Contemporary Social Problems
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Contemporary Social Problems examines the major issues and challenges facing society today, including poverty, inequality, crime, discrimination, environmental crises, and public health. The course explores these problems through sociological theories and research, considering their causes, impacts, and potential solutions. Students will critically analyze how cultural, economic, political, and technological factors contribute to the development and persistence of social problems, and will engage in discussions about policy responses, activism, and the role of individuals and communities in promoting social change.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs Behaviour and Society 2nd Canadian Edition by Carl L Hart Dr
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18 Chapters
1283 Verified Questions
1283 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The OSDUHS, which today interviews thousands of students every second year from elementary and secondary schools across Ontario was originally launched in which year?
A) 1977
B) 1989
C) 1999
D) 2004
Answer: A
Q2) How a drug exists is an important fact to consider. For instance, compared to smoking cocaine in the form of "crack", how will Indigenous South Americans who chew coca leaves absorb cocaine?
A) Quickly over a short period of time.
B) Slowly over a short period of time.
C) Slowly over a long period.
D) Quickly and continuously over a long period.
Answer: C
Q3) Every drug has multiple effects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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Sample Questions
Q1) Up until the twentieth century, the most common view was probably that dependent individuals were weak willed, lazy, or immoral.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What three different principal concerns throughout the twentieth century have universally driven the development of drug laws throughout the twentieth century? Answer: The three are: toxicity, dependence, and crime.
Q3) Longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behaviour usually occur earlier in life than the first use of an illicit drug.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Supreme Court of Canada ruled the law prohibiting marijuana possession a violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms because it did not take users of medical marijuana into account.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following is an offence under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act?
A) To obtain a controlled substance from a practitioner.
B) To obtain a controlled substance without a prescription.
C) To obtain a controlled substance without a license.
D) To obtain a controlled substance without revealing other controlled substances procured from other practitioners within a 30 day period.
Answer: D
Q3) In, Canada Phase I testing of drugs is conducted using animal subjects only. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the roles of agonist and antagonist drugs?
Q2) Unlike neurons, glial cells in the brain are purely for support and are incapable of communicating with each other.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the somatic system.
Q4) Scientists at the University of British Columbia reported that an alcohol extract from the plant "Rhodiola rosea" could assist with which of the following?
A) Paralysis
B) Memory impaired disorders
C) Opioid withdrawal symptoms
D) Parkinson disease
Q5) The club drug GHB is a close chemical relative of which neurotransmitter?
A) Dopamine.
B) Serotonin.
C) Norepinephrine.
D) GABA.
Q6) Describe the structure of a neuron.
Q7) Describe the peripheral nervous system.
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text uses an example of overlapping dose-response curves for slowed reaction time, ataxia (staggering), and coma to illustrate which of the following?
A) How different drugs have different effects.
B) That new responses appear as the dose of alcohol is increased.
C) The placebo effect.
D) The grapefruit-juice effect.
Q2) Less than 45% of Canadians think marijuana will be legalized in the within the 10 years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A drug's potency is defined in terms of how great an effect it can produce.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Nonspecific effects of taking a drug are those that do not depend on its chemical activity. What are they referred as?
A) Placebo effects
B) Ataxia
C) Side effects
D) Dose-response effects
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the outcome of 2007 The Student Drug Use Survey in the Atlantic Provinces (SDUSAP): Atlantic Technical Report.
Q2) Explain the different preparations of cocaine and how they are used.
Q3) What was the role of the coca leaf in the Inca culture?
Q4) Describe cocaine's mechanism of action.
Q5) How are amphetamines defined in Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act?
A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Schedule III
D) Class A
Q6) Who was Karl Koller, and what did he do to solidify a place in history?
Q7) What does crystal meth refer to?
A) Methamphetamine crystals, which may be smoked
B) Methamphetamine capsules
C) The "high" experienced after injecting methamphetamine
D) Methamphetamine imported from Colombia
Q8) Explain the three consequences for the drug scene from the tightening of restrictions on amphetamines in the 1960s and 1970s.
Q9) Describe the term "bath salts".
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Chapter 7: Other Depressants and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary medical uses for sedative-hypnotics have been to treat anxiety and sleep disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of these is NOT one of the early sedative-hypnotics used in medicine?
