Contemporary Physics
Exam Review
Course Introduction
Contemporary Physics explores the fundamental concepts and recent advancements shaping modern physics. This course covers topics such as quantum mechanics, special and general relativity, particle physics, nuclear physics, solid-state physics, and cosmology. Emphasizing experimental discoveries and theoretical developments from the twentieth century to the present, students gain insight into the principles underlying cutting-edge technologies and current research frontiers. The course also discusses the impact of contemporary physics on society, technology, and interdisciplinary sciences, providing a foundation for further study and investigation in physics and STEM-related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Conceptual Physics 12th Edition by Paul G. Hewitt
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37 Chapters
2874 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: About Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific A)fact.
B)hypothesis.
C)law or principle.
D)theory.
E)none of the above
Answer: D
Q2) A truly educated person is knowledgeable about A)science.
B)the arts. C)religion.
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) For a scientific hypothesis to be valid, there must be a test for proving it A)right.
B)wrong.
C)conclusively one way or the other. Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Newtons First Law of Motion: Inertia
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Sample Questions
Q1) If no external forces act on a moving object, it will
A)continue moving at the same speed.
B)move slower and slower until it finally stops.
C)come to an abrupt halt.
D)none of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Tension is actually a force that tends to A)stretch something.
B)compress something.
C)break something.
D)balance something.
Answer: A
Q3) A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is A)equal to its weight.
B)equal to its weight divided by its mass.
C)equal to its mass times its weight.
D)none of the above
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Linear Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ball is thrown upwards and returns to the same location. Compared with its initial speed its speed when it returns is about
A)half as much.
B)the same.
C)twice as much.
D)four times as much.
Answer: B
Q2) A ball rolls along a horizontal track in a certain time. If the track has a dip in it, the time to roll the length of the track will be A)less.
B)the same.
C)more.
Answer: A
Q3) The average speed of a horse that gallops 10 kilometers in 30 minutes is
A)15 km/h.
B)20 km/h.
C)30 km/h.
D)40 km/h.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Newtons Second Law of Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s<sup>2</sup>. What net force is exerted on the car?
A)500 N
B)1000 N
C)1500 N
D)2000 N
E)none of these
Q2) Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration
A)may be less than zero.
B)is zero.
C)may be more than zero.
Q3) A skydiver's terminal velocity will be greatest if she falls
A)head first.
B)lying flat on her back.
C)lying flat on her stomach.
D)with her parachute open.
Q4) When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is A)zero.
B)g.
C)constant.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Newtons Third Law of Motion: Action and Reaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) To say there is no such thing as only one force means
A)there must also be a corresponding reaction force.
B)other forces, perhaps not evident, are there.
C)gibberish.
Q2) A river 100 m wide flows due south at 1 m/s. A boat that goes 1 m/s relative to the water leaves the west bank. To land at a point due east of its starting point, the boat must be pointed
A)northeast.
B)east.
C)southeast.
D)nowhere-it can't be done.
Q3) An airplane travels at 141 km/h toward the northeast. What is its component of velocity due north?
A)41 km/h
B)100 km/h
C)110 km/h
D)141 km/h
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Momentum
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Sample Questions
Q1) The total momentum of a flock of identical birds could be zero only if the birds are
A)taking off from the ground.
B)flying in the same direction.
C)flying in different directions.
D)very tired and coming down to rest.
Q2) The force on a dropped apple hitting the ground depends upon
A)the speed of the apple just before it hits.
B)the time of contact with the ground.
C)whether or not the apple bounces.
D)all of the above
Q3) When a vertically falling firecracker bursts, the vector sum of momentum fragments
A)in the horizontal direction cancels to zero.
B)in the vertical direction equals the momentum of the firecracker before bursting.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
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8
Chapter 7: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A feather and a coin dropped in a vacuum fall with equal A)forces due to gravity.
B)accelerations.
C)kinetic energies.
D)none of these
Q2) If you do work on a skateboard loaded with friends in one-third the usual time, you expend
A)one third as much power.
B)the usual power.
C)three times the usual power.
D)need more information.
Q3) One kilowatt-hour represents A)1 N.
B)60 N/s.
C)60,000 W.
D)3.6 million joules.
E)none of these
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Chapter 8: Rotational Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stand a broom upright on the end of its pole and let it topple to the floor. Repeat, but with the bristles end on the floor. The faster fall will be the broom standing on its A)pole-end.
