Counseling Across the Lifespan Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Counseling Across the Lifespan explores the theories, techniques, and issues relevant to providing effective counseling services to individuals at various stages of human development, from childhood through older adulthood. The course examines the psychological, social, and cultural factors that influence development and considers how these factors affect the needs and concerns of clients at each life stage. Students will learn how to tailor assessment and intervention strategies to address age-specific challenges, including transitions, crises, and developmental milestones, while also considering diversity and ethical practices in counseling.
Recommended Textbook Human Development 3rd Edition by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The scientific method involves five basic steps.What is the correct order of steps?
A)observe the environment; generate a theory of the phenomenon to be studied; generate possible hypotheses; systematically vary variables; and conduct an experiment
B)collect data to test a theory; manipulate variables in a laboratory setting; conduct a statistical analysis of the data; synthesize the results; and publish the findings
C)identify a question to be investigated; form a hypothesis; choose a research method and a research design; collect data to test the hypothesis; and draw conclusions that lead to new questions and hypotheses
D)generate a conclusion; isolate variables; determine how variables are related to the conclusion; conduct the research study; and publish the findings
Answer: C
Q2) Describe a research question an evolutionary psychologist might investigate.
Answer: Answers will vary.An evolutionary psychologist might explore the evolutionary basis of why men rate attractiveness as more important in mate selection and women rate earning potential higher than attractiveness.
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3
Chapter 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of active genotype environment effects?
A)Since Jacob is good at math, his parents encourage further learning by playing math games with him each night.
B)Because everyone in the Martin family sunburns easily, they rarely go to the beach and have moved to a state with colder weather.
C)Maria has a green thumb and can grow anything in her garden.When her children were small, they played in the garden next to her.As they grew up, each child decided to go into agricultural fields.
D)Millie was a very round baby and was big for her age.Everyone in her family made comments about her large size and nicknamed her "Big Millie."
Answer: B
Q2) How much weight should a woman gain during pregnancy (provide an approximate range)? Provide one diet or exercise recommendation.
Answer: Women should gain between 25-35 pounds.They should drink more fluids and they should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially iron-rich foods, such as leafy greens.
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the amount of oxytocin in a human female's blood reaches a certain threshold,
A)the likelihood of conception is at its highest
B)the process of birth begins
C)labor pains are decreased considerably
D)lactation begins
Answer: B
Q2) What is true about the C-section method of delivery?
A)The procedure is named for the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius.
B)Following a C-section, women take longer to heal than from a vaginal delivery.
C)C-sections have higher rates of maternal-to-fetus infectious transmissions.
D)C-sections reduce the risk of maternal disease transmission to the infant.
Answer: D
Q3) The Apgar scale assesses color, heart rate, breathing, muscle tone and
A)weight
B)speed of responding
C)reflex irritability
D)strength
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-cultural observations suggest that infants are likely to be carried for longer periods during the day and for months during infancy when __________.
A)women marry at younger ages
B)families live in extended family groups
C)men help with childcare
D)they need to be protected from dangers
Q2) Your best friend had her baby 3 months ago.After visiting with them on a couple of occasions, it appears to you that her infant seems sad.You remember from your developmental course that infants can be sad.What else do you suspect?
A)Your friend's marriage is not going well.
B)Your friend is likely depressed.
C)You are probably mistaken about your friend's infant.
D)The sadness is just a temporary phase that all infants pass through.
Q3) Describe the development of one primary emotion during the first year of infancy.
Q4) In cultures in which medical remedies for infant illness are scarce, parents and caregivers go to great lengths to protect them.Describe at least one practice used to ensure survival that is based on magic rather than medical evidence.
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Chapter 5: Toddlerhood
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Q1) Iron, zinc, and vitamins A, B12, C, and D are referred to as __________.
A)supplements
B)micronutrients
C)macrovitamins
D)essential chemicals
Q2) In language development during toddlerhood, as at all ages, __________.
A)comprehension lags behind production
B)production lags behind comprehension
C)comprehension and production are similar
D)comprehension and production improve similarly
Q3) Recent studies have shown that American fathers spend __________ of time that mothers do in caring for their young children.
A)about 25%
B)about 50%
C)about 85%
D)the same amount
Q4) Describe a fine motor skill that a 3-year-old can do but a 1-year old would not yet be able to do.
Q5) How is Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development different from Piaget's theory?
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Chapter 6: Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maltreatment of children characterized by ridicule, humiliation, and behavior causing trauma to children, such as locking them in a dark closet, is called __________.
A)physical abuse
B)emotional abuse
C)sexual abuse
D)neglect
Q2) Suppose that you are preparing for a job interview as a preschool teacher.Which of the following statements, when used in the interview, is more likely to land you the job?
A)Preschool learning is about the child exploring and discovering his or her world through hands-on activities and fun tasks.
B)Preschool learning should occur through structured academic activities such as worksheets and large group projects.
C)Preschool learning is about assessing a child's IQ and then developing a curriculum that is rigorous and challenging.
D)Preschool learning should occur through prosocial activities and videos that are geared toward children and regulated by the federal government.
