Counseling Across the Lifespan Textbook Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Counseling Across the Lifespan explores the developmental, psychological, and social challenges individuals face from childhood through older adulthood, examining how these factors influence mental health and well-being. The course covers key counseling theories and intervention strategies tailored to various life stages, including childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. Emphasis is placed on cultural, familial, and community contexts, as well as on ethical considerations unique to each developmental phase. Students will develop skills in assessment, case conceptualization, and application of counseling techniques appropriate for diverse populations throughout the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development A Life-Span View 3rd Edition by Christine Ateah
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Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Tina was given a huge salary increase, she was able to get things for her children that they had always needed and move into a nicer home. According to Bronfenbrenner, what does this increase in the mother's salary exemplify?
A) the impact of the children's exosystem
B) the impact of the children's mesosystem
C) the impact of the children's macrosystem
D) the impact of the children's microsystem
Answer: A
Q2) After studying his history, Giles is excused from having to wash the dishes, a task he detests. What are Giles's parents attempting to use to increase Giles's studying?
A) positive reinforcement
B) punishment
C) extinction
D) negative reinforcement
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Biological Foundations
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106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whose mother most likely took thalidomide while pregnant?
A) Dean, who has a heart defect
B) Michael, who has deformed arms and legs
C) Jerry, who is deaf
D) Larry, who is severely mentally retarded
Answer: B
Q2) What do AIDS and genital herpes have in common?
A) They can be passed along to an infant as they pass through the birth canal.
B) They typically result in blindness.
C) They cannot be transmitted to a fetus through the placenta.
D) They can be eliminated by maternal inoculation.
Answer: A
Q3) Kali is 180 centimetres (5 feet, 11 inches) tall, plays tennis, and is an all around nice person. What is this is a description of?
A) Kali's allele
B) Kali's genotype
C) Kali's homozygosity
D) Kali's phenotype
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Tools for Exploring the World
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148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of habituation?
A) turning your head to listen to a passing jet
B) tasting sushi for the first time and liking it
C) focusing your eyes on 3-D art pictures until the 3-D image pops into view
D) getting used to traffic noises in your downtown Toronto apartment
Answer: D
Q2) Two-year-old Amy's parents recently bought her an aquarium. Despite having only heard the word "fish" a few times, Amy appears to realize that the term refers to those little moving things in the tank. What behaviour is Amy exhibiting?
A) infant-directed speech
B) the one-to-one principle
C) fast mapping
D) the cardinality principle
Answer: C
Q3) When an infant is exposed to a painful stimulant, what happens?
A) He or she cannot experience pain.
B) He or she doesn't react to pain inducing stimuli.
C) He or she produces a distinct "pain cry."
D) He or she is much more sensitive to pain than teenagers.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Entering the Social World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who has most likely just developed stranger wariness?
A) Betsy, who has just learned to roll over
B) Leon, who has just learned to crawl
C) Calvin, who has just learned to walk
D) Lisa, who has just started school
Q2) At approximately what age is the first altruistic behaviour most likely to appear?
A) 12 months of age
B) 18 months of age
C) 24 months of age
D) 30 months of age
Q3) According to research, which ethnicity of babies tends to be fearful and emotionally negative?
A) Russian
B) Chinese
C) French
D) African American
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Chapter 5: Growing and Learning in the Preschool Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Little Brittany has just woken up in a panicked state in the early part of the night. She is breathing rapidly and perspiring heavily. She doesn't respond to her parents when they come into her room; instead, she falls back asleep and doesn't remember what happened during the night. What did Brittany experience?
A) sleepwalking
B) night terror
C) dream
D) nightmare
Q2) Amanda's 4-year-old daughter, Lin, was the only witness to a robbery. As Amanda's friend and "psychology expert," what advice would you give her to help ensure that Lin provides the most accurate testimony to police?
A) Tell Amanda to avoid discussing the issue for at least one month.
B) Have Amanda tell Lin that the investigators may sometimes ask "tricky" questions so it is okay if she doesn't have all the answers.
C) Have Amanda listen to Lin's version and offer Lin assistance as to how to make the story clearer.