A) Chloral hydrate
B) Paraldehyde
C) Butyrate
D) Bromide salts
Q3) Describe the first Rape Victim Story that was reported in the public in the USA.
Q4) Barbiturates and benzodiazepines influence which receptors in the brain?
A) Glutamate
B) GHB
C) Serotonin
D) GABA
Q5) Nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") is often used as a surgical anaesthetic due to its wide margin of safety.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the existing law regarding volatile solvent use in Canada?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Medication for Mental Disorders
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which country was the first to issue a Black-Box Warnings regarding Treating Adolescentsand Children with Antidepressants??
A) Australia
B) Canada
C) England
D) United States
Q2) Which treatment was used in the early 1900s to treat patients who had psychosis, when it was believed to be caused by syphilis?
A) Malaria therapy
B) Thiopental sodium
C) Phenothiazines
D) Insulin
Q3) As a Canadian citizen, what is the likelihood you will experience major depression at some point in your life which will require hospitalization?
A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 10%
D) 15%
Q4) Distinguish between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss some of the effects of alcohol on sexual behaviour.
Q2) Heavy drinkers with Wernicke's disease (vitamin B1 deficiency) also usually exhibit memory deficits and other mental problems associated with which of the following?
A) Korsakoff's psychosis
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Alcohol myopia
Q3) In what year did a specific company become the first liquor manufacturing company to break the voluntary ban and advertised their product?
A) 1975
B) 1986
C) 1996
D) 2002
Q4) Describe the processes of fermentation and distillation, and give examples of the kinds of beverages produced by each process.
Q5) In terms of volume, Canadians drink most of their alcohol in the form of beer.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Tobacco
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73 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What substance in cigarettes was targeted and in which decade in order to provide a safer cigarette?
Q2) According to research most cigarette smoking is done in a fairly reliable way, describe what occurs.
Q3) The FDA has regulated the nicotine content of cigarettes since 1964.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In 2007, Health Canada approved a nicotine partial agonist drug as a smoking treatment. What was the drug?
A) Diazepam (Valium).
B) Olanzepine (Zyprexa).
C) Varenicline (Champix).
D) Xanthine (Theophil).
Q5) From which of the following sources is it believed that the word tobacco originated?
A) It was the name of the native tribe that gave it to Columbus.
B) It was the name of a town in Mexico where the herb was extensively used.
C) It was the scientific name of the plant whose leaves are used.
D) It was the scientific name of the chemical contained in the leaf of the plant.
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which country is the world's largest coffee producer?
A) Brazil
B) Colombia
C) Ethiopia
D) Vietnam
Q2) What is adenosine?
Q3) Health Canada recommends teens not drink energy drinks due to high levels of both caffeine and sugar, correlating with increased childhood obesity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What did a study completed by Mark Ashbridge of Dalhousie University in 2013 determine regarding how commonly alcohol is consumed together with energy drinks?
A) About 10% of the participants said they mix energy drinks with alcohol.
B) About 20% of the participants said they mix energy drinks with alcohol.
C) About 30% of the participants said they mix energy drinks with alcohol.
D) About 40% of the participants said they mix energy drinks with alcohol.
Q5) Without adenosine, brain activity increases and results in increased alertness.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Natural Health Products and
Drugs
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74 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What dietary supplement ingredient has been tested for its ability to improve memory in Alzheimer's disease, but has produced only inconsistent and unreliable improvements in published research?
A) Lobelia
B) Androstenedione
C) Ginkgo biloba
D) St. John's wort
Q2) Which statement best describes what is required before a prescription or an OTC drug can be sold in Canada?
A) Each different brand is required to contain unique ingredients.
B) Drugs must prove their effectiveness.
C) Each type of drug is limited to only a single active ingredient.
D) The manufacturer must seek a Notice of Compliance (NOC) from Health Canada.
Q3) What does the textbook suggests consumers do to choose among the wide variety of OTC products?
A) Know which are reputable manufacturers.
B) Read the list of potential side effects.
C) Know a fairly small number of ingredient names.
D) Ask advice from their friends who have taken them.
Q4) What occurred in Canada in 2002 regarding the drug ephedra and why?
