Contemporary Social Issues
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of major social issues facing societies in the contemporary world, such as inequality, globalization, migration, gender, race, environmental challenges, and the impact of technology. Through multidisciplinary perspectives, students critically analyze the origins, implications, and possible solutions to these problems. Emphasis is placed on understanding diverse viewpoints, evaluating the role of institutions and policy, and developing informed arguments. Through readings, discussions, and case studies, students gain the analytical tools needed to engage thoughtfully with the challenges and opportunities presented by a rapidly changing global society.
Recommended Textbook Drugs Society and Human Behavior 15th Edition by Carl Hart
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18 Chapters
716 Verified Questions
716 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Drug Use: an Overview
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that,in about 1980, A)cocaine use was just beginning to increase.
B)alcohol use was low and marijuana use was high.
C)rates of using cocaine,alcohol,and marijuana were all about the same as in 2000.
D)rates of using alcohol,marijuana,and other illicit drugs reached their highest points,and all are now lower than in 1980.
Answer: D
Q2) Factors that are correlated with lower rates of drug use are known as A)antecedents.
B)gender and age.
C)deviates.
D)protective factors.
Answer: D
Q3) Cocaine and methamphetamine are still used for medical purposes in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rank the following drugs (from highest to lowest)according to the number of mentions in the 2009 DAWN emergency department dataset.
A)Cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids,antidepressants
B)Cocaine,prescription opioids,heroin,antidepressants
C)Alcohol-in-combination,cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids
D)Alcohol-in-combination,prescription opioids,heroin,cocaine
Answer: B
Q2) The DAWN system tells us exactly how many deaths are caused by a specific drug each year.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after repeated use.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 1906 U.S.law that prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs was called the
A)Controlled Substances Act.
B)Pure Food and Drugs Act.
C)Prescription Drug Act.
D)Patent Medicines Act.
Answer: B
Q2) One concern that led to the initial passage of federal drug-control legislation in 1906 was
A)amphetamine abuse.
B)marijuana smoking.
C)heroin use.
D)patent medicines.
Answer: D
Q3) Compared to urine samples,hair samples
A)can be used to test for a greater variety of drugs.
B)can detect drug use for up to a week.
C)can detect drug use for up to 90 days.
D)are harder to obtain.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on A)blood sugar level.
B)the type of receptor.
C)the rate of synthesis.
D)enzyme actions.
Q2) The actions of drugs on neurotransmitter systems can be divided into two main types.What are they?
Q3) Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons called the A)transporter.
B)synapse.
C)partition.
D)vesicle.
Q4) The brain imaging technique that involves injection of radioactive chemicals in order to measure brain function is called A)positron emission tomography (PET).
B)mass spectroscopy.
C)electron microscopy.
D)electrochemical detection.
Q5) Describe the structure of a neuron.
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common way for drug molecules to be deactivated is by
A)CYP450 enzymes in the liver.
B)protein binding.
C)elimination through the bowel.
D)reuptake.
Q2) If you want to get very high concentrations of cocaine to the brain very rapidly,which route of administration would you probably use?
A)oral
B)subcutaneous
C)topical
D)intravenous
Q3) For many psychoactive drugs,such as nicotine and cocaine,the fastest way to get an effect is by inhaling the drug's vapors.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the placebo effect? Describe some research techniques that have been developed to separate specific drug effects from placebo effects.
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scientific data indicate that chronic methamphetamine use causes extreme tooth decay.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cocaine use during pregnancy now appears to be associated with A)no consistent negative associations with physical growth,test scores,or language in children.
B)about one-third of all cases of mental retardation.
C)ADHD and depression in school-age children.
D)greater neonatal problems than alcohol or tobacco.
Q3) The passage of the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act
A)came after over a thousand stories about cocaine had appeared in the national media.
B)did not focus on any particular drug.
C)came in response to increasing concerns about methamphetamine.
D)did not differentiate between crack and powder cocaine.
Q4) Explain why the dependence potential of cocaine was unrecognized for many years.
Q5) Explain the three consequences for the drug scene from the tightening of restrictions on amphetamines in the 1960s and 1970s.
Page 8
Q6) Explain the different preparations of cocaine and how they are used.