D) Encourage Amanda to make sure the investigators stick to "yes/no" items.
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Chapter 6: Interacting and the Work of Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to The Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (2005), what percentage of substantiated cases of physical abuse of children occurred when the caregiver was punishing the child?
A) 35 percent
B) 68 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 86 percent
Q2) Which person is most likely using a gender stereotype to describe Erin?
A) Elvis: "Erin is mean. I saw her push someone on the playground."
B) Graham: "Erin really likes cooking. Every week she bakes a batch of cookies and brings them to class."
C) Roddy "Erin is like all females-sensitive and compassionate."
D) Christopher: "Erin is different from anyone else I have ever met-she is really weird."
Q3) How would you best characterize an indulgent-permissive parent?
A) non-warm and controlling
B) warm and controlling
C) non-warm and uncontrolling
D) warm and uncontrolling
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8
Chapter 7: Off to School
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104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which question is best answered through convergent thinking?
A) "What is life?"
B) "How is knowledge of developmental psychology useful?"
C) "Who is the best football player of all time?"
D) "What is 5 + 5?"
Q2) Jerry is a grade 1 student who struggles with addition and subtraction. His math tutor has taught him a popular method to assist Jerry with his challenges. What is this simple method of solving addition problems that will benefit Jerry?
A) writing numbers on paper to see the numbers
B) using a calculator
C) counting on one's fingers
D) using an abacus
Q3) Tyree is extremely good at identifying the motivations and intentions of the people he meets. According to Gardner, what kind of intelligence is Tyree high in?
A) intrapersonal intelligence
B) body-kinesthetic intelligence
C) logical-mathematical intelligence
D) interpersonal intelligence
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Chapter 8: Expanding Social Horizons
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is most likely to be distressed by the fact that she has a new baby brother?
A) Annabella, who is 2 years old
B) Noni, who has two older sisters
C) Monique, who has one older brother
D) Patsy, who has four siblings
Q2) There is a group in town made up of girls who like golf. Who is most likely to be the leader of the group?
A) Annika, who is the best golfer in the group
B) Holly, who has the most outgoing personality
C) Nancy, who is the wealthiest person in the group
D) Cathy, who is the best student in the group
Q3) Clive says that Erik is his best friend because "We like to play with each other, and Erik always lets me use his soccer ball." How old is Clive most likely to be?
A) 5 years old
B) 8 years old
C) 12 years old
D) 15 years old
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Chapter 9: Rites of Passage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ellie allows her friend Justine to play with her favourite doll with the hope that Justine will allow Ellie to borrow her stuffed toy cat on the weekend. At what stage is Ellie's moral behaviour arrived?
A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) stage 4
Q2) Katy is a young woman who matured at a young age. Which of the following scenarios is Katy likely to experience?
A) She will have behavioural problems.
B) She will be academically strong and get good grades.
C) She will be popular in social situations.
D) She will experience a great deal of stress throughout her life.
Q3) What criticism did Gilligan (1982) have about Kohlberg's emphasis on justice?
A) It applied more to children than adults.
B) It applied more to Whites than Blacks.
C) It applied more to men than women.
D) It applied more to relationships than work issues.
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Chapter 10: Moving into the Adult Social World
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are the results of the Strong Interest Inventory presented?
A) via a profile of basic interests across several scales
B) via an intelligence score
C) via a personality inventory
D) via quantitative and verbal scores
Q2) Why are adolescents from lower socioeconomic classes more likely to become delinquent?
A) because there are more criminal models available to lower-class youth
B) because they are overinvested in their school performance
C) because they are less intelligent
D) because they simply like to become delinquent and commit crimes
Q3) Approximately what percentage of women do not experience any symptoms with chlamydia?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 95%
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12
Chapter 11: Becoming an Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) A baseball coach tells a pitcher, "I think that with a little training you could learn to throw a knuckleball." What does the coach's remark suggest about ability?
A) It has multidimensionality.
B) It has plasticity.
C) It has multidirectionality.
D) It has fluid nature.
Q2) Why is a role transition so important?
