Contemporary Issues in Psychology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Contemporary Issues in Psychology explores current topics, debates, and challenges within the field of psychology. The course covers a broad range of subjects, including mental health stigma, the impact of technology and social media, cultural and global perspectives on psychological well-being, advances in neuropsychology, and ethical concerns in research and practice. Students will critically analyze emerging trends and apply psychological theories to understand how these issues affect individuals and society. Through discussions, case studies, and research, learners develop the ability to evaluate contemporary psychological phenomena, understand their complexities, and consider their implications for future practice and policy.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 2nd Edition by Laura A. King
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2124 Verified Questions
2124 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Science of Psychology
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Q1) Wilhelm Wundt is to ________, as William James is to ________.
A) structuralism; behaviorism
B) behaviorism; functionalism
C) functionalism; behaviorism
D) structuralism; functionalism
Answer: D
Q2) Dexter is a forensic psychologist. Part of his job is to examine the brains of people who are deceased.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits?
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) Locke
D) Darwin
Answer: D
Q4) List and describe the fundamental goals of psychological research.
Answer: Address the three mains goals of describing, explaining, and predicting behavior.
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Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "third variable problem" refers to a
A) study in which an independent variable was not manipulated.
B) study where the results revealed a zero correlation.
C) situation where a variable that was not measured actually accounts for the relationship.
D) situation where the proper dependent variable was not measured.
Answer: C
Q2) In a formal experiment, which group is the experimental group?
A) group that is subjected to manipulation of the independent variable
B) randomly assigned group
C) group that is not subjected to manipulation of the independent variable
D) group that is representative of the general population
Answer: A
Q3) For which of the following would a survey be LEAST useful?
A) determining students' attitudes towards their new class president
B) determining subjects' opinions about a new amendment
C) determining subjects' level of honesty
D) determining students' feelings about homework
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kenny is taking medication to help control some of the symptoms that he experiences from Parkinson disease. If he is given too much of the medication, Kenny might start to exhibit symptoms associated with A) depression.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) generalized anxiety.
D) schizophrenia.
Answer: D
Q2) If a person's cerebellum were damaged in an accident, you would expect the person to have a problem with A) breathing and heart rate.
B) seeing and hearing.
C) talking and understanding.
D) balance and muscle coordination.
Answer: D
Q3) A genotype can change over the course of a lifespan. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) When reading a book, it does not matter whether you are inside or outside because the black ink of the words on the white pages looks the same. This demonstrates an artist's ability to capitalize on
A) retinal disparity.
B) linear perspective.
C) color constancy.
D) visual illusion.
Q2) The main purpose of the vestibular sense is to determine the position of our head in three-dimensional space.
A)True
B)False
Q3) You are with friends at a sports bar and take a bite of the extra-hot chicken wings they just ordered. Your initial bite sets your mouth on fire, but after a couple of wings they do not seem nearly as hot. What perceptual process best explains this phenomenon?
A) absolute threshold
B) difference threshold
C) Weber's Law
D) sensory adaptation
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Chapter 5: States of Conciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best characterizes a night of sleep?
A) We begin the night in light sleep and end in deep sleep.
B) We pass from light sleep to dream sleep to deep sleep.
C) Our depth of sleep alternates up and down many times.
D) We alternate from the waking state to dream sleep about six times.
Q2) The teacher has called on Sarah four times, yet she has not responded or acknowledged the teacher in anyway. She has a slight smile on her face. What is Sarah demonstrating?
A) awareness
B) daydreaming
C) selective abstraction
D) unconsciousness
Q3) Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by
A) sleepwalking and sleep-talking.
B) an anxious, panicky feeling.
C) irresistible urges to fall asleep.
D) excessively long periods of sleep.
Q4) Discuss the effects of sleep deprivation.
