Contemporary Issues in Psychology Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Contemporary Issues in Psychology explores current trends, debates, and challenges within the field of psychology, focusing on how modern societal, technological, and cultural developments influence psychological theories, research, and practice. The course examines topics such as mental health in the digital age, multiculturalism, gender and identity, ethical dilemmas, emerging therapies, and the impact of neuroscience and artificial intelligence on psychological assessment and treatment. Students critically evaluate empirical evidence and engage in discussions about the practical implications of contemporary issues for individuals, communities, and the broader realm of psychological science.
Recommended Textbook
What is Psychology Foundations Applications and Integration 4th Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino
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14 Chapters
3093 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) After forming a testable hypothesis, the next step in the scientific method is to ____.
A) conduct a study
B) analyze the data
C) choose a research method
D) develop a theory
Answer: C
Q2) Which specialty area of psychology studies mental processes such as decision making, problem solving, language, and memory?
A) Cognitive psychology
B) Forensic psychology
C) Developmental psychology
D) Educational psychology
Answer: A
Q3) The dependent variable ____.
A) is the variable manipulated by the experimenter
B) is the cause of the outcome
C) needs to be controlled by the experimenter
D) shows the effect of the manipulation
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thalamus is to ____ as the hypothalamus is to ____.
A) sensation; perception
B) sensation; homeostasis
C) pleasure; movement
D) emotion; intellect
Answer: B
Q2) If Clark had no ions in his nervous system, ____.
A) his action potentials would be faster
B) his action potentials would be slower
C) he would not be able to generate any action potentials
D) he would be able to move, but he would not be able to think
Answer: C
Q3) Describe the techniques that scientists use to image or study the brain.
Answer: 11ea13bf_0b3a_41e2_9102_d3711e976acc_TB1290_00
Q4) Recent research has suggested that acetylcholine plays a role in ____.
A) memory and awareness
B) sleep and pain perception
C) sex and eating
D) motivation and weight loss
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Place theory has a difficult time explaining ____.
A) complex tones
B) low pitches
C) high pitches
D) pure tones
Answer: A
Q2) A laboratory study may help you to determine the location of your visual blind spot, but you will not notice it outside of the laboratory because ____.
A) it is in the front of your visual field
B) it is located at the fovea of your eye
C) it only happens in a laboratory setting
D) you have two eyes that see slightly different views of the world
Answer: D
Q3) Prolonged exposure to ____ would be most likely to cause hearing loss?
A) 15 dB sounds
B) 150 dB sounds
C) 10,000 Hz sounds
D) 5,000 Hz sounds
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychoactive drugs typically exert their effects by interfering with ____.
A) neurotransmitters
B) hormones
C) body fats
D) amino acids
Q2) When we first fall asleep, we enter into ____.
A) REM sleep
B) dream sleep
C) non-REM sleep
D) delta sleep
Q3) Psychoactive drugs are substances that ____.
A) influence the brain without affecting behavior
B) influence the brain and thereby affect behavior
C) affect behavior without influencing the brain
D) neither influence the brain nor affect behavior
Q4) Describe a dream, identifying both the manifest content and a possible latent content of the dream.
Q5) Compare and contrast the neodissociation theory and the response set theory of hypnosis.
Page 6
Q6) Describe the sleep cycle from start to finish.
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Chapter 5: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which substance facilitates the movement of glucose from the blood into our cells, where it is metabolized?
A) CCK
B) Leptin
C) Insulin
D) Peptide Y
Q2) Which statement is TRUE regarding the hypothalamus and eating?
A) Damage to a rat's lateral hypothalamus causes the rat to gain weight from then onward.
B) Damage to a rat's lateral hypothalamus appears to shift its set point upward.
C) Damage to a rat's ventromedial hypothalamus appears to shift its set point downward.
D) Damage to a rat's ventromedial hypothalamus appears to shift its set point upward.
Q3) Which hormone is most closely associated with bonding?
A) Oxytocin
B) Dopamine
C) Testosterone
D) Ghrelin
Q4) What are the challenges in identifying "basic" emotions?
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extinction in operant conditioning occurs when the ____.
A) neutral stimulus does not get reinforced
B) conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus
C) behavior is no longer reinforced
D) individual consciously chooses not to engage in the behavior
Q2) In classical conditioning, contiguity is to ____ as contingency is to ____.
A) strength and power; time and sequence
B) consistency and reliability; strength and power
C) time and sequence; consistency and reliability
D) strength and power; consistency and reliability
Q3) B. F. Skinner and Edward Tolman would have disagreed about the importance of ____ in affecting behavior.
A) reinforcement
B) the environment
C) cognition
D) punishment
Q4) Explain the four steps in Bandura's modeling process.
Q5) Describe how Ivan Pavlov unwittingly discovered his model of classical conditioning.
Q6) Explain the difference between habituation and dishabituation.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sigmund Freud's theory of forgetting is called ____.
A) cue-dependent forgetting
B) decay
C) repression
D) interference
Q2) Information in your memory that you store as a generalized knowledge structure about all the groups of people who attend your school is likely organized in the form of ____.
A) scripts
B) stereotype schemas
C) attributions
D) object schemas
Q3) The psychologist most associated with false memories is ____.
