Corrections and Juveniles
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course examines the juvenile justice system with a particular focus on the correctional responses to juvenile offending. Topics include the history and philosophy of juvenile corrections, types of juvenile correctional institutions, community-based alternatives, rehabilitation and treatment programs, and the role of various actors within the system such as probation officers, social workers, and the courts. Students will analyze current issues and trends affecting juvenile corrections, including restorative justice, recidivism, and the impact of social policies. The course also explores challenges in balancing public safety with the developmental needs and rights of young offenders.
Recommended Textbook
Juvenile Delinquency The Core 6th Edition by Larry
J. Siegel
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14 Chapters
1524 Verified Questions
1524 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Childhood and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the child savers?
A)They relocated needy urban children to foster families in the Western United States.
B)They lobbied to close the juvenile justice system because of its record of abuses.
C)They raised the standard of living for the urban poor by providing job training.
D)They lobbied for a separate legal status for children.
Answer: D
Q2) The _________________________ was founded on the concept of protecting potential criminal youths by taking them off the streets and reforming them in a familylike environment.
Answer: House of Refuge
Q3) "__________________" minors is the original early designation of youths who violate the law because of their minority status.
A)Reckless
B)Offending
C)Deviant
D)Wayward
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the factors that influence delinquency rate trends,which is false?
A)The general crime rate follows the proportion of young males in the population.
B)As the number of gun-carrying (toting seems too informal)students increases,so does the seriousness of violent delinquency.
C)As the level of social problems increases,such as unwed mothers and racial conflict,so do delinquency rates.
D)There is strong association between delinquency rates and the immigrant population.
Answer: D
Q2) List and discuss five factors that influence teen crime trends discussed in the text.
Answer: Crime experts have identified a variety of social,economic,personal,and demographic factors that influence delinquency rate trends,and some of the most important influences:population make-up,economy and jobs,social problems,abortion,immigration,guns,gangs,drug use,media,and juvenile justice policies.
Q3) Most teens are victimized by people with whom they are __________________.
Answer: acquainted/acquaintances
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4
Chapter 3: Individual Views of Delinquency: Choice and Trait
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108 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Situational crime prevention aims to reduce opportunities to commit crimes by increasing the effort or the risks of criminal activity or by reducing the rewards attached to delinquent acts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Biosocial theorists believe antisocial behavior characteristics and mental disorders have a genetic influence. Which of the following statements is an indirect connection?
A)Antisocial behavior is inherited.
B)The genetic makeup of parents is passed on to children.
C)Genetic makeup may shape friendship patterns and orient people toward conventional or antisocial friends.
D)Genetic abnormality is directly linked to a variety of antisocial behaviors.
Answer: C
Q3) ____________________ is a method that relies on reducing the opportunity to commit criminal acts by making them more difficult to perform,reducing their reward,and increasing their risks.
Answer: Situational crime prevention
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Chapter 4: Sociological Views of Delinquency
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Q1) Given the situation of the residents and that they did not take advantage of opportunities available to them,a(n)_______________resulted where there is little chance of upward mobility.
A)collective efficacy
B)underclass
C)culture of poverty
D)anomie
Q2) Which of the following statements about communities on the downswing is false?
A)They are likely to experience increases in the number of single-parent families.
B)They tend to develop mixed-use areas in which commercial and residential properties stand side by side.
C)Because of racial differences in economic well-being,those left behind are all too often White.
D)Poverty becomes highly concentrated as people become despondent and employment opportunities nonexistent.
Q3) In his __________________ theory,sociologist Robert Agnew argues that there are actually more sources of strain than Merton realized.
Q4) Discuss the premise of labeling theory and the effects of such labels.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Developmental Views of Delinquency: Life
Course and Latent Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) Girls who reach puberty at an earlier age were viewed as being at a higher risk for delinquency because:
A)they were teased by their classmates
B)they were socially isolated
C)their hormones were off balance
D)they had more contact with older boys
Q2) Researcher _______________ ,in her book Sisters in Crime,is most known for view that women,who strive for independence,have begun to alter the institutions that have protected males in their traditional positions of power.
Q3) In her meta-analysis of studies examining gender differences in such traits as personality,cognition,communication skills,and leadership ability,psychologist Janet Shibley Hyde found that men and women are basically more alike than different on these critical psychological variables. She refers to her findings as:
A)gender similarities hypothesis
B)culture conflict approach
C)trait theory
D)near groups
Q4) Early theorists linked _______________ sexuality to female criminality.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Gender and Delinquency
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Q1) __________________ refers to deprivations children suffer at the hands of their parents,such as lack of food,shelter,and adequate health care.
Q2) What is the relationship between siblings and delinquency?
A)There is no relationship between siblings and delinquency.
B)If one sibling is a delinquent,there is little probability another sibling will engage in delinquent behaviors.
C)If one sibling is a delinquent,there is a significant likelihood that his brother or sister will engage in delinquent behaviors.
D)The relationship is uncertain and lacks research findings.
Q3) The term ______________________________ is used to refer to an environment of discord and conflict within the family.
Q4) States have relaxed laws of evidence to allow out-of-court statements by a child,otherwise considered __________________,to be used as evidence.
Q5) Stepchildren are overrepresented in cases of familicide.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the relationship between abuse,neglect,and juvenile delinquency.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: The Family and Delinquency
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Q1) According to the text,__________________ are aggressive kids who are either highly liked or intensely disliked by their peers.
