Correctional Law Test Bank
Course Introduction
Correctional Law explores the legal frameworks governing the administration and operation of correctional institutions, including prisons, jails, and community corrections. The course examines constitutional rights of incarcerated individuals, statutory provisions impacting corrections, and key court decisions shaping correctional practices. Topics include the Eighth Amendments prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment, due process in disciplinary proceedings, the right to access courts, prisoner rights related to religion, healthcare, and privacy, as well as legal issues arising from parole and probation. By analyzing current legal challenges and policy debates, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the balance between institutional order and civil liberties within the correctional system.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Corrections 2nd Edition by Robert D. Hanser
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527 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Early History of Punishment and the
Development of Prisons in the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the first American institution exclusively dedicated to the correction of felons?
A) Mamertine Prison
B) The Walnut Street Jail
C) Old Newgate Prison
D) The Hulk
Answer: B
Q2) What was the Church's early equivalent to a legal proceeding?
A) Secular trial
B) Trial by redemption
C) Trial by intervention
D) Trial by ordeal
Answer: D
Q3) Maconochie's principles are often referred to as the __________ system.
A) mark
B) determinate
C) check
D) reformatory
Answer: A
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Ideological and Theoretical Underpinnings to Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) These factors make one's commission of the crime more understandable.
A) Mitigating factors
B) Aggravating factors
C) Negative factors
D) Positive factors
Answer: A
Q2) Determinate sentencing is sentencing that includes a range of years that will be potentially served by the offender.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which philosophical underpinning in corrections is intended to cause vicarious learning whereby observers see that offenders are punished for a given crime and themselves are discouraged from committing a like-mannered crime due to fear of punishment?
A) General deterrence
B) Specific deterrence
C) Treatment
D) Restorative justice
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Correctional Law and Legal Liabilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Qualified immunity exists for those persons who work in positions that require unimpaired decision making.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) This is the primary case that deals with inmate access to the courts.
A) Johnson v. Avery (1969)
B) Ex parte Hull (1941)
C) Turner v. Safley (1987)
D) Cooper v. Pate (1964)
Answer: A
Q3) This is a court order that requires an agency to take some form of action or to refrain from a particular action or set of actions.
A) Declaratory judgments
B) Compensatory damages
C) Punitive damages
D) Injunction
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Jail and Detention Facilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a common specialized need that emerges in the jail setting?
A) Substance-abusing offenders
B) Mental health issues of offenders
C) Suicide of offenders
D) Food complaints of offenders
Q2) Individuals cycling in and out of the facility, large number of persons with mental disturbances, and homeless inmate are issues commonly facing __________.
A) podular jails
B) short-term jails
C) metropolitan jails
D) rural jails
Q3) A lockup is often a police-operated facility where individuals who have been arrested can be held for up to seven days.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and define three specialized jail sentences that are "middle road" forms of custody. In addition, identify which type of offenders commonly receive each sentence.
Q5) Discuss the characteristics and challenges of metropolitan jail systems.
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Chapter 5: Probation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Probationers have general conditions of probation that they must meet. Which of the following conditions is not a general condition of probation?
A) The probationer can possess a firearm.
B) The probationer cannot leave the jurisdiction without court approval.
C) The probationer must remain drug-free.
D) The probationer must pay probation fees.
Q2) Which state is known as the home of probation?
A) Pennsylvania
B) Massachusetts
C) New York
D) Connecticut
Q3) Probation is a sanction that serves to reduce prison overcrowding.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Probation does not exist at the federal level.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and discuss the qualifications, characteristics, and nature of work of most probation officers.
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Chapter 6: Intermediate Sanctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suspended execution of imposition of a sentence is an example of a warning intermediate sanction measure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following type of correctional control is not considered to be a form of intermediate sanction?
A) Electronic monitoring
B) Intensive supervised probation
C) Probation
D) Jail incarceration
Q3) Which of the following methods is the most cost-effective, reliable, and widely used drug testing procedure?
A) Blood testing
B) Urine testing
C) Hair testing
D) Sweat testing
Q4) Currently, there is no single definition of intermediate sanctions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Correctional Facilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a reason why the number of inmates with disabilities has continued to grow throughout correctional systems nationwide?
A) Offenders are older when committing offenses that require incarceration.
B) Inmates are aging while incarcerated.
C) The effects of alcohol and drug use on inmates.
D) Inmate injured due to violence in correctional facilities.
Q2) Movement of inmates out of the cell block or pod often requires restraints and security staff escorts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Supermax facilities can be freestanding facilities where the entire facility consists of this higher security level or they can be a specified section of the facility that has additional security features that make it a supermax facility.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Supermax facilities provide the highest level of prison security.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Classification and Custody Levels
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Sample Questions
Q1) In times past, subjective forms of classification, based on the clinical opinions of professionals, were largely utilized.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify the four goals of classification systems.
Q3) Inmates with prior convictions are significantly more likely than first-time offenders to be regular drug users.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Who is the head of the direct classification team within a correctional facility?
A) Unit manager
B) Case manager
C) Correctional counselor
D) Educational adviser
Q5) Discuss the first actual classification system for offenders. Identify who implemented the system, the name of the system, and the specific phases of classification.
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Chapter 9: Prison Subculture and Prison Gang Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the key tenet of importation theory?
A) Refers to the standards in behavior attributed to inmates who earn respect by proving themselves worthy of that title.
