Corrections and Juvenile Offenders
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the correctional systems and practices as they pertain to juvenile offenders, examining the historical evolution, philosophical foundations, and contemporary issues in juvenile justice. Students will analyze the unique challenges faced by juveniles in the correctional process, including assessment, treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration. The course covers topics such as diversion programs, detention alternatives, the role of the juvenile court, and the impact of legal reforms and public policy. Emphasis is placed on understanding the social, psychological, and legal factors influencing juvenile behavior, as well as evidence-based strategies to reduce recidivism and promote positive outcomes for young offenders.
Recommended Textbook
Juvenile Delinquency Theory Practice and Law 11th Edition by Larry J. Siegel
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17 Chapters
1103 Verified Questions
1103 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Childhood Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Legally, delinquents and status offenders are considered __________________.
Answer: Independent concepts.
Q2) A family style wherein the father is the final authority on all family matters and exercises
Complete control over his wife and children is called ________.
A)Parens patriae
B)Paternalistic
C)Matriarchal
D)Democratic
Answer: B
Q3) Under parens patriae delinquent acts are not considered criminal violations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Family structure and the role of children began to change after the __________.
A)Civil War
B)Enlightenment
C)Middle Ages
D)First World War
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent years, the number of females engaging in delinquent activities has been lower than the number of males engaging in delinquent activities.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) To conduct _____ research, researchers manipulate or intervene in the lives of their subjects to see the outcome or the effect of the intervention.
A)Experimental
B)Single-subject
C)Ethnographic
D)Meta-analysis
Answer: A
Q3) Children who are found to be disruptive and antisocial as early as age 5 or 6 are the most likely to exhibit stable, long-term patterns of disruptive behavior through adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: Individual Views of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) The crime prevention method that relies on reducing the opportunity to commit criminal acts by making them more difficult to perform, reducing their reward and increasing their risks is called _________________________.
Answer: Situational crime prevention
Q2) Violence prone youth see the world around them as filled with aggressive people.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Putting unbreakable glass on storefronts is an example of ______________.
A)Target-hardening
B)Specific deterrence
C)Community policing
D)Conflict theory
Answer: A
Q4) __________ is a condition in which the prevailing emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances.
ANS; Mood disorder
Answer: Mood disorder
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Structure, Process, Culture, and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the "culture of poverty" and "underclass".Explain how these concepts place children and adults "at-risk".
Q2) Which theory holds that crime is a function of the conflict between the goals people have and the means they can use to legally obtain them?
A)Strain theory
B)Differential association theory
C)Labeling theory
D)Power-control theory
Q3) Standards by which teachers and other representatives of state authority evaluate students' behavior are referred to as middle-class measuring rods by Albert Cohen.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to _____ theorists, how you live is more important than where you live.
Q5) Social disorganization theory links delinquency to middle class measuring rods. A)True
B)False
Q6) _____ theory helps identify the micro-level or individual influence of strain.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Social Reason, Conflict, and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the four quadrants of Howard Becker's table of deviance and reaction.Do you agree or disagree with Becker's theory, why or why not?
Q2) _____ refers to something, such as a possession, rank or activity, by which one's social or economic prestige is measured.
Q3) The concept of restorative justice has its roots in symbolic interaction theory.
A)True B)False
Q4) A public procedure (such as being scolded by a judge) that can transform youthful offenders by thrusting them outside the social mainstream is called a ____.
Q5) According to _____, moral entrepreneurs are people who construct rules.
A)Frank Tannenbaum
B)Marvin Krohn
C)Howard Becker
D)Edwin Lemert
Q6) _____ is/are hardest hit by globalization.
Q7) Social reaction theory is also commonly called critical theory. A)True B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Developmental Theories of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ theories incorporate social, personal, and developmental factors into complex explanations of human behavior.