B)bristles-end.
C)the same either way
Q2) The chef at the infamous Fattening Tower of Pizza tosses a spinning disk of uncooked pizza dough into the air. The disk becomes wider during its flight, while its rotational speed
A)remains constant.
B)quickens.
C)slows.
Q3) Stand a broom upright on the end of its pole and let it topple to the floor. Repeat, but with the bristles end on the floor. The faster fall will be the broom standing on its A)pole-end.
B)bristles-end.
C)the same either way.
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Chapter 9: Gravity
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a block is set sliding on a huge imaginary frictionless plane in contact with Earth's surface, it will NOT sustain a constant speed because
A)a component of gravitational force parallel to the plane soon acts on it.
B)gravity gets weaker as distance increases.
C)it is not free from the shackles of Earth's gravity.
D)of its inertia.
Q2) A very massive object A and a less massive object B move toward each other under the influence of gravity. Which force, if either, is greater?
A)the force on A
B)the force on B
C)both forces are the same.
Q3) For lunar tides to occur in the human body
A)most of the body would have to be in the liquid state.
B)Earth's gravitation would have to be incredibly small.
C)parts of the body would have to be appreciably closer to the Moon than other parts.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 10: Projectile and Satellite Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A satellite coasting at constant speed in a circular orbit
A)is beyond the pull of Earth's gravity
B)is nevertheless accelerating.
C)undergoes changes in its potential energy.
D)none of the above
Q2) Escape speed from the Sun is
A)about the same as from Earth.
B)very much greater than for Earth.
C)indefinite.
Q3) After a rock thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and then falls a short distance, its acceleration is (neglect air resistance)
A)greater than at the top of its path.
B)less than at the top of its path.
C)the same as at the top of its path.
Q4) Newton hypothesized that the forces acting on planets was
A)along their directions of travel.
B)perpendicular to their directions of travel.
C)toward the Sun.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 11: Atomic Nature of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The chance that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your previous breath will be inhaled in your next breath is
A)very low.
B)very high.
C)zero.
Q2) How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it?
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)none of the above
Q3) Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in A)nitrogen.
B)carbon.
C)helium.
D)neon.
E)positively charged oxygen.
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Chapter 12: Solids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stone slabs are stronger under A)tension.
B)compression.
C)both of these
D)none of these
Q2) If the mass of an object were doubled while its volume remained the same, its density would A)be half.
B)double.
C)stay the same.
D)be four times as great.
Q3) A 1-centimeter cubed sugar cube scaled up by a factor of 10 has a total surface area of
A)60 cm<sup>2</sup>.
B)600 cm<sup>2</sup>.
C)6000 cm<sup>2</sup>.
D)none of the above
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14
Chapter 13: Liquids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pascal's principle applies to A)liquids.
B)gases.
C)both of these
D)none of these
Q2) A scale from which a rock is suspended reads 5 N when the rock is out of water and 3 N when the rock is submerged. The density of the rock is A)the density of water.
B)1.5 times the density of water.
C)2.5 times the density of water.
D)3.5 times the density of water.
E)none of the above
Q3) Buoyant force is greater on a submerged
A)1-kg block of lead.
B)1-kg block of aluminum.
C)is the same on each
Q4) The concept of pressure involves both A)force and volume.
B)force and area.
C)area and volume.
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Chapter 14: Gases and Plasmas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with air pressure on the outside, air pressure inside an inflated stretched balloon is
A)less.
B)equal.
C)greater.
D)need more information
Q2) When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is
A)pulled to the wall by the vacuum.
B)pushed to the wall by the atmosphere.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Most of the matter in our galaxy is in the A)solid phase.
B)liquid phase.
C)gaseous phase.
D)plasma phase.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 15: Temperature, Heat, and Expansion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of thermal expansion it is important that A)a key and its lock are made of similar or the same material.
B)the fillings in your teeth expand at the same rate as teeth.
C)iron rods and concrete in which they're embedded expand equally.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) In most cases, which expands more for comparable changes in temperature? A)solids.
B)liquids.
C)gases.
D)all expand about equally.
Q3) Ice crystals in nearly frozen liquid water make up a A)microscopic slush.
B)region of lower density.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) Consider some water at 6°C. For a slight increase its temperature the water will A)expand.
B)contract.
C)remain the same.
