Counseling Across the Lifespan Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Counseling Across the Lifespan explores the theories, methods, and practical applications of counseling individuals at various stages of human development. The course covers issues and challenges unique to childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and older adulthood, examining cultural, social, and contextual factors that influence development and well-being. Students learn age-appropriate assessment techniques, intervention strategies, and the ethical considerations involved in providing counseling services across the lifespan, with an emphasis on adaptability and sensitivity to diverse client needs.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Human Development 12th Edition by Diane E. Papalia
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19 Chapters
1810 Verified Questions
1810 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/31306
Sample Questions
Q1) The impact of technological developments such as video games,computers,and the Internet are considered
A)nonnormative age-graded influences.
B)normative history-graded influences.
C)normative age-graded influences.
D)nonnormative history-graded influences.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following activities improved student grades,reduced school absences,and resulted in fewer behavioral problems?
A)Increased physical activity
B)Increased amount of sleep
C)Free breakfast
D)Free tutoring programs
Answer: C
Q3) The principle that human development is adaptive means
A)it is coherent and organized.
B)it is aimed at dealing with internal and external conditions of existence.
C)development proceeds from simple to complex.
D)None of these
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Theory and Research
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of Erikson's stages involved a major developmental issue that is particularly important at that time.Erikson referred to these issues as __________ in personality.
A)traumas
B)crises
C)stages
D)phases
Answer: B
Q2) If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.
A)naturalistic
B)mechanistic
C)organismic
D)maturationistic
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Forming a New Life
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although Jean-Paul's adoptive parents are quite short,he is growing to be quite tall like his biological mother.What might we conclude about Jean-Paul's height?
A)It is influenced primarily by the positive environment of the adoptive family.
B)It is influenced primarily by heredity.
C)Nutrition did not influence his height.
D)It is primarily a result of independent segregation.
Answer: B
Q2) When tall homozygous pea plants are crossbred with homozygous short pea plants,the resulting hybrids are tall,but in the next generation,one out of four plants is short.This experiment demonstrates Mendel's law of
A)independent segregation.
B)dominant inheritance.
C)incomplete dominance.
D)multifactorial inheritance.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Birth and Physical Development During the First
Three Years
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be beneficial for a low-birth-weight baby?
A)Being left alone except for basic care
B)Being touched and massaged
C)A simple sensory environment,to avoid overstimulation
D)A cool environment to reduce fluid loss from sweating
Q2) The leading cause of infant mortality in the United States is A)respiratory distress.
B)cancer.
C)automobile accidents.
D)birth defects.
Q3) A structure deep in the temporal lobe that plays a key role in memory and related functions is the A)thalamus.
B)basil ganglia.
C)hippocampus.
D)cerebellum.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development During the First Three Years
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The basic sounds of an infant's native language are called A)graphemes.
B)phonemes.
C)phonetics.
D)morphemes.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the newer approaches to studying cognitive development?
A)Information-processing approach
B)Psychometric approach
C)Cognitive neuroscience approach
D)Social-contextual approach
Q3) When Piaget's daughter,Lucienne,figured out how to remove a watch chain from a box by widening the opening and opened and closed her mouth to signify this,she had reached what substage?
A)Substage 2-primary circular
B)Substage 4-coordination of secondary schemes
C)Substage 5-tertiary circular
D)Substage 6-mental combinations
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Chapter 6: Psychosocial Development During the First
Three Years
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the foundation of socialization?
A)Self-awareness
B)Self-description
C)Self-regulation
D)Self-recognition
Q2) A 9-month-old infant who cries when the mother leaves is showing
A)separation anxiety.
B)stranger anxiety.
C)anxious attachment.
D)overdependence.
Q3) Across cultures,the type and level of involvement that fathers engage in with their infants
A)differs.
B)is quite similar.
C)is identical to the style of play that mothers exhibit.
