Corrections in Canada Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Corrections in Canada provides a comprehensive overview of the Canadian correctional system, examining the evolution, structure, and functions of correctional institutions and community-based programs. Students explore key topics such as the role of federal and provincial correctional agencies, offender rehabilitation, risk assessment and management, restorative justice, and the impact of legislation and public policy on corrections. The course also addresses challenges like overcrowding, Indigenous overrepresentation, mental health, and reintegration, fostering critical analysis of contemporary issues and reforms within the Canadian context.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Justice in Canada 7th Edition by Colin Goff
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13 Chapters
1952 Verified Questions
1952 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Overview of the Criminal Justice System in Canada
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which court hears the majority of criminal cases in Canada?
A)superior
B)supreme
C)federal
D)provincial
Answer: D
Q2) According to Hudson,what are the stages in criminal justice that are delivered to an accused?
A)charge,prosecution,trial,sentence,appeal,punishment
B)charge,trial,sentence,punishment
C)charge,prosecution,trial,plea,appeal,punishment
D)charge,trial,sentence,appeal,punishment
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to the truthfulness of the allegation of a case?
A)criminal justice
B)substantive justice
C)absolute justice
D)provincial justice
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Criminal Law and Criminal Justice in Canada
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following enacts the majority of Canada's criminal laws?
A)the police
B)the courts
C)Parliament
D)society
Answer: C
Q2) What always overrules case law,except in conflicts over the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A)the scope of the law
B)administrative law
C)the Constitution
D)statute law
Answer: D
Q3) What do judges in Canada typically do when following precedents in deciding a case?
A)follow only what other judges in their courts decide
B)follow the decisions of higher and equal courts
C)follow only those decisions of higher courts
D)follow what the statute states
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Control Philosophy and Criminal Justice Policy
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Law Reform Commission of Canada,a fundamental belief about Aboriginal justice systems is the fact that any such system must be faithful to Aboriginal traditions and cultural values while adapting them to modern society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What did Braithwaite conclude about disintegrative shaming?
A)it fosters empathy
B)it brings the community together
C)it creates forgiveness
D)it stigmatizes the offender
Answer: D
Q3) While the various philosophies differ in important ways,where do they collectively overlap?
A)principles of fundamental justice
B)rehabilitation
C)selective incapacitation
D)deterrence
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Crime Rates, Crime Trends, and Criminal
Victimization in Canada
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rate of which common property crime reported to the police decreased the most in 2010?
A)breaking and entering
B)mischief
C)arson
D)theft of a motor vehicle
Q2) The Crime Severity Index only takes into account seriousness of crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cybercrime has two definitions.Which definition applies if someone is hacking a company's data through the Internet?
A)technology-as-target
B)technology-as-instrument
C)technology-as-point
D)technology-as-objective
Q4) Researchers have reported finding a negative correlation between financially motivated criminal offences and changes in Canada's inflation rate.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Context of Policing
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The original four organizational characteristics of the professional model of policing are no longer relevant to policing today.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the meaning of "familial searching" or "kinship searching" and discuss where this procedure is currently being used.Do you think this type of processing should be used in Canada? If so,why? If not,why not?
Q3) The police are considered the gatekeepers to the criminal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Systemic cynicism is defined as cynicism directed against people in general.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Trafficking involves no actual or implied coercion.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the importance of the police communities having a diversity similar to the communities that they work in.
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Chapter 6: The Practice of Policing
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of policing involves the integration of information with its operations as a main element?
A)community policing
B)traditional policing
C)predictive policing
D)zero tolerance policing
Q2) Police officers working in the social agent police style are expected by residents to provide protection from outsiders and to respond to their concerns.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Geographic information systems (GISs)have led to the decline in the use of directed patrols.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The dominant practice of patrol policing has long been and remains today the dominant practice of policing.
A)True
B)False
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Page 8
Chapter 7: The Police and the Law
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of police officers between 1961 and 2009 were murdered during a robbery investigation?
A)15 percent
B)18 percent
C)23 percent
D)27 percent
Q2) While conducting a trial,the judge addresses the jury to explain that the evidence they are about to hear is subject to special scrutiny as directed by the Supreme Court of Canada.Which warning is this scenario an example of?