A) because it occurs at the same age for individuals within a given cultural population
B) because it involves family relationships
C) because it leads to significant decreases in stress
D) because it involves the acquisition of new responsibilities
Q3) Kali has a theory of intelligence that views intelligence as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. What kind of theory is this?
A) a multidirectional theory
B) a multidimensional theory
C) a conventional theory
D) a life-span construct theory
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13
Chapter 12: Being with Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is most likely to get remarried the fastest after getting divorced?
A) Lisa, who is a well-established business executive
B) Glenn, who is a 30-year-old male
C) Jeanette, who is a 40-year-old female
D) Roberta, who has 4 years of post-secondary education
Q2) While Victor and Nicole have very strong sexual feelings for each other, they have little interest in intimacy or commitment. What type of relationship do they have?
A) infatuation
B) friendship
C) consummate love
D) companionate love
Q3) Thirty-six-year-old Alexander and 25-year-old Jonathan are typical first-time fathers. Which of the following would we expect?
A) Alexander will spend more time with his child than Jonathan will with his.
B) Alexander and Jonathan will spend about the same amount of time with their children.
C) Jonathan will spend more time with his child than Alexander will with his.
D) Jonathan will spend more time with his child if his child is male and Alexander's is female.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Work and Leisure
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following countries is age discrimination common for those over 45 years of age?
A) Germany
B) Italy
C) United States of America
D) Mexico
Q2) When do Super's theory of occupational development stages begin?
A) in adolescence
B) in young adulthood
C) in middle childhood
D) in middle adulthood
Q3) According to the Canadian Labour Congress (2008), men hold what proportion of senior management positions, as compared to women?
A) 2 times more
B) 3 times more
C) 4 times more
D) 5 times more
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Making It in Midlife
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stress and coping paradigm focuses on the interactive relationship between two elements. What are they?
A) person and environment
B) mind and body
C) hormones and neurotransmitters
D) family and work
Q2) In 1999, Allaire and Marsiske demonstrated that practical intelligence was related to which of the following?
A) psychometric intelligence
B) existential intelligence
C) intra-personal intelligence
D) interpersonal intelligence
Q3) While most women have their last period in their early 50s, what happens with a woman's genital organs?
A) Vaginal walls shrink.
B) Vaginal lubrication increases.
C) The quantity of pubic hair increases.
D) The external genitalia increase in size.
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Chapter 15: The Personal Context of Later Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Avery has a great deal of knowledge that she applies skillfully to most any situation. She does not turn her back on the difficult problems in life, but rather applies her great knowledge to give expert advice in order to aid individuals and society. What is Avery exhibiting?
A) working memory
B) wisdom
C) adaptive skills
D) divided attention
Q2) After assessing Nalini's brain, her physician comments, "You have significantly reduced amounts of dopamine in your midbrain." What does Nalini most likely have?
A) Huntington's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Q3) Which characteristic has been linked to wisdom?
A) empathy
B) egocentrism
C) neuroticism
D) sympathy
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Social Aspects of Later Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately how many times more are Canadian women more likely to become widowed than their male counterparts?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Q2) When is maladaptive behaviour most likely?
A) under conditions of high competence and weak environmental press
B) under conditions of medium competence and moderate environmental press
C) under conditions of low competence and weak environmental press
D) under conditions of no competence and no environmental press
Q3) What is the most commonly reported type of abuse?
A) physical abuse
B) emotional or psychological abuse
C) abandonment
D) financial or material abuse
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18
Chapter 17: The Final Passage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the components in the four-component model of the grieving process?
A) time of the loss and age of the deceased
B) restoration-oriented stressors
C) continuation of subjective meaning associated with the loss
D) loss-oriented stressors
Q2) According to research presented in your textbook, which theory is most useful in understanding how young adults deal with death?
A) cognitive developmental theory
B) attachment theory
C) Kübler-Ross's stage theory
D) terror management theory
Q3) Who is most likely to undergo a change in their sense of time, from an emphasis on how long they have lived already to how long they have left to live?
A) adolescents
B) young adults
C) middle-aged adults
D) older adults
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