Corrections Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the corrections system within the criminal justice framework, focusing on the philosophy, history, and contemporary practice of corrections in the United States. Students will examine the purpose and function of various correctional institutions, including jails, prisons, and community-based alternatives such as probation and parole. Key topics include offender rehabilitation, inmate rights, correctional administration, the impact of overcrowding and recidivism, and emerging trends in correctional policy. Through a combination of theoretical study and discussion of current issues, students gain a critical understanding of the challenges and ethical considerations facing the field of corrections today.
Recommended Textbook
The American System of Criminal Justice 16th Edition by George F. Cole
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime and Justice in America
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Q1) When compared with rates in the United States,Icelandic crime rates are
A)extremely low.
B)low.
C)similar.
D)high.
Answer: A
Q2) ____________________ crimes are committed for ideological purposes. Answer: Political
Q3) Males in the 16-24 age cohort are the group most likely to commit crimes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) You are in charge of the budget allocation for the state of Mississippi's criminal justice system,and need to make decisions every day that affect citizens and offenders alike.How does the use and allocation of tax dollars influence the approaches to crime and crime rates within the criminal justice system of your state?
Answer: Answers will vary,but students should reflect an understanding of budgetary priorities within a democracy where opposing conservative and liberal views impact priorities within the criminal justice system.
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Chapter 2: Victimization and Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beginning in the 1990s,theorists recognized that female criminality was best explained using the criminological theory branch of _____ structure.
Answer: social
Q2) What are the three social process theories?
A)Learning,control,and labeling
B)Biological,psychological,and sociological
C)Id,ego,and superego
D)Critical,radical,and Marxist
Answer: A
Q3) Television has no real relationship to people's fears of victimization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Women's share of arrests is the highest for which type of crime?
A)Robbery
B)Rape
C)Murder
D)Larceny/theft
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An arrest means that someone has been taken into ____________________. Answer: custody
Q2) Cases that are in the top layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake"
A)receive little public attention.
B)are usually misdemeanors.
C)are usually lesser felonies.
D)are played out as high drama.
Answer: D
Q3) In the American criminal justice system,all cases undergo the same process and receive equal attention.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) ________ is the unequal treatment of members of one demographic group by the criminal justice system,compared with treatment accorded to members of other groups. Answer: Disparity
Q5) The mutual transfer of resources is called ____________________. Answer: exchange
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Chapter 4: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law
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Q1) Justices to the Supreme Court are nominated by the ______.
Q2) Through the process of ________,the Supreme Court during the Warren Court era declared that elements of the Fourth,Fifth,Sixth,Eighth,and other amendments were part of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Q3) Shelby was recently found not guilty of strong arm robbery when a jury trial ruled in her favor.Moments after the ruling came down,Shelby looked at the jury and said,"I did it and now I am free.Thank you." The jurors were shocked and wanted to change their verdict but could only stare as Shelby laughed on her way out of the courtroom.Shelby presented her case at a public trial,a right granted to her by the
A)Fourth Amendment.
B)Fifth Amendment.
C)Sixth Amendment.
D)Eighth Amendment.
Q4) Protection against _________ means that people cannot be forced to respond to questions whose answers may reveal that they have committed a crime.
Q5) Judicial decisions guided by past cases are called ____________________.
Q6) Explain the significance of mens rea and how it relates to the legal definition of guilt.
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Chapter 5: Police
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Q1) Native American tribes are separate,sovereign nations with a significant degree of legal autonomy within the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which person or organization has the most discretion regarding how a law is applied or interpreted on the scene?
A)Police commissioners
B)The U.S.Supreme Court
C)The officer on the scene
D)U.S.attorney generals
Q3) The United States police force is similar to that of continental Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Prior to 1970,domestic violence was viewed as a(n)____________________ affair.
Q5) Discuss how police officers balance actions,decision making,and discretion.Use examples.
Q6) How has the function of policing evolved since the 19th Century?
Q7) The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department from the political system.
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Chapter 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations
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Q1) Using examples from the text,define and describe the differences between reactive and proactive policing.
Q2) The real threats on the job are called ____________________ stresses.
Q3) Preventive patrol emphasizes
A)a large number of arrests to control crime.
B)responding to 911 calls.
C)making police presence known.
D)fixing "broken windows."
