Contemporary Issues in Psychology
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores a range of current topics and debates within the field of psychology, delving into issues such as mental health stigma, the impact of technology on psychological well-being, cross-cultural perspectives, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Through the analysis of contemporary research, case studies, and real-world applications, students will critically examine ethical, social, and scientific challenges that shape modern psychological practice. The course encourages students to develop informed opinions and apply psychological theories to understand and address the evolving complexities of human behavior in today's society.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 10th Edition by Douglas Bernstein
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2378 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Keith believes that his behavior reflects his unconscious struggles to satisfy his desires for sex and food and the need to abide by the restrictions of society.His roommate thinks his behavior reflects an excessive amount of hormones.Keith's approach regarding his behavior is ____,and his roommate has a(n)____ approach.
A) biological; biological
B) evolutionary; psychodynamic
C) psychodynamic; biological
D) psychodynamic; evolutionary
Answer: C
Q2) Dr.Vance is attempting to discover where emotional experience is localized in the brain by using brain imaging technology.Dr.Vance works in the subfield of ____ psychology.
A) personality
B) educational
C) forensic
D) biological
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research in Psychology
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Q1) Yasou calls people and asks them a specified list of questions concerning their opinions of how irritating telemarketers can be.What kind of research is Yasou conducting?
A) naturalistic observation
B) case study
C) survey
D) experiment
Answer: C
Q2) ____is the degree to which the data are stable and consistent.
A) Statistical validity
B) Statistical reliability
C) Research variables
D) Inferential statistics
Answer: B
Q3) When research does not support a(n)____,it may need to be ____.
A) hypothesis; rewritten
B) idea, rethought
C) hypothesis; discarded
D) theory; revised
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Biological Aspects of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identifying certain types of brain functions (language skills,for instance)as lateralized means that ____.
A) areas responsible for these functions are located at a uniform depth throughout the cerebral cortex
B) all human beings possess the ability to perform these functions
C) the entire cerebrum is involved in performing these functions
D) they are performed most efficiently by one or the other of the two cerebral hemispheres
Answer: D
Q2) If the myelin sheathing on neurons is absent or removed in a given individual,he or she will exhibit difficulties in speaking,vision,and balance because without myelin,the ____.
A) quantity of neurotransmitters released into synapses will be reduced
B) quantity of neurotransmitters released into synapses will be increased
C) speed of neural conduction along critical paths will be too fast
D) speed of neural conduction along critical paths will be too slow
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) As a vampire runs at Buffy to attack her,Buffy perceives that the vampire is moving closer,not growing larger,even though her retinal image of the vampire is growing larger.This is due to ____.
A) brightness constancy
B) size constancy
C) interposition
D) relative size
Q2) Angie is trying to take notes in her class but finds it difficult because of the loud "I Love Don Ho!" Hawaiian shirt that her TA is wearing.Instead of staring intently at her TA's shirt,she should use ____ orienting to move her eyes from the shirt to the notes on the blackboard.
A) covert
B) overt
C) implicit
D) selective
Q3) Most of the properties that make food taste good are the ____.
A) trace amounts of leptin
B) tactile properties of food
C) odors detected by the olfactory system
D) activities of the taste system
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Chapter 5: Learning
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Q1) Lavonne despises"new age" music.So,when Lavonne refuses to clean her room,her mother makes her stay in her room and plays new age music through the intercom.Her mother tells Lavonne that as soon as she finishes cleaning her room,the music will stop.This is an example of ____.
A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) shaping
Q2) Kelly watched her mother get ready for work; Kelly's mother put on makeup and fixed her hair.Then,Kelly's mother left the room and told Kelly to get ready for school.Kelly began to imitate her mother by smearing makeup on her face and fluffing her hair.This is an example of ____.
A) vicarious conditioning
B) observational learning
C) operant conditioning
D) mock learning
Q3) Set up positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,and punishment programs that a parent could use to teach a ten-year-old child to clean his room.What are the drawbacks of using punishment? What is the most effective way to use punishment?