Q5) What warnings would you give your friends about using illegal stimulants when cramming for exams?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) A CS should be a reliable predictor of the UCS.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Wendell always gets anxious prior to taking a math test. In science, his class has just started a section on physics which happens to include many formulas and numbers. When the teacher announces a quiz in science, Wendell begins to feel anxious. What is Wendell demonstrating?
A) contiguity
B) generalization
C) discrimination
D) instinctual fear
Q3) Tolman demonstrated that rats can learn to run a maze correctly even though they were never reinforced for successfully running through it. This demonstrated the phenomenon of
A) latent learning.
B) vicarious reinforcement.
C) insight learning.
D) trial and error learning.
Q4) Provide one example of vicarious reinforcement and one example of vicarious punishment.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In college, I smelled Lysol brand cleaner in a building and immediately had a vivid, happy memory from my early childhood (age 3-5 in this case) of coming home to a bright, sunny kitchen where my grandmother was cleaning. What does your text say about the sense of smell relative to memory? How is smell different from the other senses and what do these differences mean?
Q2) Quesha is helping her roommate study for a psychology exam. She explains the importance of deeply processing the information. By this, Quesha is referring to a model of memory encoding developed by
A) Atkinson and Shiffrin.
B) Phillips and Craig.
C) Craik and Lockhart.
D) Craig and Dean.
Q3) According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a table of seven, you should pay particular attention to the ________ orders.
A) 1st and 2nd
B) 6th and 7th
C) 3rd, 4 , and 5th
D) 1st, 3rd, and 7th
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although used often, the comparison between the computer and human information processing is oversimplified. Why?
A) Computers are currently unable to perform any tasks better than humans.
B) Computer information is far too complex for such a comparison to be accurate.
C) Computer information is too mathematically based for such a comparison to be accurate.
D) Computer information input is pre-coded and ambiguities are removed before processing.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for how parents should talk to their babies?
A) Initiate conversations with the infant.
B) Talk as if the infant understands what you are saying.
C) Use only words that your infant will be able to understand.
D) Use a language style you feel comfortable with.
Q3) Most hunches are the result of lucky guesses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Positive moods are related to divergent thinking.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend is about to get married. She asks you what you have learned about successful marriages in your psychology course. What do you tell her about Gottman's research findings?
Q2) Infant Stefano cries virtually all the time and has difficulty with new situations. His temperament is best described as
A) unstable.
B) slow-to-warm-up.
C) difficult.
D) detached.
Q3) Babies are born with many reflexes intact.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ability to use abstract concepts is a key component of the ________ stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
A) preoperational
B) formal operations
C) sensorimotor
D) concrete operations
Q5) List and describe the four identity statuses as described in Marcia's theory.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cannon and Washburn measured stomach contractions with a balloon. They found that when subjects reported
A) thirst, their stomach was relaxed.
B) a full stomach, their stomach was relaxed.
C) hunger, their stomach was contracting.
D) thirst, their stomach was empty.
Q2) All of the following are associated with anorexia EXCEPT
A) loss of menstruation.
B) intense fear of gaining weight.
C) binging and purging.
D) distorted body image.
Q3) Which of the following is most closely related to blood sugar control?
A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) insulin
D) fat cells
Q4) CCK helps start the digestion of food.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the psychological factors that contribute to obesity.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Watson is interested in the effects that higher than normal amounts of testosterone have on the gender of embryos. Dr. Watson favors the ________ approach.
A) biological
B) cognitive
C) evolutionary
D) social cognitive
Q2) With orgasm comes the release of the neurotransmitter
A) oxytocin.
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) dopamine.
Q3) HIV is an example of an STI.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sex is the way one perceives oneself as being male or female.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define the terms "sex" and "gender" and explain how these two concepts differ.
Q6) Clark has been diagnosed with gender identity disorder. What does this mean?
13
Q7) Describe the physical differences between male and female brains.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maslow would argue that Gus went back to school at age forty because A) he had unresolved childhood issues.
B) he wanted to change his persona.
C) he chose to fully develop his potential.
D) he wanted to prove that he is intellectually capable.