17
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Chapter 16: Heat Transfer
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Sample Questions
Q1) If no molecular collisions occurred in a sample of gas, temperature of the gas would A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)be unaffected.
Q2) If air were a better conductor, at nighttime Earth would be A)considerably colder.
B)considerably warmer.
C)not appreciably different in temperature.
Q3) Solar power is the rate at which
A)the Sun emits energy.
B)solar energy is received from the Sun.
C)the atmosphere absorbs energy.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q4) A liter of cold water will warm faster in sunlight in a A)black pot.
B)silver pot.
C)red pot.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 17: Change of Phase
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Sample Questions
Q1) The minimum amount of steam at 100°C needed to melt 1 gram of 0°C ice is
A)0.125 gram.
B)0.148 gram.
C)6.75 grams.
D)8 grams.
E)none of the above
Q2) On a muggy day, water molecules in the air that strike our bodies
A)transfer some of their kinetic energy to us.
B)gain kinetic energy as they change phase.
C)form an insulating layer on our bodies.
Q3) When you walk barefoot on red-hot wooden coals it is best if
A)no pieces of metal are among the coals.
B)you walk slowly to demonstrate your courage.
C)you impress your friends by carrying away bits of wood between your toes.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q4) Evaporation is a cooling process and condensation is
A)a warming process.
B)a cooling process also.
C)neither of these
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Thermodynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these units of temperature is larger?
A)a Celsius degree
B)a Kelvin
C)both are the same size
D)none of the above
Q2) Internal energy in thermodynamics is the same as A)temperature.
B)thermal energy.
C)heat.
D)all of the above
Q3) The amount of energy converted to light by an incandescent light bulb is about
A)10% and the amount converted to heat about 90%
B)90% and the amount converted to heat about 10%.
C)either of these depending on the brand.
Q4) A quantity of water has more entropy when it is A)frozen ice.
B)boiling.
C)at room temperature.
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Chapter 19: Vibrations and Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some of a wave's energy dissipates as heat. In time, this will reduce the wave's A)speed.
B)wavelength.
C)amplitude.
D)frequency. E)period.
Q2) The compressions and rarefactions in a longitudinal wave travel in A)the same direction. B)opposite directions. C)a vacuum.
Q3) A wave oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second. If the wave travels an average distance of 6 meters in one second, its wavelength is
A)0.5 m.
B)1 m.
C)2 m.
D)3 m.
E)6 m.
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21
Chapter 20: Sound
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Sample Questions
Q1) An explosion occurs 34 km away. The time it takes for its sound to reach your ears, traveling at 340 m/s, is
A)0.1 s.
B)1 s.
C)10 s.
D)20 s.
E)more than 20 s.
Q2) Interference is a property of A)water waves.
B)sound waves.
C)light waves.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) The source of every sound is something that is A)vibrating.
B)moving.
C)accelerating.
D)undergoing simple harmonic motion.
E)a net emitter of energy.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Musical Sounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pitch of a musical sound is most related to A)wavelength.
B)frequency.
C)speed.
D)amplitude.
E)all of the above
Q2) As we become older, the frequency range of human hearing A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)remains relatively constant.
Q3) Compared to a sound of 30 decibels, the intensity of a sound of 60 decibels is A)twice as intense.
B)10 times as much.
C)100 times as much.
D)1000 times as much.
E)10,000 times as much.
Q4) As we grow older, the greatest hearing difficulty is with frequencies that are A)low.
B)mid-range. C)high.
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Chapter 22: Electrostatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The operation of a microwave oven makes use of
A)the polar nature of water molecules.
B)flip flopping of polarized molecules.
C)an oscillating electric field.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) To say that electric charge is conserved means that no case has ever been found where
A)the total charge on an object has changed.
B)quantity of negative charge on an object exactly balances positive charge.
C)the total quantity of charge on an object has increased.
D)net charge has been created or destroyed.
E)none of the above
Q3) The direction of an electric field is the direction of the force exerted on A)a neutral test charge.
B)an electron.
C)an atom.
D)a proton.
E)a molecule.
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Electric Current
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you turn on a lamp, the initial current in its filament is greater at first, rather than a moment later, which indicates
A)something is faulty.
B)a time delay for current attaining its average speed.
C)increased temperature means increased resistance.
D)nothing of interest
Q2) A heater draws 20A when connected to a 110-V line. If the electric power costs 20 cents per kilowatt hour, the cost of running the heater for 10 hours is
A)$0.44.