A)controversial status youth
B)millennium ragers
C)street punks
D)honor roll students
Q2) Control theorists contend that delinquents are alienated from conventional society,but maintain strong positive bonds to delinquent friends.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to ___________________ theory,kids who engage in unstructured socializing with like-minded peers,without parental controls,will have greater opportunities to get involved in delinquent behaviors than those who receive adult monitoring and control.
A)social learning
B)control
C)social disorganization
D)routine activities
Q4) Provide the various definitions used to describe gangs.
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Chapter 8: Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs and Groups
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Q1) A number of researchers have observed that school crime is a function of the community in which the school is located. This is considered a:
A)school-level cause
B)community-level cause
C)individual-level cause
D)administrative-level cause
Q2) Which of the following statements about tracking and school failure is true?
A)Studies indicate that non-college-track students experience progressive deterioration of achievement.
B)Studies indicate non-college-track students experience less academic failure.
C)Studies indicate non-college-track students participate more in extracurricular activities.
D)Studies indicate non-college-track students have a decreased tendency to drop out.
Q3) Under the concept ______________________,discipline is one of the parental duties given to the school system.
Q4) Identify and discuss the four factors that are linked to school failure presented in the text.
Q5) Identify and discuss the three causes of school crime as presented in the text.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Schools and Delinquency
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Q1) Although not physically addicting,long-term use of ______________________ can lead to liver ailments,tumors,kidney problems,and sexual dysfunction.
Q2) The long-term consequence of targeting large-scale drug rings has been to decentralize drug dealing and to encourage teenage gangs to become major suppliers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research shows that biological children of alcoholics raised by nonalcoholic adoptive parents more often develop alcohol problems than the natural children of adoptive parents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) About two-thirds of substance-abusing youths will continue use into adulthood.These individuals are referred to as _______________.
Q5) _____________________ is defined as having five or more alcoholic drinks on the same occasion on at least five different days in the past 30 days.
Q6) Identify and discuss the four components of the harm reduction approach.
Q7) Methedrine is the most widely used and most dangerous ___________________.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Drug Use and Delinquency
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Q1) The standard of evidence in juvenile delinquency adjudications,as in adult criminal trials,is proof _____________________________.
Q2) Although some states allow it,juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Academic achievement,parental support and efficacy,and religiosity decrease the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act and are considered:
A)risk factors
B)protective factors
C)control factors
D)delinquency repression
Q4) Identify and provide a brief description of the steps in the juvenile justice process.
Q5) A comprehensive juvenile justice strategy includes:
A)prevention in early childhood
B)intervention for at-risk teenage youths
C)proper utilization of detention and confinement
D)all of the above
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Chapter 11: Delinquency Prevention and Juvenile Justice
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Q1) Which of the following is the legal standard that allows the police to make an arrest for felonies they did not witness?
A)Reasonable suspicion
B)Beyond a reasonable doubt
C)Absolute certainty
D)Probable cause
Q2) In the case People v.Lara,the court ruled that a juvenile's waive of his/her Miranda rights is determined by the totality of the circumstances.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements about police informants is true?
A)They share information with police in exchange for money or special treatment.
B)They are undercover cops that develop access to criminal networks.
C)The evidence obtained through informants is inadmissible in court.
D)They are not utilized during investigations involving juveniles.
Q4) Since the mid-1960s,any incriminating statements arising from a "custodial interrogation" cannot be used at trial.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Police Work With Juveniles
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are three alternatives for providing children with legal counsel.Which of the following is not one of these alternatives?
A)An all-public defender program
B)An appointed private-counsel system
C)A combination of public defenders and appointed private attorneys
D)A juvenile's legal guardian can defend him/her
Q2) A ________________________ is a judicial order requesting that a person detaining another produce the body of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention.
Q3) The U.S.Supreme Court upheld the practice of preventive detention in _____________________.They argued that the practice protects the juvenile and society from pretrial crime.
A)Schall v.Martin
B)in re Gault
C)in re Winship
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
Q4) Discuss the intake process. In your response,include information on the decision to detain,new approaches and restrictions to detention,and preventive detention.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Juvenile Court Process: Pretrial, Trial, and Sentencing
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Q1) A counseling program in which peer leaders encourage other group members to modify their behavior and peers help reinforce acceptable behaviors is known as
Q2) ________________ combine elements of foster care and group home placements and are run by a single family rather than staff members.
A)Rural programs
B)Family group homes
C)Boot camps
D)Reform schools
Q3) Open institutions are correctional institutions that restrict the movement of juveniles but not their adult residents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which is false regarding institutionalized females?
A)Girls are more likely than boys to be incarcerated for status offenses.
B)Institutions for girls do a less-than-adequate job of rehabilitation.
C)Institutions for girls are generally less restrictive than those for boys.
D)Institutions for girls have fewer educational and vocational programs.
Q5) Discuss the nature,conditions of,and arguments for probation.
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Chapter 14: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community
Treatment, and Institutionalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is identified as the two critical turning points according to Sampson and Laub?
A)First romantic encounter and first job
B)Graduating high school and getting fired
C)Graduating high school and one's career
D)Marriage and career
Q2) What theory is best described in this scenario?
A)General strain
B)Self-control
C)Choice
D)Social bond
Q3) Which of the following is not among the criticisms of the general theory of crime?
A)Circular reasoning
B)Levels of self-control vary throughout the life course
C)Underlying personality disorder
D)The role of social control agents in the process of delinquency
Q4) The _________________________ model is a developmental theory that attributes delinquent behavior patterns to childhood socialization and pro- or antisocial attachments over the life course.
Page 16
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