Q2) According to the five-factor model of personality, which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and emotion?
A) Neuroticism is a personality trait and has little affect on emotional experience.
B) Neuroticism is related to feeling more positive mood.
C) Neuroticism is related to feeling more negative mood.
D) Neuroticism is related to extreme emotions, both positive and negative.
Q3) According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the conscious mind that is shared by all humans is called the A) archetype.
B) id.
C) collective unconscious.
D) normative unconscious.
Q4) Describe the differences between a Type A and Type B personality.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eric is normally very calm, but today he yelled at his roommate for not doing his laundry. We might attribute Eric's yelling to ________ causes.
A) internal
B) stable
C) unstable
D) controllable
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a reason why people develop prejudice?
A) competition between groups
B) cultural learning
C) limits on our information-processing abilities
D) in-born tendencies
Q3) Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to health?
A) Smoking is the most important variable in predicting health.
B) Loneliness can lead to early death.
C) Widows live longer than married women.
D) Less diverse social networks are advantageous in later life.
Q4) Define and give an example of Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. What can be done to resolve the state of dissonance?
Q5) Discuss the relationship between gender and altruism.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is organizational culture and what are the elements of a positive organizational culture?
Q2) When asked why he works where he does, Carl says, "This is my first step in this company. This is a good place to work, and there are lots of chances to get promoted here. I want to work my way up in this field." Carl sees his occupation as a A) job.
B) career.
C) calling.
D) craft.
Q3) Which of these is NOT an essential element of a job analysis?
A) follows a systematic procedure
B) states the current demand for the particular job
C) breaks the job down into small units
D) leads to an employee manual that characterizes the job
Q4) Donald Clifton's strengths-based management approach stresses
A) challenging employees in novel situations.
B) maximizing and building on employees' existing strengths.
C) treating all employees as if they have the same potential to achieve.
D) matching the strengths of managers to those of employees.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) If your roommate acts in a way that is unusual (i.e., deviant) and it interferes with her schoolwork (i.e., dysfunctional), what would you need to know before deciding whether the behavior is abnormal?
A) her attitudes about school
B) her current stressors
C) whether or not she finds the behavior distressing
D) nothing more - you have enough information to label her behavior as abnormal
Q2) The prevalence of major depressive disorder among adolescents ranges from ________ percent.
A) 10 to 20
B) 40 to 60
C) 4.5 to 7.5
D) 1.5 to 2.5
Q3) According to the DSM-IV, which of the following is an Axis II disorder?
A) dissociative disorder
B) sexual dysfunction
C) gender identity disorder
D) intellectual disability
Q4) What are the major criticisms associated with the DSM-IV?
Q5) Describe the biological approach to psychological disorders.
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cognitive-behavioral therapists place an emphasis on reducing self-defeating thoughts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Freud believed that the meaning of dream symbols was universal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The therapist is constantly looking for the hidden meanings behind Holly's statements. In terms of psychoanalysis, what is the therapist trying to do?
A) use free association
B) provide transference
C) provide an interpretation
D) reduce Holly's resistance
Q4) Transference is useful in the therapeutic situation because it
A) provides an opportunity to re-create difficult relationships.
B) redirects anxiety.
C) stimulates the release of powerful emotion.
D) stimulates resistance.
Q5) Describe the benefits and drawbacks associated with electroconvulsive therapy.
Q6) Describe the technique of free association.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have found that the most effective component of weight-loss programs is
A) regular exercise.
B) reduced fat intake.
C) reduced calorie intake.
D) regular sleep.
Q2) The theory of planned behavior considers a person's perception of control over the outcome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ryan is sad because his girlfriend just broke up with him. Ryan's father assures him that he has lots of desirable traits and that he will be okay. Ryan's father is primarily providing what kind of social support?
A) tangible assistance
B) information
C) emotional support
D) All of these.
Q4) Measures of BMI are most accurate in athletic individuals.
A)True
B)False
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