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Memory
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Q1) Damon has an average memory,and he is trying to keep a seven-digit phone number in his short-term memory.This number is likely to be ____.
A) too long for him to keep in short-term memory
B) forgotten after one second if it is unrehearsed C) encoded acoustically rather than semantically
D) remembered if Damon's levels of acetylcholine are low
Q2) Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends.He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park.Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of ____ memory,whereas his ability to ride the bike shows ____ memory.
A) episodic; semantic
B) semantic; episodic
C) episodic; procedural
D) semantic; procedural
Q3) Recount an experience that involves episodic,semantic,and procedural memories.Be sure to explain how your experience exemplifies all three types of memory.
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Chapter 7: Thought and Language
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Q1) Serdar really gets annoyed with Umit when Umit says "you pig out" to him because he does not know that "pigging out" means "eating a lot." Rather,Serdar thinks that Umit is cursing at him.This miscommunication between Serdar and Umit is a result of the ____.
A) deep structure not being communicated well
B) surface structure not being communicated well
C) incorrect use of morphemes
D) incorrect use of syntax
Q2) Dwight is writing a letter to his friend Jim.He wants his writing to sound impressive,so he uses the thesaurus function on his computer to change some of the words.He changes the sentence "My character on the soap opera was killed" to "My moral fiber on the soap opera was defeated." Dwight has changed ____ of the sentence.
A) only the surface structure
B) only the deep structure
C) both the surface structure and the deep structure
D) neither the surface structure nor the deep structure
Q3) Discuss the two main theories of how children acquire language.Which theory do you believe? Why?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Q1) The R&M test claims to be a test without cultural bias-anyone from any cultural background would be equally advantaged or disadvantaged on the test.The R&M test is a(n)____test.
A) culture-fair
B) individualist culture
C) culture-adapted
D) collectivist culture
Q2) Ebony took the Aptitude to Succeed in College (ASC)test when she was a high school senior and scored very low.She went to college anyway and graduated with an A average.For kicks,she takes the ASC again during her senior year in college.Again,she scores very low on it.Therefore,we can reasonably assume that the ASC has good statistical____but poor statistical____.
A) validity; reliability
B) reliability; validity
C) predictive ability; validity
D) validity; predictive ability
Q3) What would a researcher have to do to ensure that a new intelligence test is developed properly? What further considerations would have to be made in the development of a culture-fair test?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychoactive drugs achieve their effects in all of the following ways except ____.
A) mutating neurotransmitter receptors
B) blocking neurotransmitter receptors
C) altering the release of neurotransmitters
D) mimicking neurotransmitters
Q2) A picture of a Coke bottle is flashed on a computer monitor,but too briefly for a viewer to notice.According to the concept of priming,which result is most likely?
A) There will be no effect because the viewer is unaware of the event.
B) The viewer will recognize related words (e.g., diet, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper) more quickly than unrelated words (e.g., computer, pencil) on a test a few seconds later.
C) There will be faster recognition of related words if the viewer is in an altered state of consciousness.
D) With repeated exposure, the viewer will become a Coke drinker.
Q3) Hilgard noted that people undergo certain changes when they are hypnotized.List and describe four of these changes.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Q1) Blind infants tend to show the same facial expressions as do sighted infants,but as blind infants grow older,their expressions become less animated.This indicates that facial expressions ____.
A) are innate
B) are learned
C) may be innate but are maintained by operant shaping
D) are the result of imitation
Q2) Ashley has the most common eating disorder in the United States.She is a picky eater and often cannot accurately assess how much she has eaten.What is Ashley's most likely diagnosis?
A) anorexia nervosa
B) obesity
C) bulimia
D) pica
Q3) Which behaviorbest illustratesthe maintenance of homeostasis?
