar to heroin)to treat a painful injury.But after her injury heals,she takes the drug primarily to feel euphoria.Based on this information alone,what term would you use to describe her drug use?
A)drug dependence
B)deviant drug use
C)drug abuse
D)drug misuse
Answer: D
Q2) Some drugs have the effect that,every time you take the drug,you increase slightly the probability that you will take it again.This process is referred to as A)reinforcement.
B)altered perception.
C)deviant drug use.
D)drug misuse.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following drugs has been clearly linked to crimes and violence?
A)alcohol
B)heroin
C)marijuana
D)cocaine
Answer: A
Q2) Physical dependence is often defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Rank the following drugs (from highest to lowest)according to the number of mentions in the 2009 DAWN emergency department dataset.
A)Cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids,antidepressants
B)Cocaine,prescription opioids,heroin,antidepressants
C)Alcohol-in-combination,cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids
D)Alcohol-in-combination,prescription opioids,heroin,cocaine
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One example where the U.S.interest in international drug control has conflicted with national security issues is
A)opium growing in Afghanistan.
B)coca growing in Peru.
C)marijuana growing in China.
D)MDMA (ecstasy)smuggling in Europe.
Answer: A
Q2) Compared to urine samples,hair samples
A)can be used to test for a greater variety of drugs.
B)can detect drug use for up to a week.
C)can detect drug use for up to 90 days.
D)are harder to obtain.
Answer: C
Q3) Substances with high abuse potential and no currently accepted medical use are listed in
A)the DAWN report.
B)Schedule I.
C)Schedule III.
D)precursors.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called
A)homeostasis.
B)uptake.
C)depolarization.
D)synthesis.
Q2) Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the A)brain stem.
B)frontal lobe.
C)cerebellum.
D)pituitary gland.
Q3) In the neuron,neurotransmitters are stored in the myelin sheaths.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The brain imaging technique that involves injection of radioactive chemicals in order to measure brain function is called
A)positron emission tomography (PET).
B)mass spectroscopy.
C)electron microscopy.
D)electrochemical detection.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the psychoactive drugs,alcohol can be classified as a(n)
A)stimulant.
B)opioid.
C)hallucinogen.
D)depressant.
Q2) Of the following routes of administration,which will produce fastest onset of effects?
A)inhalation.
B)intramuscular injection.
C)using a rectal suppository.
D)rubbing it on the head.
Q3) Most psychoactive drugs taken orally go directly from the stomach to the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the text,inexperienced drug users should avoid taking a drug via a route that increases the drug's potency.
A)True
B)False
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7
Chapter 6: Stimulants
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Use of cocaine during pregnancy has been clearly linked to many kinds of birth defects and mental retardation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is cocaine still used for medically?
A)It is prescribed for weight loss.
B)It is used as a local anesthetic for nasal,laryngeal,and esophageal surgeries.
C)It is used as a local anesthetic for dental surgeries.
D)Cocaine has no medical uses currently.
Q3) Some of the emotional justification for the 1914 Harrison Act can be found in a New York Times article from that year,called "Negro Cocaine 'Fiends' are a New Southern Menace."
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by
A)intravenous injection.
B)insufflation (snorting).
C)mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it.
D)smoking crack.
Q5) Explain the different preparations of cocaine and how they are used.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ambien (zolpidem)is a popular benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The usual recreational dose of GHB when taken alone is about
A)10-20 milligrams.
B)100 micrograms.
C)1-5 grams.
D)100-200 grams.
Q3) How are barbiturates usually classified?
A)duration of action
B)price
C)chemical structure
D)strength of hypnotic effect
Q4) Inhalant use has traditionally been more common among
A)poor Hispanic and Native American youth.
B)middle-class white children.
C)middle-class black children.
D)construction workers.
Q5) Explain how a drug's rate of onset and duration of action affect psychological dependence and withdrawal.Give examples from this chapter.
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A chronic psychotic condition with no known physical cause is likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The MAO inhibitors are considered to be atypical antipsychotics.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the symptoms of a major depressive episode is decreased or increased appetite.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the early part of the 20th century,a cure was found for a syphilitic infection that caused a psychosis called A)schizophrenia
B)specific phobia
C)general paresis
D)phenothiazine
Q5) The mood disorders include specific phobia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most commercial beers sold in the U.S.,the alcohol content is about A)80 proof.
B)20 percent.
C)8 percent.
D)4 percent.
Q2) National prohibition of alcohol sales in the U.S.from 1920-1933 reduced alcohol-related hospitalizations and deaths,and apparently reduced overall per capita consumption of alcohol.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In studies relating homicide to alcohol use, A)there is no statistical relationship between drinking and homicide. B)about half of all murderers and about half of all homocide victims had been drinking. C)murderers were likely to have been drinking,but their victims were not. D)victims were likely to have been drinking,but the murderers were not.
Q4) Hangover-prevention products sold on TV and over the Internet are actually pretty effective if they contain activated charcoal.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the 18<sup>th</sup> century,which method of use of tobacco increased in England?
A)cigarettes
B)snuff
C)pipes
D)chewing tobacco
Q2) Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S.began to decline
A)after WWII.
B)after the 1964 Surgeon General's report.
C)in 1980.
D)about ten years ago.
Q3) New battery-powered electronic cigarettes (i.e.,tobacco-less nicotine delivery systems)are quickly becoming one the largest U.S.exports.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most popular form of tobacco use in America before 1900 was cigar smoking.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Caffeine
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 18<sup>th</sup> century,English coffeehouses were referred to as A)dens of iniquity.