A)Latent
B)Behavioral
C)Integrated
D)Age-graded
Q2) Explain Terrie Moffitt's Adolescent Limited and Life Course Persistent Offenders theory of crime.What is your view on her theory? Explain.
Q3) Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi developed the _____ theory..
A)Labeling
B)Trajectory
C)General theory of crime
D)Differential association
Q4) Explain the concept of problem behavior syndrome.What is your view of this concept? Explain.
Q5) Moffitt finds that life-course persisters combine family dysfunction with _____ that predispose them to antisocial behavior patterns.
Q6) _____ theory suggests that there is more than one path to a delinquent career.
Q7) Discuss Rolf Leober's three pathways to crime.Explain your view of theory.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gender and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Males do better in tasks that require retrieval from long-term memory while females excel in tasks that require visual image manipulation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Haynie and Piquero found that both boys and girls who reached puberty at an early age increase their chances of _____.
Q3) _____ includes all forms of transportation of women and girls (as well as young boys) through the use of force, abduction, fraud, and coercion for the purpose of sexual and/or commercial exploitation.
Q4) Discuss the policy shifts that may have escalated girls' arrest proneness.Do you agree or disagree with these shifts.Explain.
Q5) Discuss the possible relationship between early puberty and victimization.
Q6) Discuss sex tourism and child prostitution.What is your view of this problem? Explain.
Q7) Discuss how gender differences impact the way youth are treated by the juvenile justice system.
Q8) Females are _____ to fear that outward expressions of personal anger will hurt their relationships.
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Chapter 8: The Family and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ Project is dedicated to addressing our nation's crises of child abuse, neglect and abandonment, teen pregnancy, and overall violence by parenting, empathy, and nurturing skills to all school-age children and teens.
A)Child Awareness
B)Down With Violence
C)Head Start
D)Parenting
Q2) One of the most significant problems associated with abuse cases is the trauma a child must go through in a court hearing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) While the terms child abuse and neglect are used interchangeably, they both represent different forms of maltreatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Good parenting lowers the risk of delinquency for children living in _____.
Q5) In _____, the court held that a protective screen is allowed in order that the child witness would not have to see the accused defendant
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Chapter 9: Peers and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) In regard to gang control, _____ refers to one or more police officers, usually from youth or detective units who are assigned exclusively to gang-control work.
A)Gang details
B)Youth services programs
C)Gang units
D)Gang breakers
Q2) Frederick Thrasher coined the term _____, to describe a group that fills a crack in the social fabric and maintains standard group practices.
A)Criminal gang
B)Interstitial group
C)Gang banger
D)Profit gang
Q3) Research conducted by the National Gang Crime Research Center indicates most youths join their first gang at age _____.
A)7
B)9
C)12
D)16
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11
Chapter 10: Schools and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Safe Harbor is a bullying intervention program.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Surveys indicate that _____ percent of teachers have been victims of crimes in schools.
A)3
B)7
C)17
D)30
Q3) Since 1972, dropout rates have remained the highest for _____.
A)Whites
B)African Americans
C)Hispanics
D)Asians
Q4) School failure may also be linked to _____ that might actually be treatable if properly identified.
Q5) There is no real difference in criminal behaviors found in urban schools and those found in rural schools.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Drug Use and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) About _____ percent of the teenage population distributes multiple substances and commits both property and violent crimes; many are gang members.
A)2
B)3
C)8
D)12
Q2) _____ are insulated from the justice system because their activities rarely result in apprehension.
Q3) _____ is the most widely abused anesthetic drug.
A)Phencyclidine (PCP)
B)Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
C)Amyl nitrite (Poppers)
D)Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Q4) Heroin is produced from _____.
A)An alkaloid derivative of the coca plant
B)Dried leaves of the cannabis plant
C)Combining speed and methamphetamine
D)opium poppy flowers
Q5) Drugs that reduce anxiety and promote relaxation are known as ______.
