Counseling Across the Lifespan Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Counseling Across the Lifespan explores the unique developmental, psychological, and sociocultural factors that influence individuals at various stages of life, from childhood through older adulthood. The course examines major theories of human development and applies them to counseling practice, addressing key transitions, mental health challenges, and environmental influences at each stage. Students will develop culturally responsive strategies for assessment, intervention, and prevention while considering the impact of family, community, and identity across the lifespan. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations and evidence-based approaches for working effectively with diverse populations throughout the human life cycle.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 9th Edition by
Carol K. Sigelman
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17 Chapters
2038 Verified Questions
2038 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The twentieth century's unique addition to the definition of old age is the idea of A)dementia.
B)ageism.
C)inevitable decline.
D)retirement.
Answer: D
Q2) Dr.Hernandez was recently disciplined by her university's review board for expressing ethnocentric ideas in a journal article.Which of Dr.Hernandez's statements likely led the board to its decision?
A)Elderly Hispanics scored higher on tests of visual acuity than elderly Europeans.
B)Hispanic parents are more loving and attentive than parents from other cultures.
C)Hispanic children in the age 4 to 6 cohort demonstrated higher physical agility.
D)Teenage Hispanic males have a higher drop-out rate than Asian or white peers.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson's psychosocial theory is more useful than Freud's psychosexual theory because
A)it is easily testable.
B)it emphasizes cognition.
C)it is more comprehensive.
D)it is more contextual.
Answer: C
Q2) Clayton's friends have been known to call him a bit of a control freak.He has no problem with that label;he prefers to be the master of his own universe - even when it comes to his developmental journey through life.Which theorist would Clayton consider as his champion?.
A)Skinner
B)Erikson
C)Bandura
D)Watson
Answer: C
Q3) Erikson suggested that humans develop over a series of psychosexual stages.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Genes,Environment,and Development
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Tayvon was born last month,genetic tests cleared him of any genetic abnormalities.How many autosomal chromosomes does Tayvon have?
A)46
B)44
C)23
D)22
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following indicates strong concordance for a particular social trait among identical twins?
A)+.82
B)38%
C) .68
D)79%
Answer: D
Q3) The heritability of IQ scores appears to increase between infancy and adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fifty years ago,pregnant women's use of epidurals
A)was less than the use of more broad-spectrum sedatives.
B)was substantially lower than it is for women today.
C)was as common as pregnant women smoking at the time
D)was viewed as a step backwards from modern medicine.
Q2) Back in 1962,Celeste started taking the drug thalidomide in her sixth month of pregnancy.What were the likely impacts of Celeste's behavior on her baby?
A)cognitive impairment
B)heart problems
C)deformed or missing limbs
D)no harmful effects
Q3) Which of the following is true?
A)The quality of a postnatal environment has little impact on the effect of a teratogen.
B)The genetic makeup of a fetus can influence the impact of a teratogen.
C)The effects of a teratogen do not appear to be related to the "dose" received.
D)An organ system is least vulnerable to the effects of a teratogen when it is developing rapidly.
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Chapter 5: Body, Brain, and Health
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants may spend so much time in REM sleep because REM sleep is
A)needed for the formation of a strong id.
B)important for learning and memory processes.
C)critical for normal muscle and reflex development.
D)necessary to ensure the infant continues to breathe during sleep.
Q2) Which reflex evolves into the startle reflex?
A)Moro
B)Babinski
C)rooting
D)grasping
Q3) Most physical systems peak sometime between A)infancy and childhood.
B)childhood and early adulthood.
C)early adulthood and middle adulthood.
D)middle adulthood and older adulthood.
Q4) Describe the gains and losses that occur in the brain as adults age.Provide examples for how these changes can affect older adults.
Q5) What sociohistorical trends have contributed to the significant rise in childhood obesity over the past 20 years? Justify your thinking with examples.
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Visual contour is specifically defined as the amount of _____ of a visual object.
A)curvature
B)light/dark transition
C)size
D)movement
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding newborn infants' vision?
A)Infants do not have color vision until around six months of age.
B)Much of what young infants see is blurry.
C)Pattern complexity has no impact on infants' visual preferences.
