Contemporary Issues in Women's Studies
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores current topics and debates within the field of Women's Studies, examining how gender intersects with race, class, sexuality, and other identities in contemporary society. Students will critically analyze issues such as reproductive rights, gender-based violence, media representation, and global feminism, engaging with a variety of perspectives and scholarly works. Through readings, discussions, and research, the course encourages an understanding of the complexities of women's experiences and the ongoing struggles for gender equity in local and global contexts.
Recommended Textbook Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 3rd Edition by Mary Crawford
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14 Chapters
872 Verified Questions
872 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Paving the Way
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although experimentation is the most respected paradigm for psychological research, it may not always be ideal for research on gender because
A) controlling for volunteer bias is particularly difficult in gender-related research.
B) interviews may yield more accurate results.
C) the researcher creates an artificial environment to manipulate participant experiences.
D) people do not always follow directions given by the experimenter.
Answer: C
Q2) Although Western society does not pressure women to undergo genital cutting or require them to veil their faces and bodies in public, in which of the following ways does the Western society restrict women's bodily freedom and integrity?
A) through practices like sexual harassment in public places
B) through practices like pressure to seek the perfect body through dieting
C) through practices like encouraging women to undergo cosmetic surgery
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Gender, Status, and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men are more likely than women to try to take over the conversation using
A) the outgroup homogeneity effect
B) androgyny
C) intrusive interruptions
D) body language
Answer: C
Q2) The term ________ is defined as a negative reaction against women whose behavior violates gender norms.
A) gender typing
B) double bind
C) neosexism
D) backlash
Answer: D
Q3) Which behavior do most people see as the rudest?
A) a man interrupting a man
B) a man interrupting a woman
C) a woman interrupting a man
D) a woman interrupting a woman
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Images of Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify a true statement about body image.
A) The concerns associated with body image begin in adulthood for men.
B) Women are more strongly invested in their physical appearance than men are.
C) Men are more dissatisfied with their bodies than women are.
D) The levels of body dissatisfaction vary significantly for White, Asian American, and Hispanic women.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about the latest version of the ideal woman who is size 4 in the hips, 2 in the waist, and 10 in the bust?
A) It rarely occurs in nature and must be created through surgical intervention.
B) It occurs naturally in only 10 percent of women.
C) It is called the "Barbie Ideal."
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Meanings of Difference
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Sample Questions
Q1) In feminist theory and political movements, the difference tradition stems from
A) radical feminism.
B) liberal feminism.
C) cultural feminism.
D) socialist feminism.
Q2) Identify a true statement about meta-analysis.
A) It allows conclusions about the causes of gender differences.
B) It eliminates the possibility of an overlooked source of bias common to previous studies.
C) It allows researchers to estimate the size of a gender-related difference.
D) It wholly compensates for the biases in original studies and ensures objective interpretation.
Q3) In the context of math performance, which of the following best illustrates stereotype threat?
A) Women stereotype their own math abilities.
B) The fear of confirming the stereotype that women are bad at math may negatively impact women's math performance.
C) Boys and men stereotype girls and women more than girls and women do.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q4) Explain why women's "emotionality" is rooted in a sociocultural context.
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Bodies
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Q1) In fetuses, the development of sexual and reproductive anatomy is complete by the ________ of the mother's pregnancy.
A) second to fourth week
B) sixth to eighth week
C) ninth to tenth week
D) twelfth to fourteenth week
Q2) Discuss the phrase "sex is a social construction." Provide examples of how children are exposed to this from birth.
Q3) Do you believe that intersex infants should have surgery to make their genitalia "unambiguous"? Provide a well-supported argument for your response, taking into account the difficulties that face children on either side of the issue.
Q4) Individuals whose genetic composition was XY but their bodies did not prompt the development of male reproductive structures during fetal differentiation are said to have A) a gender identity disorder.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
D) Klinefelter's syndrome.
Q5) Define "core gender identity" and describe how it develops.
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Chapter 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) Describe the ways in which children themselves maintain boundaries and uphold segregation between the sexes.
Q2) Cite evidence indicating that boys are "the preferred sex." How does this preference affect children?
Q3) According to social learning theory, people learn their characteristic behavior patterns mainly through the process of A) habituation.
B) reinforcement.
C) teleology.
D) entropy.
Q4) Which of the following tendencies is a gender difference in play for children?
A) Boys play violent video games and girls play with Barbie dolls.
B) Children avoid "opposite-gender" toys during preschool and elementary years.
C) Children express strong preferences for gender-typed toys.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q5) If you decide to raise your child to be gender-aschematic, describe how you would go about it.
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Q6) Describe the phenomenon of self-silencing that occurs in girls during adolescence. Contrast this phenomenon with relational authenticity.
Chapter 7: Sex, Love, and Romance
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Q1) Which of the following is the most common way for a woman to contract HIV in the United States?
A) by using intravenous drugs
B) through unprotected sex with a woman
C) through unprotected sex with a man
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q2) In a study in which college students were asked to write descriptions of their orgasms, ________.
A) the students determined that women's orgasms had more emotional imagery than men's orgasms
B) judges concluded that men's orgasms had more power imagery than women's orgasms
C) the students included more details from women's than men's experiences
D) judges were unable to reliably distinguish women's and men's descriptions
Q3) Amnesty International has investigated female genital mutilation as A) a human rights issue.
B) a safe medical practice.
C) a valid cultural practice.
D) illegal.
Q4) Describe the pros and cons of sex education for girls and women.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Commitments: Women and Close Relationships
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Q1) Which of the following is a characteristic of egalitarian marriages?
A) equivalent power and authority between husband and wife
B) "separate but equal" work around the house (tasks divided along gender roles)
C) putting the children ahead of the marriage relationship
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) In recent studies of power in dual-career marriages, ________.