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scientific research that has shown prescription heroin is an effective treatment for patients suffering from severe addiction.
A)True B)False
Q2) Naloxone and naltrexone are natural brain chemicals that have effects similar to morphine.
A)True B)False
Q3) Which statement describes the process of developing dependence on heroin?
A) It is so rapid it can occur after just one intravenous injection.
B) It seems to require three or more injections per day for several days.
C) It takes at least a month of use at relatively high doses.
D) It depends more on the dose than on how often the drug has been used.
Q4) Describe three major medical uses for opioid drugs, and discuss how effective these drugs are for each use.
Q5) What do nonprescription cough remedies contain and what role does it play?
Q6) Where does the Canadian supply of opium and heroin come from, and what trends were stated in the text?
Q7) What is important to know regarding opioid overdoses?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Salvia divinorum and how it is used.
Q2) The Army and the CIA experimented with LSD in the mid-twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ayahuasca is a name for the cactus containing mescaline.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It was believed that if a plant contains a spirit, then eating the plant transfers that spirit to the person who eats it, and the spirit of the plant can speak to the consumer, make that person feel the plant's joy, or provide special powers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What does the plant Jimsonweed contain?
A) Anticholinergic chemicals
B) LSD
C) Psilocybin
D) Ephedrine
Q6) In the 1950s, what was the Parke, Davis & Company investigating, and which animal did they use while conducting their research?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Cannabis
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Sample Questions
Q1) A great number of studies have consistently reported that smoked marijuana and oral THC both produce which of the following?
A) Permanent impairments in short-term memory
B) Increase risk to throat cancer
C) Reduced immunity to diseases
D) Increased daily food intake
Q2) What are the effects of cannabis in the treatment of anxiety and depression?
Q3) The oral form of synthetic THC in Canada is called dronabinol.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does the second most potent preparation is traditionally called ganja in India consist of?
A) The dried stem systems located in the female plants.
B) The dried stem systems located in the male plants.
C) The dried flowering tops located in the female plants.
D) The dried flowering tops located in the male plants.
Q5) What are the three types of traditional cannabis produced in India?
Q6) Identify and describe a document that would assist in knowing scientific facts regarding cannabis and its uses.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hormone receptor-blocking drugs have probably been used to delay puberty in female gymnasts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why has it been more difficult to determine scientifically whether adult men with normal testosterone can get much stronger from using extra steroids?
A) Pure steroids have not been available for medical research
B) No drug company will fund the research
C) It would be unethical to expose research participants to the high doses of multiple steroids used by athletes
D) The FDA doesn't want to find out that they might really work
Q3) What evidence exists today that described the effects of creatine?
Q4) According to the Major League Baseball Drug Policy, what are the specific Penalties for violating their policies relating specifically to steroid use, after the third positive test?
Q5) Describe several legally available dietary (nutritional) supplements that are used as possible performance enhancers, and what is known about their effectiveness.
Q6) Describe the development and current state of International Drug Testing.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 2004 Inuit Health Survey revealed that the use of cannabis, cocaine, and solvents decreased between 1992 and 2004.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When was Canada's National Anti-Drug Strategy launched?
A) 1985
B) 1997
C) 2002
D) 2007
Q3) How common are DARE programs in Canada, and which profession is predominately responsible for providing the content?
Q4) In the early 1970s, why was the Knowledge-Attitudes-Behaviour model questioned?
A) Drug users didn't care much what people thought about them
B) Students with more knowledge about drugs had a more positive attitude toward drugs
C) Drug-using behaviour is unrelated to attitudes about drug use
D) It was more effective just to use scare tactics
Q5) Describe the outcome of two important, large-scale studies of the effects of DARE that were released in 1994.
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Abuse and Dependence
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the stages of change decision stage, the substance user may be aware of drug-related consequences but is ambivalent about change.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In motivational enhancement therapy, drinkers are given Antabuse so that they will be afraid to drink alcohol.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most effective potential medical treatment for cocaine appears to be the antidepressant drug citalopram.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The federal government also provides direct funding for treatment and rehabilitation to five specific categories of people; who are they?
Q5) Approximately 10 million Canadians may meet the diagnostic criteria for being dependent on or having abused alcohol and other drugs.
A)True
B)False
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