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Librium (chlordiazepoxide)and Valium (diazepam)were the first widely sold
A)benzodiazepines.
B)barbiturates.
C)methaqualones.
D)sedatives.
Q2) Two drugs that were introduced as being safer than the barbiturates,but in the long run proved to be not much safer,were
A)fluoxetine and paroxetine.
B)toluene and xylene.
C)meprobamate and methaqualone.
D)perphenazine and thiazine.
Q3) Sedative-hypnotic agents bind to which receptors in the brain?
A)glutamate
B)GHB
C)serotonin
D)GABA
Q4) Ambien (zolpidem)is a popular benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguish between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Q2) The first antipsychotic drugs were the phenothiazines,introduced in the 1950s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One indirect consequence of effective drug treatment for serious mental disorders is that more mentally ill people are now in jail or prison than in mental hospitals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A major disturbance of intellectual and social functioning in which there is a loss of contact with reality is called A)anxiety disorder.
B)phobia.
C)depression.
D)psychosis.
Q5) Prozac was one of the early A)tricyclic antidepressants.
B)MAO inhibitors.
C)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
D)anti-manic drugs.
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe general patterns and trends in alcohol consumption in the U.S.About what proportion of adults are current drinkers? How is this affected by such factors as religion,ethnicity,and region of the country? How has per capita alcohol consumption changed in the past 30 years?
Q2) If one member of a pair of identical twins is dependent on alcohol,the other twin A)is virtually certain to also be dependent on alcohol.
B)has about a 50 percent chance of also being dependent on alcohol. C)has about a 10 percent chance of also being dependent on alcohol. D)is not at any greater risk for alcohol dependence than anyone else.
Q3) Hangover-prevention products sold on TV and over the Internet are actually pretty effective if they contain activated charcoal. A)True
B)False
Q4) Age 21 became the legal drinking age in all U.S.states in what year?
A)1933. B)1945. C)1970. D)1988.
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is no evidence indicating that cigarette smoking has skin-aging effects.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As a potent poison,nicotine causes death by
A)stopping the heart.
B)paralysis of respiration muscles.
C)constricting blood vessels in the brain.
D)increasing blood pressure until a stroke occurs.
Q3) The major commercial species of Nicotiana that is grown for tobacco products is
A)Nicotiana rustica.
B)Nicotiana indica.
C)Nicotiana tobacum.
D)Nicotiana sinensis.
Q4) People who switch to low tar and nicotine brand cigarettes
A)can avoid most of the health problems of cigarettes.
B)typically take more and deeper puffs and probably get no safety benefit.
C)actually generate more secondhand smoke.
D)still have some risk,but it is much lower than with regular cigarettes.
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are no consistent documented withdrawal symptoms from caffeine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Caffeine works in the brain by
A)stimulating dopamine release.
B)interfering with glutamate release.
C)blocking serotonin receptors.
D)blocking adenosine receptors.
Q3) In the 18<sup>th</sup> century,English coffeehouses were referred to as A)dens of iniquity.
B)penny universities.
C)health clinics.
D)Starbucks.
Q4) Most regular brewed teas have about how much caffeine per cup?
A)150-170 mg (more than coffee)
B)40-60 mg (about half the amount in coffee)
C)10-15 mg
D)none
Q5) Describe how and why the American revolution changed consumption of tea and coffee in America and in England.
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Chapter 12: Dietary Supplements and Over The Counter Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.market for over-the-counter drug products totals about
A)$180 billion.
B)$50 billion.
C)$18 billion.
D)$2 billion.
Q2) There has been some reported abuse by young people of products containing _________,which they take in high doses to produce visual and auditory hallucinations.
A)caffeine
B)acetaminophen
C)chlorpheniramine maleate
D)dextromethorphan
Q3) The textbook suggests that consumers are best able to choose from among the wide variety of OTC products by
A)knowing which are reputable manufacturers.
B)reading the list of potential side effects.
C)knowing a fairly small number of ingredient names.
D)asking advice from their friends who have taken them.
Q4) Describe the typical kinds of ingredients included in OTC cold remedies,and explain what each is for.
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Possession of opium,morphine,or heroin without a prescription was made a crime by
A)the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act.