D)Initial visual accommodation skills allow infants to focus clearly on far objects but not near objects.
Q3) Which of the following best describes the dynamic between multitasking and academic performance?
A)There is no correlation between academic performance and multitasking.
B)Multitasking and academic performance have an inverse relationship.
C)Academic performance has a strong positive correlation to multitasking.
D)Multitasking and academic performance have a synergistic relationship.
Q4) How does the sense of hearing change in older adulthood? What is the impact of these changes?
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Chapter 7: Cognition
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "crowning achievement" of the sensorimotor stage is the ability to
A)display secondary circular reactions.
B)deal with a purely abstract task.
C)conserve.
D)construct mental symbols to guide behavior.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of the A not B error?
A)inability to realize that a bowl of ice cream has the same amount when the ice cream has melted
B)tendency to search for an object in a place where it was last found rather than in a new hiding place
C)failing to convert a formal operations schema into an dialectical hypothesis
D)engaging in private dialogue on a task rather than getting help from a more skilled person
Q3) The key to a personal fable is the belief that you
A)are being watched by an imaginary audience.
B)have an "invisible" friend.
C)cannot deal with abstract concepts like philosophy or theology.
D)are different from everyone else.
Q4) What are the main cognitive advances made during the concrete operational stage of development?
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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Julia is reminiscing with her daughter in the garden of the nursing home where she has lived since age 72.Which of the following events will Julia have the most detailed memory of?
A)being in the fifth grade spring concert
B)graduating with honors from college
C)buying a home with her second husband
D)celebrating her 30th anniversary at work
Q2) The main distinction between short-term memory and working memory is that working memory is
A)larger.
B)unconscious.
C)actively processed.
D)sensory based.
Q3) While attempting to find his lost toy bear,10-month-old Teddy pulls away a couch cushion and finds the bear he watched his mother hide there 10 minutes earlier.This best demonstrates the use of _____ memory.
A)recognition
B)recall
C)implicit
D)sensory register
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the Flynn effect and what it demonstrates about the role of genes and environment on intelligence.Do you see an eventual limit to the Flynn effect? Explain your reasoning.
Q2) The stability of IQ scores
A)is highest in infancy.
B)becomes fairly high starting at around age four.
C)is highest with longer times between testing sessions.
D)is high for individual children but low for large groups of children.
Q3) Explain how Sternberg's ideas of investment theory and confluence are demonstrated in areas such as Silicon Valley that are known for innovation.Be sure to note examples of at least three of Sternberg's six factors in your discussion.
Q4) If you want to predict later intelligence using some infant measure,which of the following measures would be best to use with the infants?
A)Bayley DQ scores
B)Stanford-Binet IQ scores
C)Wechsler performance scores
D)Habituation response scores
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11
Chapter 10: Language and Education
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many of the following ("d," "da," "dada," "daddy")are phonemes?
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q2) Describe the linguistic concepts of phonemes,syntax,semantics,pragmatics,prosody,and word segmentation.Be sure to provide examples of each.
Q3) Unskilled readers tend to _____ more than skilled readers.
A)rely on phonological cues
B)make sure their eyes "hit" all words
C)use context to help identify words
D)connect letters and sounds
Q4) In a holophrase,
A)a single word conveys the meaning of an entire sentence.
B)the same word is used for many objects in an environment.
C)an infant makes vocalizations consisting only of vowel sounds.
D)a vocalization is produced,but it has no meaning.
Q5) How does level of achievement change during adolescence and adulthood? What factors lead to declines or increases in achievement?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rhonda's mother and father are both professional singers,as are her two older sisters.Rhonda is in college,enrolled in a music curriculum.When asked about her career goals,she states,"I'll be a singer,of course.Everyone in my family is a singer.I've never thought of being anything else." Rhonda's identity status is best described in terms of
A)foreclosure
B)moratorium.
C)identity achievement.
D)diffusion.
Q2) Jackson is about to retire.In preparation,he has begun to take up golf as a way to fill some of the time he would normally have been at work.Jackson's response best fits with the _____ theory concerning successful aging.
A)temperament
B)activity
C)disengagement
D)stagnation
Q3) Describe the concepts of real self and ideal self in adulthood.Explain how and why the gap between these concepts tends to change between young and older adulthood.Provide an example to support your thinking.