A)Vetrovec warning
B)Viceroy warning
C)Vellenchuck warning
D)Vain warning
Q3) Which of the following is the only situation defined as deadly force as highlighted in the textbook?
A)choke holds
B)police use of firearms
C)high-speed chases
D)stabbings
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Pretrial Criminal Procedure
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The federal government contributes the most to legal aid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After the passing of Bill C-25,Sam was to have a sentence imposed on him.He has spent 30 days in custody so far.The judge has decided there were exceptional circumstances involved in his case.How many days will Sam receive credit for on his sentence under s.719(3)(1)of the Criminal Code?
A)15 days
B)30 days
C)45 days
D)60 days
Q3) In Canada the decision to elect a jury trial is made by both the Crown prosecutor and defendant.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If an accused is brought to a police station and it is revealed they live more than 200 kilometres away,they would be required to deposit $1,000 before they could leave.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The Courts and Criminal Trial Procedure
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John is accused of a crime and has made the decision to self-represent.During the trial,which of the following is NOT something that is often cited in self-representation?
A)going to trial where there are no real triable issues
B)not reading the disclosure or learning the Crown's case against him
C)not making accidental and damaging admissions
D)not calling the witnesses he needs
Q2) Discuss the history of the mandatory victim surcharge and what it is intended for.Explain why the judges were reluctant to impose the victim surcharge.Do you agree or disagree with the judges?
Q3) On what grounds can the prosecution appeal a court decision involving an indictable offence?
A)a jury determined the guilt or innocence of the accused
B)the judge's instructions to the prosecutor during the trial process
C)questions of fact
D)issues involving a point of law
Q4) List and explain the three sources that the Supreme Court of Canada decides on cases.
Q5) List and explain who and how appeals work in Canada's criminal justice system.
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Chapter 10: Sentences and Dispositions
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mandatory minimum punishment is a form of determinate sentence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most sentencing circles involve minor offences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following refers to a process of negotiation and agreement between parties to a conflict?
A)lived experience
B)deterrence
C)rehabilitation
D)selective incapacitation
Q4) According to Tonry,a substantial amount of research in the United States has found that mandatory minimum sentences reduce crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the issues the Supreme Court of Canada had to decide on in R.v.Nur (2015).Explain the Court's decision and how they arrived at that decision.
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Chapter 11: Offenders Supervised in the Community
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Morris and Tonry,how are sentences that result from intermediate punishments perceived?
A)as punishment-based
B)as harmful
C)as inequitable
D)as proportional
Q2) What are conditional sentences,how are they used and what are their impacts? Include in this an analysis of the changes since they were introduced.
Q3) In 2012,what was the estimated number of offenders in the United States wearing some type of electronic monitor?
A)200,000
B)300,000
C)400,000
D)500,000
Q4) Over the past decade,the rate of violent conviction for offenders while under supervision has declined.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Corrections in Canada
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What model of corrections makes decisions in the context of maintaining maximum security and discipline?
A)rehabilitation
B)community
C)custodial
D)restorative
Q2) In 2012-13,what percentage of federal offenders were serving a sentence for a violent offence?
A)55 percent
B)63 percent
C)68 percent
D)72 percent
Q3) What was the approximate percentage of federally sentenced women who reported engaging in self-harming behaviour according to the Annual Report of the Office of the Correctional Investigator in 2010?
A)10 percent
B)22 percent
C)40 percent
D)50 percent
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Community Reintegration
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reintegration approach takes the position that the major predictors of recidivism are known.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Joan,a female offender,was interested to hear what the Auditor General's recommendations would be for her and other female inmates.Which of the following is an example of a concern for Joan outside of prison that the Auditor General highlighted?
A)reoffending once released
B)conditional release revoked although no new offence
C)return to substance abuse once released
D)lack of employment once released
Q3) How many sessions are required in the community program of the Integrated Correctional Program Model?
A)15 to 19
B)20 to 26
C)27 to 33
D)33 to 36
Q4) Discuss how either gender or race is related to recidivism in Canada.
Q5) Discuss the new provisions and changes to record suspensions.
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