Q4) The nature of police work can make officers very suspicious of citizens whom they encounter.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Police departments use several methods to measure police productivity.In light of the shift to community policing (and away from punitive crime control),can measures such as arrests and traffic stops still be used to gauge police productivity? In your answer,suggest alternative measures if appropriate.
Q6) Enforcement of vice laws depends on ____________________ police work.
Q7) Learning informal practices as well as formal rules is the process of ____________________.
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Chapter 7: Policing: Contemporary Issues and Challenges
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Q1) A patrol officer who accepts a "tip" of $100 to spend a little more time in her patrol in front of a laundromat is a
A)meat eater.
B)grass eater.
C)weed eater.
D)night eater.
Q2) Citizens generally have no problems with their civil liberties being limited if it can help fight terrorism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which term describes an officer receiving a cash "gift" from offenders who want to avoid prosecution?
A)bribery
B)mooching
C)chiseling
D)extortion
Q4) Explain the purpose of fusion centers.How might fusion centers infringe on the rights of U.S.citizens?
Q5) _______ is a database which allows prints to be sent electronically.
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Chapter 8: Police and Constitutional Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Officer Goldman responds to a call of an active shooter during a home invasion at a local residence.Officer Goldman arrives on the scene and quickly surveys the residence.He and his partner immediately see the suspect,who is holding a semiautomatic rifle.They command the suspect to drop his weapon and the suspect complies. Outside the home,Officer Goldman pats down the suspect.He is allowed to do this without a warrant because of A)search incident to a lawful arrest.
B)consent.
C)exigent circumstances.
D)the exclusionary rule.
Q2) Which is true concerning search warrants?
A)Police officers must provide reliable information when obtaining a search warrant.
B)Police must show probable cause.
C)Judges issue search warrants based on information provided by the police.
D)All of these are true.
Q3) A pat-down by an officer is not considered a warrantless search.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Police officers must establish ____________________ to obtain a warrant.
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Chapter 9: Courts and Pretrial Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and describe the pretrial process in criminal cases.
Q2) The prosecution will use the pretrial period to introduce motions for lack of evidence or violation of rights.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The American legal system is based on a passive judge and jury seeking to find the truth as attorneys for each side argue vigorously.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What percentage of state trial judges are African Americans?
A)7
B)12
C)20
D)25
Q5) How do movies and episodic TV affect the way our society views the pretrial process? Do "realistic" fiction portrayals of the process increase or decrease society's awareness of how our justice system works?
Q6) Judges must assume a neutral stance and must not appear biased in their role as
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Chapter 10: Prosecution and Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most local prosecutors are elected.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The legal attorney who represents the accused is called a(n)_________.
Q3) Which is true about attorney competence?
A)The U.S.Supreme Court has ruled that defendants are entitled to adequate counsel.
B)Attorneys assigned to death penalty cases must have appropriate training.
C)The only attorneys allowed to serve on criminal cases must have degrees in criminal law.
D)The U.S.Supreme Court has not clearly defined what "competent" means.
Q4) Information is made available by prosecutors to defense attorneys during the _______ process.
Q5) In most states,no higher authority can second-guess or change the decision of a prosecutor.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of community prosecution.Do you believe the general public would be in support of this style of justice in their neighborhoods? Defend your position.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Determination of Guilt: Plea Bargaining and Trials
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Q1) A decision by the jury in a case concludes the trial process.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Eli is a public defender representing his client,Roxy,in a first-degree murder case.Eli is not sure what the outcome of this case will be since there are no eyewitnesses scheduled to testify.Because Roxy's case is going before a judge with a reputation for "being tough on crime," it is safe to say that Eli will not advise Roxy to choose a
A)bench trial.
B)plea of guilty.
C)jury trial.
D)plea bargain.
Q3) One of the witnesses in a criminal trial became very ill just as the trial was scheduled to begin.How could the prosecutor delay the trial until the witness has recovered?
A)Invent a delaying tactic
B)Ask the judge for a continuance
C)Demand that justice be served
D)Fail to appear at the beginning of the trial
Q4) An attorney's request for a delay in court proceedings is called a(n)______.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Punishment and Sentencing
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Q1) _____ is a sentence in which the offender is released after a short incarceration and resentenced to probation.
Q2) When imposing a sentence,judges consider only one goal,such as retribution,incapacitation,rehabilitation,or deterrence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A(n)_____ fixes the term of imprisonment at a specific period of time.