B)a 1915 Supreme Court decision.
C)the 1970 Controlled Substances Act.
D)the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse amendments.
Q2) Long-term use of opioid drugs has been clearly shown to damage both the liver and the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Siegel and his colleagues have shown in animal studies that tolerance to opioids
A)is due to reduced absorption of the drug.
B)is not very great.
C)occurs after only a single exposure.
D)is partly due to conditioned responses.
Q4) The Opium War of 1839-1842 resulted,among other things,in
A)the Chinese being allowed to continue to ship opium to India.
B)American ships being prevented from trading with China for many years.
C)the destruction of all poppy fields in Turkey.
D)the island of Hong Kong becoming a British possession.
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Chapter 14: Psychedelics
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychological effect of LSD was first reported by
A)Dr.Sigmund Freud,a Viennese physician.
B)Albert Hofmann,the Swiss chemist who developed the drug.
C)Timothy Leary,a Harvard psychologist.
D)Saint Anthony.
Q2) The major thrust of early research on LSD was for its
A)possible use in treating rheumatism.
B)ability to relieve pain.
C)ability to reduce cravings for nicotine.
D)supposed ability to access the subconscious mind.
Q3) Although PCP was tested on humans,it was eventually adopted primarily for use in animals as an anesthetic and also in so-called "tranquilizer" guns.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The PCP experience differs from LSD and mescaline experiences in that PCP users
A)report more changes in body perception.
B)are more talkative.
C)report a lot of pain and discomfort.
D)see things in black and white instead of in color.
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Chapter 15: Cannabis
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40 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The natural substance found in the body that has marijuana-like effects is called ayahuasca.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hashish refers to
A)low-grade marijuana made from leaves.
B)a mixture of marijuana and opium.
C)pure cannabis resin.
D)any smokable form of cannabis.
Q3) According to recent data,marijuana is a clear cause of psychosis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The abuse potential of THC
A)seems to be very low.
B)is higher for smoked than for oral THC.
C)is higher for oral than for smoked THC.
D)is very high regardless of how it is consumed.
Q5) We know that smoking tobacco cigarettes is associated with increased mortality,especially due to cardiovascular problems and cancers.Compare this situation to what we know (and don't know)about the dangers of marijuana smoke.
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguish between the terms anabolic and androgenic when referring to steroid effects.What natural male hormone does both? What happens if women use anabolic steroids?
Q2) Stimulant drugs like caffeine,amphetamines,and cocaine are sometimes considered to increase energy output and are,therefore,called __________ drugs.
A)androgenic
B)pharmacokinetic
C)ergogenic
D)tachyphylaxis
Q3) Mariani's Coca Wine,which was sold as "wine for athletes," was an early version of a cola drink containing large amounts of caffeine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following stimulant drugs have been used as performance enhancers in athletic competitions
A)strychnine
B)cocaine
C)caffeine
D)all of the above
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Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) The textbook pointed out that drug prevention and drug ________ might have different goals and use different approaches.
A)education
B)mitigation
C)interdiction
D)demand reduction
Q2) Discuss the goals and approaches that distinguish drug education programs from drug prevention programs.
Q3) One study of the Life Skills Training program found significantly lower use of A)marijuana
B)alcohol
C)tobacco
D)all of the above
Q4) Primary prevention programs are aimed at
A)elderly patients that may need medication assistance.
B)adolescents who require substance abuse treatment.
C)young people who have not tried drugs.
D)addicts that require prevention or follow up.
Q5) Describe at least three of the components of the Social Influence Model of drug prevention.
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Possible, and Whats Feasible
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acamprosate,the most recent drug approved to treat alcohol dependence,is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter GABA.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The opioid antagonist naltrexone can prevent heroin from having its normal effect if it is injected.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Rapid opioid detoxification is based on
A)the use of methadone to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
B)making sure that the user experiences the full discomfort of withdrawal,while providing medical support.
C)anesthetizing users and administering an antagonist,so that withdrawal occurs while they are asleep.
D)switching the user to a shorter-duration opioid.
Q4) Describe the process and goals of motivational enhancement therapy.Be sure to include the concept of denial and also stages of change in your answer.
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