B) Refers to the various inconveniences and deprivations that occur as a result of incarceration.
C) Refers to assertion that certain social group reactions serve to make certain behaviors deviant, regardless of the individual context in which they occur.
D) Refers to the idea that the subculture within prisons is brought in from outside the walls by offenders who have developed their beliefs and norms while on the streets.
Q2) Define the convict code.
A) A label given to an inmate who reveals the activity of another inmate to authorities.
B) An inmate's sense of masculine standing within the prison culture.
C) A set of standards attributed to the true convict.
D) The process of being socialized into the prison culture.
Q3) Inmates are considered superior to those labeled "convicts."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Female Offenders in Correctional Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which Supreme Court case resulted in a decree issued for the Michigan Department of Corrections to provide female inmates access to programming that had previously been provided only to male inmates?
A) Turner v. Safley (1987)
B) Glover v. Johnson (1988)
C) Cason v. Seckinger (1984)
D) Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Q2) Kinship structures are a common aspect within female correctional institutions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which states have the lowest rates of female incarceration? Explain at least partially why they have such low incarceration rates.
Q4) Which is not a potential reason, as provided by the author, why certain states have low rates of incarceration?
A) These states are more progressive.
B) These states are more prone to using treatment schemes and restorative justice.
C) These states tend to have more severe sentencing guidelines.
D) These states tend to be more affluent.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Specialized Inmate Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the most part, the quality and delivery of health and medical care in institutional corrections is good.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most sex offenders are housed within the general population of the correctional institution.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Older inmates who have acquired respect within the offender subculture due to their track record and criminal history, both inside and outside the prison, are known as
A) watchdogs
B) bulldogs
C) greyhairs
D) greyhounds
Q4) Renovating existing correctional facilities, for ADA compliance, is often cheaper than building a new facility.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Juvenile Correctional Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of youth engage in minor forms of delinquency during their adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This instrument has emerged as particularly useful for classifying juvenile offenders.
A) LSI-R
B) YLS/CMI
C) DSM-IV
D) LSI
Q3) What is the major premise of the juvenile courts?
A) To act in the best interests of the community
B) To act in the best interests of the child(ren)
C) To act in the best interests of the victim(s)
D) To act in the best interests of the child(ren)'s parents
Q4) The Uniform Juvenile Court Act states that delinquent youth can be kept in a jail or another type of adult facility when other options are not available.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Correctional Administration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Broad managerial documents that include goals and objectives of the agency, and state the general direction in which an agency intends to operate are known as:
A) unit plans.
B) strategic plans.
C) tactical plans.
D) bureaucratic plans.
Q2) Emergency preparedness and emergency response are synonymous.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The sphere of control that supervisors have over employees that they encounter and interact with on a routine basic is known as:
A) span of control.
B) span of influence.
C) strategic plans.
D) tactical planning.
Q4) Local correctional systems consist primarily of misdemeanant inmates.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the job position of a prison warden.
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Chapter 14: Prison Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are two types of prison work programs. The first type provides the inmate a trade or a skill. What does the second type do?
A) Teaches inmates social skills
B) Keeps inmates productive
C) Maintains the functioning of the prison itself
D) Provides the inmates an education
Q2) The Quakers were largely against the use of education for prison inmates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) This Supreme Court decision indicated that the state must provide inmates with adequate medical care.
A) Cooper v. Pate (1964)
B) Estelle v. Gamble (1976)
C) LeMaire v. Maass (1993)
D) Hutto v. Finney (1978)
Q4) Feeding inmates with prison food loaf has been deemed a violation of Eighth Amendment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss how the War on Drugs impacted inmate access to higher education.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Parole and Reintegration
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of state parole board members are appointed by the state's
A) Director of Corrections
B) Governor
C) Supreme Court
D) Attorney General
Q2) The Second Chance Act was designed to improve outcomes for people returning to communities from prisons and jails.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which Act provided for the abolition of the Parole Commission?
A) Second Chance Act
B) Parole Commission and Reorganization Act
C) Comprehensive Crime Control Act
D) Parole Commission Phaseout Act
Q4) Which of the following men is considered the father of parole?
A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Alexander Maconochie
C) William Penn
D) Sanborn
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Death Penalty
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is largely responsible for seeking a death penalty sentence in a court of law?
A) The defense counsel
B) The prosecutor
C) The family of the victim
D) The judge
Q2) What is the lowest age that the Supreme Court has recently declared a juvenile can be executed?
A) 10 years old
B) 16 years old
C) 12 years old
D) No one who was under the age of 18 when the crime was committed will be executed
Q3) Cruel and unusual punishment is prohibited by the __________ Amendment to the Constitution.
A) Eighth
B) First
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifth
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Chapter 17: Program Evaluation, Evidence-Based Practices, and Future Trends in Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Agency personnel, the community in which the agency is located, and the offender population are examples of __________ in correctional evaluations.
A) transparencies
B) stakeholder
C) simplicities
D) evidence-based practices
Q2) __________ is/are the top priority for correctional agencies.
A) Public and institutional safety and security
B) Offender rehabilitation
C) Offender punishment
D) Specific and general deterrence
Q3) Evaluation research, which shows that a program has inconclusive support regarding its efficacy, falls in the __________ level of the Research Support Pyramid for Evidence-Based Practice Implementation.
A) silver
B) iron
C) bronze
D) dirt
Q4) Explain the assessment-evaluation cycle.
Page 19
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