B)$1.10.
C)$4.40.
D)$11.00.
E)none of the above
Q3) Just as in hydraulic circuits there is water pressure, in electric circuits there is A)current.
B)voltage.
C)resistance.
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Chapter 24: Magnetism
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Q1) The shape of a magnetic field surrounding a current-carrying conductor is
A)consistent with the inverse-square law.
B)radial.
C)circular.
D)all of these
E)neither of these
Q2) A beam of electrons can pass through a magnetic field without being deflected if the direction of the beam is
A)parallel to the field lines.
B)perpendicular to the field lines.
C)none of these
Q3) The direction of the force exerted on a moving charge in a magnetic field is
A)in the direction of the motion.
B)opposite its motion.
C)at right angles to the direction of the motion.
Q4) Whereas electric charges can be isolated, magnetic poles
A)can also.
B)cannot.
C)gather in clusters.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Induction
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Q1) Electromagnetic induction occurs in a coil when there is a change in
A)electric field intensity in the coil.
B)magnetic field intensity in the coil.
C)electromagnetic polarity.
D)none of the above
Q2) Rapid change of a magnetic field induces
A)a magnetic field of greater magnitude.
B)a magnetic field of the same magnitude.
C)an electric field.
Q3) To reduce the danger of self-induction
A)simply pull the circuit plug.
B)turn off the switch to the circuit.
C)either of these
D)neither of these
Q4) Electromagnetic induction is employed in
A)electric power lines.
B)triggering traffic lights.
C)hybrid automobiles.
D)mobile phones.
E)all the above
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Chapter 26: Properties of Light
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend says that any radio wave travels appreciably faster than any sound wave.
A)agree with your friend unconditionally
B)agree with your friend for most common cases
C)disagree with your friend
D)find a new friend
Q2) The sensation of color is seen when light falls on the eye's A)rods.
B)cones.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Glass is transparent to A)infrared light.
B)visible light.
C)ultraviolet light.
D)all of the above
Q4) Compared to radio waves, the velocity of visible light waves in a vacuum is A)less.
B)more.
C)the same.
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Chapter 27: Color
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Q1) If three primary colors of light shine on a white wall and produce a white spot, the primaries must be
A)additive.
B)subtractive.
C)multiplicative.
D)divisive.
Q2) Stare at a red wall for a few minutes and then gaze at a white wall. Due to retina fatigue you see A)more red.
B)cyan.
C)black.
Q3) If sunlight were green instead of white, the most comfortable color to wear on a cold day would be A)magenta.
B)yellow.
C)green. D)blue. E)violet.
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Chapter 28: Reflection and Refraction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Atmospheric refraction makes the daylight hours a bit A)longer.
B)shorter.
C)longer in summer but shorter in winter.
Q2) The type of lens that brings parallel light rays together is a A)converging lens.
B)diverging lens.
C)combination of converging-diverging lens.
Q3) When the tiny hole in a pinhole camera is made larger, the image is
A)brighter but less clear.
B)clearer.
C)right-side up.
D)none of the above
Q4) Object and image for a plane mirror occur
A)along the same plane.
B)equal distances from the mirror.
C)at right angles to each other.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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Chapter 29: Light Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) The device that spreads light into its component colors in a spectroscope is a A)prism.
B)diffraction grating.
C)either of these
D)neither of these
Q2) Secondary wavelets spread from a wave with A)reduced speed.
B)an unchanging speed.
C)an increased speed.
D)none of the above
Q3) The function of polarizing filters in viewing 3-D slides or movies is to provide each eye
A)the ability to see parallax.
B)a balanced intensity.
C)an independent left or right-eye view.
D)a stereoscopic view.
E)with light polarized at right angles to each other.
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Chapter 30: Light Emission
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Q1) The lamp most similar to the common fluorescent lamp is the A)LED.
B)CFL.
C)incandescent lamp.
D)none of the above
Q2) If light in a spectroscope passed through round holes instead of slits, spectral lines would appear
A)as thicker lines.
B)round.
C)dimmer.
Q3) Iron absorption lines that occur in the solar spectrum indicate that iron exists in the solar
A)atmosphere.
B)surface.
C)interior.
D)none of the above
Q4) The radiation curve for a red hot fire-place poker peaks in the A)infrared region.
B)green region.