A) starting to salivate when you smell freshly baked cookies
B) depositing a check in your newly opened checking account
C) shivering to generate body heat when you are cold
D) dimming the lights before a romantic encounter
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Human Development
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Q1) Psychologists who study children's cognitive development in a range of environments have found that ____.
A) the cognitive skills of disadvantaged children can be improved by providing the children with extra lessons, stimulating materials, and educational contact with sensitive adults
B) preschool programs have robust and enduring effects
C) the environment does not influence cognitive development beyond the first two years of life
D) once intellectual development has been impaired, there is no hope of reversing the damage
Q2) Unlike John Locke,French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that children were able to discover how the world operates and how they should behave ____ from adults.
A) with instruction
B) with instruction but no supervision
C) with instruction and close supervision
D) without instruction
Q3) Describe the newborn's sensory and motor abilities.
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Chapter 12: Health, stress, and Coping
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Q1) A student who handles the stress of a part-time job and a full-time course load in law school by scheduling time carefully is using a ____ stress-coping method.
A) physiological
B) psychological
C) behavioral
D) cognitive
Q2) To help her deal with the stress of hunting vampires every night,Buffy begins to exercise more regularly,and she learns meditation and progressive muscle relaxation techniques.According to your text,Buffy is relying on ____ methods of coping with her stressful life as a vampire slayer.
A) cognitive
B) emotional
C) problem-focused
D) physical
Q3) Which factor is least associated with suppressed immune system functioning?
A) the death of a spouse
B) depression
C) a lack of perceived control
D) an increase in natural killer cells
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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Q1) Paulo lives in a culture that values social approval and harmonious relations with others.He strives to do his best but remains modest about his personal success.In Paulo's culture,satisfaction and a sense of well-being are most likely associated with ____.
A) a behavioral approach system
B) possessing positive attributes
C) a flight or freeze system
D) possessing no negative attributes
Q2) Reginald works at a local counseling center and one of his clients,Sara,is seeking help because she has never been able to maintain a long-term,satisfying romantic relationship.Reginald believes Sara's problem stems from an insecure attachment to her mother.Reginald is taking a contemporary psychodynamic approach to personality known as ____.
A) the collective unconscious
B) reciprocal determinism
C) object relations
D) striving for superiority
Q3) Describe the three basic assumptions of the trait approach to personality,and explain the difference between a type and a trait.
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Research on dissociative disorders have offered all of the following conclusions except that ____.
A) people who suffer from these disorders appear to be skilled at self-hypnosis
B) dissociations allow people to escape the trauma of abuse
C) memory loss and other dissociations tend to not be genuine
D) people displaying dissociative identity disorder have experienced traumas they would rather forget
Q2) For the last two months Thomas has been worried that something bad is going to happen.He can't pinpoint the source of this feeling,but he is jumpy,irritable,can't sleep,and can't concentrate.His symptoms suggest that he may be suffering from ____ disorder.
A) dissociative
B) panic
C) generalized anxiety
D) conversion
Q3) Psychopathology is a social matter because ____.
A) mental illnesses can always be treated
B) everyone in society is affected by those with mental disorders
C) society must protect and isolate itself from those with mental illness
D) mental illnesses are caused by other people
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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Research on psychotherapy's effectiveness suggests that ____.
A) behavioral therapy is by far the most effective for most people
B) some therapies might be better for some individuals than others, but the best way to match therapies to patients isn't known
C) all forms of therapy are equally effective for everyone
D) no form of psychotherapy works
Q2) Alex and Tricia have been married for two years.Recently they felt like they have grown apart.Alex and Tricia plan to attend couples therapy because they know the main goal is to ____.
A) deemphasize how they express their emotions
B) determine who is most responsible
C) improve their communication
D) boost each other's self-confidence
Q3) Which form of technology is currently being utilized for the purpose of conducting group therapy meetings?
A) The Internet
B) video games
C) cell phones
D) satellites
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Q1) B.D.Check,a legislator,is being pressured to pass a bill to help curb the violence and aggressive behavior taking place in society.According to what you know about social psychology,this bill should include ____.