A) Rescorla
B) Loftus
C) Milner
D) Tolman
Q4) Describe the capacity and duration of each stage of memory in the three-stages model.
Q5) Describe decay theory of forgetting.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the reliable gender differences in intellectual abilities and explain what you think are the causes of these differences.
Q2) The first step in problem solving is to ____ the problem.
A) represent B) analyze C) identify D) reconceptualize
Q3) Critics of animal language research argue that animals ____. A) acquire only limited "language" for concrete objects
B) do not follow all of the grammatical and syntactical rules of human language C) never move past the single word stage of human language development D) have never been shown to communicate, much less use language
Q4) What is the age group for the WAIS-IV?
A) 2 to 7
B) 6 to 16
C) 16 to 90
D) 21+
Q5) Describe the three hierarchical categories that we use to organize our mental concepts.
Q6) What is IQ and how is it derived?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Baumrind's parenting styles including typical outcomes and factors that influence these styles.
Q2) Which progression represents the correct sequence of the prenatal stages of development?
A) Germinal, fetal, embryonic
B) Germinal, embryonic, fetal
C) Embryonic, germinal, fetal
D) Embryonic, fetal, germinal
Q3) As a baby, Inna was generally in a good mood, approached new people, and had a regular pattern of eating and sleeping. Inna most likely has a(n) ____ temperament.
A) slow-to-warm up
B) difficult
C) easy
D) secure
Q4) An infant would prefer to listen to which stimulus?
A) A Bach symphony
B) An ambulance siren
C) A human voice
D) The hum of a vacuum cleaner
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Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which individual is most likely to help a person who has dropped a bag of groceries?
A) Rosie, who is hurrying to work
B) Foster, who notices that he's the only person around
C) Maryjane, who would have to dart through heavy traffic to help
D) Ashlie, who notices that the person who dropped the groceries appears to be drunk
Q2) The concept of diffusion of responsibility predicts that ____.
A) as the number of bystanders witnessing an emergency increases, the likelihood that any one of the bystanders will help the victim decreases
B) the less competent a person feels, the less likely the person will help out in an emergency
C) the more catastrophic the emergency, the more fear will be experienced in observers, and the less likely anyone will get help
D) the likelihood of helping a victim in an emergency is related to how similar the victim is to yourself
Q3) Describe the difference between foot-in the-door and door-in-the-face, and provide an example of each.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual who is high in introversion might be expected to be ____.
A) excitable
B) lively
C) outgoing
D) controlled
Q2) Hans is a moody, nervous, and irritable person. Eysenck would label Hans as ____.
A) extraverted
B) high in emotional stability
C) high in neuroticism
D) having a difficult temperament
Q3) According to Carl Rogers, if a child experiences unconditional positive regard he or she is less likely to lose contact with the ____ established at birth.
A) organismic valuing process
B) self-confirmation system
C) ego defense mechanism
D) principle of self-preservation
Q4) Describe the major strengths and weaknesses of Freud's view of personality.
Q5) Describe how Karen Horney differed from Freud's original psychoanalytic views.
Q6) How does the organismic valuing process feed into one's self-concept?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Health, Stress, and Coping
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that, when faced with uncontrollable stress, some lower socioeconomic status individuals may develop ____ strategies that lessen their susceptibility to disease.
A) tend and befriend
B) shift and persist
C) fight or flight
D) fix it or forget it
Q2) Martin Seligman created learned helplessness in dogs by ____.
A) raising them in isolated environments
B) not feeding them when they were hungry
C) providing immediate satisfaction of all their needs
D) exposing them to unavoidable electric shocks
Q3) Reinterpreting a perceived insult from a friend as the product of your friend's "bad day" would be an example of ____.
A) problem-focused coping
B) cognitive reappraisal
C) a defense mechanism
D) the fundamental attribution error
Q4) What factors contribute to happiness?
Q5) Describe five adaptive stress management techniques.
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Chapter 13: Mental Health Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe generalized anxiety disorder.
Q2) Serena is depressed at the time when she is applying for a job, and is turned down. It is most likely that she will ____.
A) rely on others for support.
B) believe that the same result will occur the next time she applies for a job
C) forget about the experience immediately
D) respond with an unrealistic optimism the next time she applies for a job.
Q3) Lorena is a person with schizophrenia who remains rigid and motionless for hours on end. Which symptom of schizophrenia is most closely associated with Lorena's behavior?
A) Delusions
B) Blunted affect
C) Hallucinations
D) Catatonic stupor
Q4) An individual who meets the criteria for more than one diagnosis is said to have ____ conditions.
A) co-occurring
B) complex
C) collusive
D) comorbid
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Chapter 14: Mental Health Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how computer technology has influenced psychotherapy.
Q2) The medication Xanax would be most likely prescribed for which of the following?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Bipolar disorder
Q3) Kitchell's son is throwing an absolute fit at the pool. He screams and stamps his feet. Kitchell ignores him, all the other parents ignore him, and so do his friends. Eventually his tantrum stops. Kitchell has used which operant conditioning strategy?
A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Nonreinforcement
D) Shaping
Q4) The most frequently prescribed antidepressants are ____.
A) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
B) anticonvulsants
C) MAO inhibitors
D) tricyclics
Q5) Describe what is known about the effectiveness of psychotherapy in general.
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