D)is more verbal in nature than play with mothers.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Billy has two imaginary friends,named Joe and Buckus.In which of the following ways is having Joe and Buckus similar to having peer relationships?
A)They may make Billy less sociable.
B)They are good company for an only child.
C)They provide mechanisms of avoidance.
D)They help him avoid difficult situations.
Q2) With regard to egocentrism,researchers other than Piaget have found that
A)Piaget was apparently correct in his view of young children's egocentrism.
B)children do better with familiar tasks compared with the three-mountain or abstract tasks.
C)egocentrism continues at the same level well into middle childhood.
D)young children do not show empathy because they cannot take another person's perspective.
Q3) Children's ability to communicate is related to
A)general knowledge.
B)popularity.
C)intent to communicate.
D)all of these.
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Chapter 8: Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tina realizes that she will never be a boy.According to Kohlberg,she has developed A)identification.
B)gender awareness.
C)gender stability.
D)penis envy.
Q2) When a 4-year-old boy is asked to describe himself,he will typically tell you about his
A)relational self.
B)real self.
C)descriptive self.
D)ideal self.
Q3) While engaged in play,young children do all of the following EXCEPT
A)stimulate their senses.
B)coordinate sight with movement.
C)practice being quiet.
D)acquire new skills.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disorders that interfere with specific aspects of school achievement are called A)self-fulfilling prophecies.
B)learning disabilities.
C)developmental disabilities.
D)learning deficiencies.
Q2) Memory aids are one kind of A)encoding device.
B)mnemonic strategy.
C)metamemory.
D)mental prop.
Q3) The most common mnemonic strategy aiding both children and adults is the use of A)external memory aids.
B)rehearsal.
C)organization.
D)elaboration.
Q4) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Concern with body image becomes important early in middle childhood.
B)Girls are more concerned with body image than are boys.
C)Children are likely to be overweight if they have overweight parents.
D)All of the above
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Chapter 10: Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents who continue to use physical punishment after age 10 tend to have children who
A)are very cooperative and compliant.
B)are angry and aggressive.
C)are better at school and other disciplined activities due to knowing they will have consequences.
D)are likely to have poor relationships with the parents as they approach adolescence.
Q2) The most common arrangement for children following divorce is to live with their A)mother.
B)father.
C)grandparents.
D)same-sex parent.
Q3) According to the text,_______ children and adolescents have a diagnosed mental disturbance severe enough to cause some impairment.
A)5 in 10
B)3 in 10
C)1 in 10
D)7 in 10
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12
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,entry from adolescence into adulthood occurs
A)at a set time fixed by law.
B)earlier than in previous centuries because of the "hurried child" phenomenon.
C)later than in previous centuries because of the secular trend.
D)at varying times,depending on what definition of adulthood is used.
Q2) All of the following are strong factors in getting adolescents to start smoking EXCEPT A)peer pressure.
B)early experience with tobacco.
C)family influence.
D)the taste of tobacco.
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE about adolescence?
A)This developmental period is recognized in all cultures throughout the world.
B)Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood.
C)It begins when young people reach sexual maturity.
D)Adolescence is genetically determined.
Q4) According to the text,adolescence is defined as
A)encompassing the years between 11 and 20.
B)puberty.
C)cognitive changes. D an apprenticeship.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research on the effects of maternal employment on adolescents suggests that
A)it depends on whether there are two parents in the home.
B)the mother's work status
C)the mother's age.
D)the mother's role satisfaction and the warmth of the parental relationship.
Q2) The best safeguard for teens who are sexually active is the consistent use of A)jellies or creams.
B)condoms.
C)morning-after pills.
D)birth-control pills.
Q3) Mark has not seriously considered his options and has avoided making commitments.What is his identity status?
A)Achievement
B)Foreclosure
C)Moratorium
D)Identity diffusion
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/31318
Sample Questions
Q1) Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)is
A)an emotional disorder with no physical symptoms.
B)experienced before the menstrual period and then declines.