B)penny universities.
C)health clinics.
D)Starbucks.
Q2) The early history of coffee included a 1674 pamphlet from England titled A)The Women's Petition Against Coffee.
B)Nectar of the Heavens.
C)Bad Berries.
D)Roasted in Hell.
Q3) Compare caffeinism and the possible Caffeine-Dependence Syndrome.
Q4) The unique xanthine in chocolate is A)hysocine.
B)diphenhydramine.
C)theobromine.
D)methylene chloride.
Q5) Explain the effects that caffeine has on the central nervous system.
Q6) There are no consistent documented withdrawal symptoms from caffeine. A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Dietary Supplements and Over The Counter
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The generic ingredient in Advil is acetylsalicylic acid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The acronym GRAS stands for
A)generally regarded as secure.
B)generally recognized as significant.
C)generally recognized as safe.
D)generally regarded as sound.
Q3) The FDA was given additional authority over dietary supplements in 2006 to set up A)random safety checks.
B)requirements for effectiveness.
C)limits on television advertising.
D)an "Adverse Events Reporting" process.
Q4) Starting in 2007,the only FDA-approved OTC weight-control ingredient is A)PPA.
B)caffeine.
C)orlistat (alli).
D)CCK.
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Q5) Describe the recent history and current status of OTC weight control products.
Chapter 13: Opioids
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although pain relief is now the major medical use for opioids,they have been used to save many lives (especially in underdeveloped countries)because of their ability to A)decrease violent behavior.
B)lower blood pressure.
C)treat diarrhea.
D)decrease bleeding.
Q2) Papaver somniferum is the scientific name for A)methadone.
B)the willow tree.
C)the opium poppy.
D)a research group studying sleep disorders.
Q3) In recent years,heroin use has been a rapidly spreading problem in the U.S.suggesting that it is becoming an epidemic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe how both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement contribute to the development of dependence on opioid drugs.
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Chapter 14: Psychedelics
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deadly nightshade is the common name for bufotenin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Many terms have been used for hallucinogens.The term entheogen has been used for those drugs thought to create spiritual or religious experiences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In hunter-gatherer societies,the shaman or medicine man (or woman)was important not only for understanding what we now call medicine,but also because he or she was
A)usually a close relative of the chief.
B)a spiritual,or religious leader.
C)also a judge who decided how to punish misbehavior.
D)often the wealthiest member of the group.
Q4) Which of the following most accurately describes recent psilocybin research?
A)the acute effects on mystical experiences
B)the acute effects on synesthesia
C)the chronic effects on panic reactions
D)the chronic effects on liver function
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Chapter 15: Cannabis
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary active ingredient in marijuana is
A)delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
B)psilocybin.
C)phencyclidine.
D)muscimol.
Q2) The 1944 LaGuardia report of the New York Academy of Medicine concluded that "those who have been smoking marihuana for a period of years ..."
A)were unable to function as productive members of society.
B)showed no mental or physical deterioration.
C)were almost never drunkards.
D)showed a high rate of primary impotence.
Q3) Cannabis sativa is grown primarily for its psychoactive resins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Studies show that marijuana increases which of the following?
A)Verbal exchanges.
B)Nonverbal social interactions.
C)Nausea and vomiting.
D)Empathy.
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) College athletes who want to avoid failing a drug test
A)can easily do so by not taking steroids and not taking amphetamines.
B)have to be sure to avoid eating almonds,because they might cause a false positive.
C)have to be very careful,because there are more than 3,000 products containing banned substances.
D)basically would have to not eat or drink anything the day of the event.
Q2) Besides amphetamine,what other stimulant drugs have been or are being used by athletes to improve performance? Describe the current status of each of these.
Q3) Which of the following stimulant drugs have been used as performance enhancers in athletic competitions
A)strychnine
B)cocaine
C)caffeine
D)all of the above
Q4) In the National Football League,use of both amphetamines and steroids by players was banned in 1971.
A)True
B)False
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In discussing what we should be doing in drug prevention,the text says,"above all"
A)never admit your own substance use.
B)make people believe they will be caught and punished.
C)avoid sensational scare stories and preachy approaches.
D)make sure that people get a complete understanding of the drug's pharmacology.
Q2) Which of these is NOT one of the Institute of Medicine's classifications for prevention programs?
A)affective prevention
B)universal prevention
C)selective prevention
D)indicated prevention
Q3) One study of the Life Skills Training program found significantly lower use of
A)marijuana
B)alcohol
C)tobacco
D)all of the above
Q4) Drug use and abuse is a relatively recent development in our society.
A)True
B)False
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Possible, and Whats Feasible
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rapid opioid detoxification is based on
A)the use of methadone to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
B)making sure that the user experiences the full discomfort of withdrawal,while providing medical support.
C)anesthetizing users and administering an antagonist,so that withdrawal occurs while they are asleep.
D)switching the user to a shorter-duration opioid.
Q2) Is treatment for drug dependence effective?
A)Only if the user wants it to work.
B)Most studies do not show any effectiveness.
C)Statistically,treatment does reduce crime and increase employment.
D)Yes,more than half of those treated remain abstinent for more than a year.
Q3) The most effective potential medical treatment for cocaine dependence appears to be the antidepressant drug citalopram.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The majority of drug treatment takes place in an outpatient setting.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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