Q4) _____ indicate to judges the expected sanctions for certain offenses.
Q5) Alex was recently found guilty of first-degree murder,which is a felony.Which jurisdiction would have heard Alex's case?
A)Specific
B)General
C)Local
D)Federal
Q6) Explain how and why the system treats wrongdoers unequally.Be sure to include who is treated unfairly in your answer.
Q7) Felony cases are processed and offenders are sentenced in courts of ________.
Q8) Since the 1970s,capital punishment has been used exclusively for _______ offenses.
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Chapter 13: Corrections
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Q1) The _______ Amendment has been most consistently limited for prisoners by the Supreme Court.
Q2) During the 19th century,which of the following was not a principle that guided female prison reform?
A)The separation of women prisoners from men
B)The provision of care in keeping with the needs of women
C)The management of women's prisons by female staff
D)The separation of women prisoners from their children
Q3) All states run their prisons in an identical manner.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the past three decades,the states and the federal government have passed laws that _____ sentences for most crimes.
Q5) What type of policy did federal courts generally maintain with respect to the rights of prisoners prior to the 1960s?
A)"Hands-on"-active intervention for many rights
B)"Hands-off"-rarely recognize any rights
C)Intervention for freedom of speech only
D)Intervention to prevent unreasonable searches only
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Chapter 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A return to criminal behavior is called ______ .
Q2) Judge Boylen has just sentenced a young adult female who pled guilty to selling Ecstasy/Molly to a group of acquaintances.She is a first-time offender who is a college student and works part-time.As part of the sentence,the offender will be forced to make monetary payments to the court and do unpaid work cleaning bathrooms at a local homeless shelter.The offender's payments to the court are referred to as A)bond.
B)bail.
C)forfeiture.
D)a fine.
Q3) Boot camps are one type of _____ incarceration.
Q4) In the case of Mempa v.Rhay,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that probationers have the right to a(n)________.
Q5) Community corrections assumes that
A)only the offender needs to change.
B)only the community needs to change.
C)both the offender and the community need to adapt.
D)law enforcement needs to adapt to the needs of offenders.
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Q6) Probation can end when a probationer's status is _____because of misbehavior.
Chapter 15: Incarceration and Prison Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women now comprise nearly one-quarter of the entire U.S.prison population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _________ refers to the choice of some prisoners to cut themselves off from the outside and try to construct a life within the prison.
Q3) Which type of prison staff is the most numerous?
A)Wardens
B)Custodial employees
C)Investigators
D)Counselors
Q4) _____ separates inmates who are being victimized from the general prison population.
Q5) Inmates who spend a lot of time in a library are said to be
A)working the system.
B)bottom feeding.
C)gleaning.
D)jailing.
Q6) Prisoners who are _______ view their prison terms as brief,inevitable breaks in their criminal careers.
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Chapter 16: Reentry Into the Community
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Q1) Parole decisions can be made arbitrarily,depending on the whims of the parole board.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of release involves the parole board making decisions?
A)Mandatory release
B)Discretionary release
C)Unconditional release
D)Community release
Q3) ThisChapter discusses changes in parole since the 1970s.Since that time,job training and education programs for offenders have been severely curtailed,making reentry more difficult even when inmates are judged ready for release by a parole board.In your opinion,what might explain this trend,and what are the greater social effects of these policies?
Q4) The Second Chance Act,signed into law by George W.Bush,authorizes states to punish parole offenders more harshly.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as ______.
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Chapter 17: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Miller v.Alabama (2012),the U.S.Supreme Court deemed ______ unconstitutional for juvenile homicide offenders.
A)executions
B)probation
C)mandatory LWOP
D)boot camps
Q2) You are a lawyer who represents juvenile offenders.In your work,you have witnessed firsthand the impact of the justice system on juveniles.You are scheduled to speak about your experiences at a graduation ceremony for police officers.Describe the ways in which juvenile offenders are treated differently than adults.Then,identify at least three factors you would change to prevent recidivism among juvenile offenders.Make a convincing case for why these changes would improve recidivism rates.
Q3) Cyberbullying and other forms of online delinquency are a new and growing phenomenon.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The U.S.Supreme Court ruled in ______ that school officials may search a student if reasonable suspicion exists.
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