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) She is sad to see him go,but Carol's last child has moved away to college in another state.Which of the following is Carol most likely to do in the next year?
A)interview for jobs
B)join a church group
C)quit her workout club
D)connect with cousins
Q2) Which statement concerning toddlers' understanding of gender roles is true?
A)Females appear to understand gender-based activities much earlier than males.
B)Males appear to understand gender-based activities much earlier than females.
C)Females and males appear to understand gender-based activities at the same age.
D)Toddlers do not show any understanding of gender-based Activities.
Q3) For Kohlberg,the outcome of the three childhood stages of gender development is the acquisition of gender
A)moratorium.
B)flexibility.
C)androgyny.
D)constancy.
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14
Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write short profiles of people who fall into each of the two subgroups of antisocial youths,including age of onset,possible behaviors,causes,and prognosis for later in life.
Q2) Who is most likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior in high school?
A)a Hispanic American teenager
B)a Japanese teenager
C)a European American teenager
D)a Scandinavian teenager
Q3) Carlos believes that rules such as "don't hit" are more important than "don't eat food in the living room." If Carlos is a normally developing child,what is the earliest age at which he would have come to such a conclusion?
A)2 years
B)6 years
C)10 years
D)14 years
Q4) What is the underlying concept of the false belief task?
A)discerning between right and wrong
B)setting aside moral considerations
C)understanding what others think
D)pretending to feel sympathy for people
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Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teenagers who have secure attachments to their parents will experience which of the following in their adult friendships and romantic relationships?
A)heightened conflict
B)higher quality
C)greater dependence
D)more volatility
Q2) Baby Lonnie has begun to express delight when seeing the faces of his mom,dad,and older sister.How old is Lonnie?
A)2-6 weeks old
B)2-3 months old
C)7-8 months old
D)11-12 months or older
Q3) Behind Garfield Grammar School,100 fifth graders are participating in the annual field day.About how many of these students are rejected by their peers?
A)7
B)12
C)19
D)23
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Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are assigned to create a program at an inner city community organization to lower the incidence of child abuse in families.List three strategies you will employ in your program,and provide rationales for your ideas.
Q2) The launching of the last child tends to result in an increase in marital satisfaction.
A)True B)False
Q3) What parenting style was employed in your family when you were growing up? If you had two active parents,did they both use the same style,or different styles? How were you affected by this parenting?
Q4) Which of the following couples likely ranks lowest in marital satisfaction?
A)Binh and Thuy,who have decided not to have children
B)Arlene and Ted,whose last child moved out a year ago
C)Khalid and Sasha,whose daughter just turned one
D)Tina and Jorge,who have two kids in elementary school
Q5) Parents whose young children frequently bicker and battle are likely employing a faulty parenting style.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following will likely experience more internalizing problems?
A)Malik,a 7-year-old boy
B)Nina,a 9-year-old girl
C)Avi,a 14-year-old boy
D)Tracey,a 16-year-old girl
Q2) In the United States,suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in adolescence.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
Q3) The fact that children with behavioral disorders are unlikely to exhibit these disorders as adults best illustrates the concept of developmental A)continuity.
B)discontinuity.
C)comorbidity.
D)rigidity.
Q4) Compare and contrast anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa,including symptoms,causes,and treatment.What role does our culture play in these disorders,and what could be done to address this issue? Give three examples to illustrate your ideas.
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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to Kübler-Ross's theory,subsequent research on death and dying has A)provided substantial support for her theory.
B)found that anger is not a typical reaction to death.
C)found that the dying process does not progress sequentially.
D)found that her theory holds in the United States,but not in other cultures.
Q2) Hospice programs are based on the idea that A)drugs for controlling pain are given freely.
B)doctors are the "experts" when it comes to dying.
C)families have no place in death counseling.
D)never stop attempting to cure a terminally ill person.
Q3) The most common adjustment reaction to death of a spouse involves a resilient pattern.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Based on statistics,which United States resident would you expect to have the shortest lifespan?
A)Tyler,an African-American male
B)Tonya,an African-American female
C)Patrick,an European-American male
D)Ellie,an European-American female
Page 19
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