A) over 70 percent of wives say when there's a really important decision on which the spouses disagree, both have equal power
B) about 35 percent of wives say when there's an important decision on which the spouses disagree, the wife has the final say
C) there is a consistent pattern of inequality of power in favor of husbands
D) male dominance is endorsed as much as it is in traditional marriages
Q3) What social and economic factors account for the current trend of marrying later in the United States and Western Europe?
Q4) What are the factors responsible for women losing out financially with divorce?
Q5) The text describes various types of marriages. Describe each of them, their structures, and the roles each partner plays in the different types of marriages.
Q6) Why do some people choose to cohabit?
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Chapter 9: Mothering
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sherrilyn and Pat plan to use the Lamaze technique during birthing. During practice, Sherrilyn will be taught how to relax so that while giving birth she
A) can conserve energy.
B) will not use drugs for pain.
C) can reduce contractions.
D) will not use drugs for pain and can reduce contractions.
Q2) Which of the following is an argument against a strictly biological explanation of postnatal mood disorders?
A) There is little relationship between hormone levels and mood.
B) Postnatal hormone changes are minimal.
C) Hormones do not give rise to bodily sensations.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q3) Caesarean births in the United States
A) are associated with lower infant mortality.
B) have risen from about 4 percent to nearly 33 percent, possibly because of profitability to physicians.
C) are down from about half the births to about 15 percent of the births.
D) have remained steady at about half of U.S. births.
Q4) What is meant by the term "reproductive freedom"?
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Chapter 10: Work and Achievement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of a token woman?
A) She is unlikely to be seen as a representative of her whole sex.
B) She tends to be stereotyped and isolated.
C) She is likely to be seen as the interest of the group as a whole rather than women's issues.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) The statement "I am just a housewife" illustrates that
A) working at home is not as difficult as working outside the home.
B) women who are full-time homemakers have given up career plans.
C) much of the work women do is often not formally defined as work.
D) working in the home is not as difficult as working outside the home, and much of the work women do is often not formally defined as work.
Q3) Ashley is a token woman in her law firm. Her performance has been more impressive than many of her coworkers' performances. It is likely that
A) her token status will diminish as her coworkers recognize her competence.
B) she will be perceived as "a workaholic" or "too aggressive."
C) she will be perceived as too demure.
D) she will be honored and celebrated.
Q4) Describe some of the added strains on women of color in the workplace.
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Chapter 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern researchers believe that hot flashes are caused by a(n)
A) increase in estrogen and a decrease in progesterone.
B) reduction in progesterone.
C) increase in progesterone and a decrease in estrogen.
D) decline in estrogen production.
Q2) Which of the following is most likely true of "women in the middle"?
A) They are the middle generation in their families.
B) They are most often in their older years.
C) They are in the middle of two high-paying jobs.
D) They get high Social Security and retirement benefits when they get old.
Q3) Given its psychological and economic costs, why do women continue to do care work, even into their old age?
Q4) Physicians sometimes misdiagnose serious problems like hypertension and heart disease as
A) depression.
B) menopausal symptoms.
C) hypochondria.
D) high blood pressure.
Q5) What evidence is there that aging is regarded more negatively by society for women than for men?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Violence Against Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the growing resources available to women in abusive relationships as well as the barriers that women face when they want to leave abusive relationships.
Q2) Studies show most women in abusive relationships
A) make a "clean break" when they leave.
B) are never able to leave.
C) are able to leave only if the safety of their children is involved. D) do manage to leave them, but usually after returning to the abuser several times.
Q3) Describe the cycle of violence in battering relationships and how the cycle keeps women in abusive relationships.
Q4) Some women become so disempowered by abuse that they feel trapped, worthless, depressed, and even develop a kind of post-traumatic stress disorder called A) cyclical disorder.
B) patriarchal trauma.
C) battered women's syndrome.
D) cyclic redundancy.
Q5) What is stalking? Discuss the features of cyberstalking.
Q6) Differentiate between common couples violence and patriarchal terrorism.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens
Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has historically been true of androcentric cultures?
A) Women have been labeled unreasonable.
B) Women have been labeled crazy.
C) Women have been blamed for men's mental disorders.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Why are women diagnosed more often than men with depression? Include in your discussion the importance of biological, social, and cultural contributors.
Q3) Which of the following is true of moodiness and fear?
A) They are more characteristically stereotyped as working class rather than middle class.
B) They are more characteristically stereotyped as female rather than male.
C) They are more characteristically stereotyped as Black rather than White.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Until 1973, ________ was included in the DSM as a mental illness.
A) self-defeating personality disorder
B) menstruation
C) hysteria
D) homosexuality
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Q5) Why is psychological diagnosis so much more problematic than physical diagnosis?
Chapter 14: Making a Difference: Toward a Better Future for Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robnett and Anderson (2016) conducted a study to determine whether African-American, Asian-American, and Latina women were likely to identify as feminists. They surveyed 1,140 students at an urban university and asked them for their definitions of feminism and their reasons for identifying (or not) as feminists. Describe the study and its results.
Q2) Attempts to put women, and particularly feminists, in their "place" is referred to as A) the "Jekyll and Hyde" approach.
B) quarreling.
C) the war among women.
D) backlash.
Q3) In a review of research on the relationship between feminist attitudes and psychological well-being, psychologist Kristin Anderson (2015) found that in virtually all the areas that were measured, feminist attitudes and feminist identity are linked with positive effects on women. Briefly discuss the findings of the research study.
Q4) Describe the backlash against feminism over the last century. How is that backlash alive today?
Q5) In the context of the changing face of psychology, discuss the statement "Progress is uneven."
Page 16
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