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Chapter 12: Delinquency Prevention
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Oregon Social Learning Center (OSLC) targeted first-time mothers-to-be to receive home visits from nurses during their pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There are only two methods by which to classify delinquency prevention programspublic health approach and the developmental perspective.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The _____ used a method in which teachers learn techniques that reward appropriate student behavior and minimize disruptive behavior.
A)Good Behavior Game
B)Quantum Opportunities Program
C)Seattle Social Development Project
D)Juvenile Mentoring Program
Q4) One report found that by age 5, children who experienced the enriched day care offered by Head Start averaged a 10 point gain on their IQ scores.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A typical resident of the House of Refuge devotee most of his/her time to _____.
A)Education
B)Religious instruction
C)Supervised labor
D)Vocational training
Q2) The organization that protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school was called the _____.
Q3) Today, juvenile justice systems exist in all states by _____.
Q4) _____ is the first step in the juvenile justice process.
Q5) Child saving organizations influenced the _____ to enact laws giving courts the power to commit children who were runaways or criminal offenders to specialized institutions.
A)State legislatures
B)Federal government
C)Local governments
D)State judiciary
Q6) Juveniles have a constitutional right to jury trial.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ______ is the juvenile equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders.
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Chapter 14: Police Work With Juveniles
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Q1) Most courts have concluded that ______ need not be present for children to effectively waive their rights to remain silent.
Q2) Police reform efforts of the 1930s resulted in the creation of specialized police units, known as _____.
A)Child savers
B)Juvenile watch system
C)Delinquency control squads
D)Juvenile order system
Q3) Discuss gender bias in police treatment of male and female offenders.Provide an example.
Q4) In the 1970s, Strasburg found that _____ percent of all youth who come in contact with the police do not get past the initial stage of the juvenile justice process.
A)25
B)50
C)60
D)68
Q5) Discuss the history of juvenile policing in the early American colonies through the 1930s.
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Chapter 15: Juvenile Court Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most juvenile experts oppose _____ because it clashes with the rehabilitative ideal.
Q2) A low percentage of juvenile offenders enter guilty pleas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On average, _____ percent of juvenile cases are waived to adult court by the juvenile court each year.
A)Less than 0.5
B)Approximately 2
C)Approximately 9
D)Approximately 15
Q4) A _____ refers to a court appointed individual who protects the interests of the child in cases involving the child's welfare.
A)Court appointed defense attorney
B)Social worker
C)Social attorney
D)Guardian ad litem
Q5) List the duties of the juvenile court judge.Explain why it is difficult to attract well-trained individuals for juvenile courts in limited or specialized jurisdiction?
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Chapter 16: Juvenile Corrections: Probation
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Q1) Requiring youth to reimburse the victims of their crimes is the most widely used form of restitution in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ seeks to make all aspects of the inmates' environment part of their treatment and to minimize differences between custodial staff and treatment personnel.
A)Milieu therapy
B)Community treatment
C)Guided group interactions
D)Behavior modification
Q3) Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, Competency, and individualized attention to the juvenile offender are called _____.
A)Therapeutic programming
B)Restorative justice
C)Innovative justice
D)Balanced probation
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18
Chapter 17: Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Abroad
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Q1) Discuss the recent study conducted by the European Crime Prevention Network (ECPN) regarding trends in juvenile violence in European Union countries.The authors indicate a problem with data collection on an international level; explain why you believe this to be the case.
Q2) War crimes are an example of transnational crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ are those that are recognized by international law, such as war crimes.
Q4) According to the text, in New Zealand the specialized youth aid sections of the police departments have reportedly diverted more than half of the juvenile offenders out of the juveniles justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Chinese authorities report that juvenile delinquency has been on the increase for several years, with _____ being a major component of juvenile crime.
Q6) Compare and contrast juvenile drug use within the US and Europe.
Q7) Like the U.S., England adheres to the treatment philosophy known as _____, which recognizes that youth are in need of special consideration and treatment.
Page 19
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