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8
Chapter 7: Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is a chronic illness of the lungs characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
A)Asthma
B)Eczema
C)Allergies
D)Psoriasis
Q2) What are the negative side effects of using medication for the treatment of ADHD?
A)slower physical growth and higher risk of depression
B)lethargy and a larger appetite that increases the likelihood of obesity
C)decreased intelligence and delayed cognitive development
D)loss of bone density and delayed motor coordination
Q3) What is the term that the textbook defines as an understanding of how memory works?
A)metaconfiguration
B)metamemory
C)metaprocessing
D)metacognition
Q4) Provide a scenario for two first graders and two fifth graders that explains why they are no longer friends.
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Chapter 8: Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adequacy of __________ accounts for the average age of menarche being lowest in industrialized countries.
A)nutrition and medical care
B)exercise and education
C)parental care and knowledge
D)family relationships and friendships
Q2) Which of the following is a basic aim of the multisystemic approach to combating delinquency for adolescents and young adults?
A)to place a high degree of structure on adolescents and young adults who have been the product of neglectful parenting
B)to direct the energy of delinquents into more socially constructive directions
C)to expose delinquent adolescents and young adults to prison inmates who have committed the same crimes in hopes of "scaring them straight"
D)to punish delinquent adolescents and young adults in an appropriate manner so they will learn from their mistakes and pay retribution to society
Q3) How are adolescents' friendships different from those of younger children? Are there sex differences?
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Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Luis has visited four college campuses and has spoken with a military recruiter.Although he has spent quite a bit of time considering his options, Luis has yet to commit to any specific college or the military.According to Marcia, Luis is in the __________ status.
A)foreclosure
B)moratorium
C)achievement
D)diffusion
Q2) Recent research reveals that young drivers are more likely than older drivers to combine __________ and driving.
A)alcohol
B)texting
C)illicit drugs
D)eating
Q3) Which couple is least likely to cohabit?
A)Pierre and Dominique from France
B)Michael and Abby from the United States
C)Satoshi and Hayami from Japan
D)Anders and Blakely from Denmark
Q4) Describe how emerging adults use media to engage with their parents.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your 29-year-old aunt is obese.She is feeling depressed and does not feel good about her physical health.What would you say to her?
A)Being obese has nothing to do with depression.
B)She should try an online dating service.
C)She should join a women's-only group.
D)Obesity is related to depression in young adult women.She would probably feel better if she lost weight.
Q2) Based on interviews from 50 couples, Wallerstein and Blakeslee found that all couples have ups and downs, but what keeps them together is __________.
A)a fear of financial ruin due to splitting assets
B)a fundamental enjoyment of each other's company
C)the desire to defy the odds of societal tendency towards divorce
D)the shame in the eyes of their family and friends
Q3) A culture promoting individualism would emphasize the importance of
A)family unity and societal cohesiveness
B)learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person
C)altruistic behaviors and prosocial engagement
D)cooperative learning and group cohesion
Q4) In traditional cultures, what marks the transition to adulthood? Explain.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who coined the term "midlife crisis" and considered it a part of normal psychological development?
A)Jean Piaget
B)Erik Erikson
C)Carl Jung
D)Sigmund Freud
Q2) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women experiencing severe symptoms during menopause.
Q3) During middle adulthood, for many, job satisfaction is __________.
A)at its all-time high
B)at its all-time low
C)the same as it was during young adulthood
D)is nonexistent, because many are retired
Q4) The lifestyle factor that raises cancer risk the most is __________.
A)alcohol
B)high fat diet
C)smoking
D)excessive sun exposure
Q5) Does research show age-related changes in divided attention in middle adulthood?
Page 13
Q6) Discuss two ways that a person could achieve a sense of generativity.
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Chapter 12: Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) For nearly all of human history, people have worked until they __________.
A)retired
B)could simply no longer work
C)died
D)had grandchildren
Q2) Community service and civic engagement is very important for all adults, including older adults.What percentage of old-old and oldest-old adults engage in volunteer work?
A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%
Q3) The number-one cause of blindness for those in developing countries is __________ because people in these countries __________.
A)cataracts; rarely have access to corrective surgery
B)macular degeneration; do not have access to medications used to treat it
C)glaucoma; smoke more cigarettes than those in developed countries
D)eye infection; eat a diet high in fatty foods
Q4) In which country is there a "New Old People's Movement"? Explain the benefits.
Q5) Where is the most recent research in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease going?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term is used to describe a situation in which medication is used to relieve the pain of dying patients, even to the point that it causes death?
A)active euthanasia
B)passive euthanasia
C)terminal sedation
D)medication error
Q2) Where does hospice care commonly occur?
A)in a hospital
B)in a cancer center
C)at home
D)in a nursing home
Q3) Older adults often have some fears associated with death, such as suffering and pain, loss of self-control, and the __________.
A)knowledge that their lives are ending soon
B)effects of their deaths on loved ones
C)feeling that they did not accomplish what they wanted to in life
D)regrets they had concerning certain life events
Q4) Provide two examples of how the circumstances of death affect the course of grief.
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