A) a repeal of the no-smoking laws
B) deregulation of industrial manufacturing
C) a monetary penalty for overcrowded apartment buildings
D) a repeal of all gun laws
Q2) An example of an illusory correlation would be ____.
A) seeing a group of rowdy Chinese teens and believing their behavior is typical of Chinese people
B) believing that bad events are less likely to happen to you because of previous experience
C) identifying with an inappropriate reference group by which you compare yourself
D) making internal attributions for the successes of an outgroup member
Q3) Briefly summarize Milgram's study results and then list and explain the factors that affect the degree of obedience.
Q4) What are the key factors that influence whether you will be attracted to someone?
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Chapter 17: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Q1) As an I/O psychologist,Linus knows that the most motivating goals for employees are ones that are ____.
A) chosen by employers, not employees
B) difficult enough to be challenging, but not impossible
C) phrased in general, rather than specific, terms
D) not easy for the employees to monitor
Q2) Questionnaires that measure employees' attitudes about specific aspects of their jobs take a(n)____ approach.
A) actual criterion
B) theoretical criterion
C) global
D) facet
Q3) Olive is working on a project to assess the job satisfaction of all employees at Oil Enterprises.Given what you know about measuring job satisfaction,Olive is most likely going to use ____.
A) behavior-focused rating forms
B) questionnaires
C) interviews
D) graphic rating forms
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Neuropsychology
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Q1) If you damaged your left temporal lobe and developed language problems,you would most likely have ____.
A) ideational apraxia
B) aprosodia
C) alexia without agraphia
D) Wernicke's aphasia
Q2) Laverne cannot understand the meaning of other people's tones of voice.Shirley speaks in a dull tone even if she feels very emotional.Laverne has ____ aprosodia,and Shirley has ____ aprosodia.
A) receptive; expressive
B) expressive; receptive
C) ideational; ideomotor
D) ideomotor; ideational
Q3) Gavin has recently sustained a traumatic brain injury.This kind of injury occurs when an impact to the head causes the brain to ____.
A) lose cerebrospinal fluid
B) stretch and tear because of violent movement
C) deteriorate due to a loss of oxygen and blood
D) shut down certain cortices as an internal failsafe
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Appendix A: Statistics in Psychological Research
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Q1) Melanie and Melody are fraternal twins.At which age would you expect their IQ scores to be the most similar?
A) 15 years old
B) 30 years old
C) 45 years old
D) 60 years old
Q2) Dr.Van Oss is conducting a longitudinal study on lifestyle and heart disease.He found that participants who smoked and had poor diets were at higher risk of developing heart disease.However,some of those at-risk participants appeared to have a genetic "immunity" to heart disease.These results demonstrate the importance of understanding
A) a participant's phenotype
B) nonshared factors
C) gene-environment interactions
D) evolutionary factors
Q3) The biology of inheritance is called ____.
A) immunology
B) environmental psychology
C) biochemistry
D) genetics
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Chapter 20: Appendix B: Behavioral Genetics
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Q1) Professor Kipling is discussing statistics in your introductory psychology class.She explains that descriptive statistics are invaluable because they allow psychologists to
A) describe the relationship between two variables
B) summarize a pool of data
C) determine whether a data set is normally distributed
D) determine whether the differences between two groups are significant
Q2) Dr.Banguna is conducting an experiment to discover the effects of money payments (independent variable)on work performance (dependent variable).Dr.Banguna's null hypothesis would state ____.
A) the size of the payment will not affect the level of work performance
B) the larger the payment the higher the level of work performance
C) the smaller the payment the lower the level of work performance
D) no payment will cause no work to be performed at all
Q3) Which of the following is one of the basic categories of descriptive statistics?
A) measures of central tendency
B) inferring causation
C) expressing the difference between two group means
D) predicting proportions in a population
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Page 22