C)ultraviolet region.
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Chapter 31: Light Quanta
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Q1) A photosensitive surface is illuminated with both blue and violet light. The light that causes the greater number of ejected electrons is A)blue light.
B)violet light.
C)both eject equal numbers.
D)need more information
Q2) The uncertainty principle tells us that the more information one has about the energy of an electron, the less certain one is about A)its position.
B)the time it has that energy.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) A bullet and a proton have the same momentum. Which has the longer wavelength? A)the bullet
B)the proton
C)both the same
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Chapter 32: The Atom and the Quantum
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Q1) When an electron drops from a higher energy level to a lower one, energy is emitted. In comparison, how much energy is required to reverse the process, going from the lower level to the higher level?
A)less energy
B)the same energy
C)more energy
Q2) The spectral lines of atomic spectra are
A)images of the slit in a spectroscope.
B)orderly, and even predictable.
C)as an identity of atoms as fingerprints are of people.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) Alpha particles are normally repelled by atomic nuclei because
A)their closeness with atomic nuclei violates quantum rules.
B)of oppositely-directed forces.
C)they both have the same sign of electric charge.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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Chapter 33: Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity
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Q1) When the nucleus of an atom emits a beta particle, the atom's atomic number A)decreases.
B)remains unchanged.
C)increases.
Q2) In a smoke detector americium (A = 95)transmutes to neptunium (A = 93)by A)beta emission.
B)alpha emission.
C)gamma emission.
D)none of the above
Q3) Free protons and neutrons are spewed throughout the atmosphere by A)nitrogen decay.
B)carbon decay.
C)the bombardment of cosmic rays upon atoms.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q4) The high temperature of Earth's interior is mainly due to A)great internal pressure.
B)friction, as plates move past one another.
C)the Earth's natural heat.
D)radioactive processes.
35
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Chapter 34: Nuclear Fission and Fusion
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Q1) A nuclear power plant is very similar to A)nuclear bombs, but with more control.
B)any conventional power plant, but with uranium as fuel.
C)a photovoltaic solar cell power plant.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) Electrical forces inside a nucleus contribute to nuclear A)stability.
B)instability.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q3) Fissioning a lead nucleus would yield a net A)absorption of energy. B)release of energy.
C)neither of these
Q4) In gaseous form at the same temperature, the average speed of U-238 compared to the speed of U-235 is A)less.
B)more.
C)the same.
Page 36
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Chapter 35: Special Theory of Relativity
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Q1) To outside observers at rest, the overall sizes of objects traveling at relativistic speeds are
A)larger.
B)smaller.
C)the same size.
Q2) The place from which motion is observed and measured is called A)a frame of reference.
B)a starting point.
C)an initial location.
Q3) Clocks on a spaceship moving at high speed relative to the Earth run more slowly when viewed from A)within the spaceship.
B)Earth.
C)both of these
D)neither of these
Q4) According to Einstein, events that are simultaneous in one frame of reference
A)are simultaneous in all frames of reference.
B)are not simultaneous in other frames of reference.
C)may or may not be simultaneous in other frames of reference.
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Chapter 36: General Theory of Relativity
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Q1) The measured ratio of circumference to diameter on a disk is when the disk is
A)moving at relativistic speeds.
B)rapidly rotating.
C)at rest.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) You shine a beam of monochromatic light from Earth to an astronaut friend in orbit. The light your friend receives, relative to light from an equivalent source on the spaceship, is slightly
A)lower in frequency.
B)higher in frequency.
C)weaker but no different in frequency.
Q3) In accord with general relativity, a person living at the top of a skyscraper ages
A)faster than a person on the ground floor.
B)slower than a person on the ground floor.
C)at the same rate as a person on any floor.
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Chapter 37: Systems of Measurement
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Q1) A V-shaped bow wave is produced when a boat moves
A)more slowly than the velocity of waves in the water.
B)as fast as the waves in the water.
C)faster than the velocity of waves in the water.
D)at any speed, slower or faster than the water waves.
Which bow wave corresponds to the faster-moving boat?
E)I
F)II
Q2) Which man exerts greater pressure against the floor?
A)a 150-kg man lying on the floor
B)a 150-kg man standing on the floor
C)Both men exert the same pressure.
The reason is that
D)both men have the same weight.
E)the upright man's weight is distributed over a smaller area.
F)the man lying down has his weight equally distributed.
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