C)another term for dysmenorrheal,or menstrual cramps.
D)of emotional origin without any other biological explanation.
Q2) Despite the risks of smoking,______ of men and _______ of women over 18 in the United States are current smokers.
A)43%;31%
B)26%;21%
C)53%;48%
D)9%;13%
Q3) According to a nationally representative survey,______ of adults have had premarital sex by age 20.
A)95%
B)75%
C)65%
D)50%
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cultural expectations for the proper timing of life events,such as getting married or retiring,are called
A)nonnormative sequences.
B)the social clock.
C)temporal schemas.
D)age-consciousness.
Q2) The term used for society's norms or expectations for the appropriate timing-of-life events is the
A)social clock.
B)cohort time.
C)normative time.
D)individual clock.
Q3) According to the text,gay and lesbian couples are more likely than heterosexual couples to
A)negotiate household chores according to skill and interests.
B)resolve conflicts in a more positive manner.
C)to be less stable due to fewer social supports.
D)All of these
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In middle age,African Americans are more likely than white Americans to die of A)strokes.
B)heart disease.
C)cancer.
D)All of these
Q2) An important aspect of creativity in adults is A)knowledge.
B)performance.
C)activities.
D)self-esteem.
Q3) The inability to maintain the blood flow associated with arousal for the penis is called
A)male menopause
B)climacteric
C)erectile dysfunction
D)All of the above
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Chapter 16: Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/31321
Sample Questions
Q1) Most dependent elders receive care in their own home or at
A)a nursing home.
B)the home of a caregiver.
C)a retirement home.
D)an old folks' home.
Q2) According to both Erikson and Vaillant,more than half of the people they studied who had entered their 50s
A)had not shown any exceptional success at work.
B)often did not achieve intimacy.
C)often took responsibility for others.
D)were often hampered by the onset of physical problems.
Q3) Both Vaillant and Jung reported
A)a lessoning of gender differentiation at midlife and a tendency for men to become more nurturing and expressive.
B)a desire to protect people from making decisions based on cultural biases.
C)that most men and women influence decisions equally by age and by specific events.
D)the effects of age on personality development have a profound effect on decision making.
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18
Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to gerontologists,individuals who are counted among the "oldest old" are at least _______________ years old.
A)75
B)65
C)85
D)95
Q2) According to functional age classifications,the "young old" are
A)people between ages 60 and 70.
B)a minority of older people.
C)middle-aged people who are frail or infirm and see themselves as old.
D)elderly people who are vital,vigorous,and active.
Q3) All of the following are symptoms of Alzheimer's disease EXCEPT
A)confusion.
B)loss of memory.
C)stinginess.
D)restlessness.
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Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to younger workers,the typical older worker is A)less dependable.
B)more careless.
C)more responsible.
D)All of these
Q2) In a recent study of ways in which older people cope with stressful events,the three most frequently reported coping strategies included all of the following EXCEPT A)keeping busy.
B)accepting situations that cannot be changed.
C)outward expressions of anger and frustration.
D)religious faith.
Q3) Key predictors of positive morale after retirement for both men and women include A)whether or not people experience a loss of balance and muscle strength.
B)people's sense of physical attractiveness before retirement.
C)workers' satisfaction in their jobs before retirement.
D)whether or not people had a strong social conscience.
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Chapter 19: Dealing With Death and Bereavement
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The emotional loss that Anna felt when her son died kept her from eating,going to work,or caring for her other children.This emotional response is known as A)denial.
B)bereavement.
C)resolution.
D)grief.
Q2) According to your text,_________ of Americans favor euthanasia for a patient who is incurably ill and wants to die.
A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)90%
Q3) Advanced directives,often called "living wills," which are written while patients are still competent to make their own decisions,specify provisions with regard to all of the following EXCEPT
A)organ donation.
B)relief of pain.
C)mechanical respiration.
D)time and method that you wish for your death.
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Page 21