Contemporary Issues in Psychology
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the latest trends, debates, and challenges shaping the field of psychology today. Students will critically examine modern psychological research and theories in areas such as mental health, diversity and inclusion, technologys impact on human behavior, ethical considerations, and global perspectives. The course encourages analysis of current events and emerging issues, fostering a deeper understanding of how psychological principles are applied in contemporary society and addressing complex problems in a rapidly changing world.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Around Us 3rd Canadian Edition by Ronald Comer
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16 Chapters
5794 Verified Questions
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2
Chapter 1: Psychology Yesterday and Today
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328 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Bernard is the first scientist to study a new species that was recently found.Given that humans don't know anything about this creature,what is the first goal that Dr.Bernard should achieve?
A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) control
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following women psychologists is correctly matched with her area of study?
A) Brenda Milner - the role of the hippocampus in memory
B) Leta Hollingsworth - mother-infant attachment
C) Magda Arnold - gender differences in mental functioning
D) Mary Whilton Calkins - history of Canadian psychology
Answer: A
Q3) Mental processes describe the activity of our brains when we are engaged in thinking.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Psychology as a Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do inferential statistics allow researchers to do?
A) Determine whether their findings can be applied to everyone in the population.
B) Describe the patterns in the data.
C) Determine how consistent each participant's score was relative to the group.
D) Estimate whether the sample is representative of the population.
Answer: A
Q2) If individuals carefully observe the events in the world around them,they are often able to discover the laws that govern those events.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Observations of behaviours or any other events must be objectively testable.Which of the following does NOT meet this criterion?
A) dollars spent in a department store
B) number of students in a school
C) frequency of reported car accidents
D) number of caring people in the world
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Savannah has been prescribed an antidepressant.The medication probably ___ the activity of the neurotransmitter ___ in Savannah's brain.
A) decreases; serotonin
B) increases; serotonin
C) decreases; norepinephrine
D) increases; norepinephrine
Answer: B
Q2) Which case study was important in localizing the function of the prefrontal cortex?
A) H.M.
B) Ebbinghaus
C) Phineas Gage
D) Sperling
Answer: C
Q3) What is the main difference between a multipolar,bipolar and unipolar neuron?
A) the number of extensions protruding from the cell body
B) the length of the axons
C) the number of dendrites communicating with the trigger zone
D) the number of organelles in the cell body
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the drawbacks of longitudinal research designs.
Q2) Farmer Brown has bred a white chicken and a black chicken.If feather colour is a codominant trait,what colour will the chicks be?
A) black
B) white
C) black and white
D) grey
Q3) Menopause usually first effects women age 60 or older.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following terms refers to variations of the same gene?
A) chromosomes
B) homozygous
C) heterozygous
D) alleles
Q5) Vygotsky claimed that social actions with mature people in the culture serve to influence children's development.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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384 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melanie has just come out of a dark movie theatre into bright sunlight.Which of the following would best describe her visual process as she leaves the theatre?
A) The cones in her eye allow Melanie to immediately notice the bright colours in her environment.
B) The rods in her eye allow Melanie to immediately notice objects moving in her periphery.
C) Her pupils constrict to block out the bright light, allowing her eyes to adapt.
D) Her pupils dilate to allow more light in, so she can adjust to the change from the dark theatre.
Q2) Oscar has suffered a viral infection in his brain and now has ageusia.This means that he:
A) also has anosmia
B) is a supertaster
C) is unable to taste
D) suffers from seizures that are triggered by specific tastes
Q3) Name the five major taste receptors.
Q4) The physical stimuli used by the gustatory sensory system are called ___.
Q5) Summarize the biological changes that underlie smell and taste.
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Chapter 6: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure in the hypothalamus coordinates the function of the pineal gland producing melatonin?
A) substantia nigra
B) suprachiasmatic nucleus
C) red nucleus
D) pons
Q2) A Freudian slip is best defined as
A) a memory that has no verbal content that influences mood and behaviour.
B) a repressed idea that inadvertently enters consciousness.
C) an emotionally charged event that keeps recurring in the person's mind.
D) a mistake that caused you so much embarrassment that you repressed it.
Q3) Which of the following drugs works by causing a sudden release of serotonin?
A) cocaine
B) amphetamines
C) ecstasy
D) heroin
Q4) What percentage of the population reportedly cannot be hypnotized at all?
Q5) What is the purpose of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in dealing with unconscious material?
Q6) What types of diseases and disorders is smoking tobacco directly related to?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Awareness and attention usually enhance learning.Describe an instance when awareness and excessive attention may impair learning.
Q2) A stimulus that becomes rewarding after it is paired with a primary reinforcer is called a
A) contingent reinforce.
B) secondary reinforce.
C) fixed reinforce.
D) variable reinforce.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
A) You clean your room because your mother promised you a chocolate bar if you do.
B) You clean your room because you can't stand hearing your mother nag at you anymore.
C) You clean your room because your mother said she's take your Playstation away if you didn't.
D) You clean your room because your mother said she'd smack your butt if you didn't.
Q4) What is the difference between mimicry and observational learning?
Q5) Describe Thorndike's "puzzle box" experiment.
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9
Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Horrace fell off a bridge into very cold water.Although he was rescued,he suffered some oxygen deprivation that damaged his brain.Specifically,he is no longer able to form new memories,although all of his memories prior to the accident are intact.What area of the brain is most likely damaged in Horrace?
A) temporal lobes
B) parietal lobes
C) occipital lobes
D) frontal lobes
Q2) Tamiko was asked to study a list of 12 words then write down as many of the words as she could remember.She found that she was able to remember the first four words better than the rest of the words.This is called the ___ effect.
A) recency
B) primacy
C) ordering
D) hierarchical
Q3) Describe the difference between amnestic disorders and dementia.
Q4) Which is most effective: distributed or massed practice?
Q5) Describe one approach to improving brain fitness in people aged 65 years and older.
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Chapter 9: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.Kotzugacontinues to speak fluently and grammatically following a brain injury.However,what he says makes absolutely no sense.Mr.Kotzugaappears to be suffering from ___.
A) Wernicke's aphasia
B) agrammatism
C) Broca's aphasia
D) lexical agnosia
Q2) Extensive vocabularies for a topic can lead to the inability to make ___ distinctions along that dimension.
Q3) You are creating a language development timeline for a class presentation.Along the top of a display board,you write the following ages in sequence: 3 months ? 6 months ? 1 year ? 2 years.How should you label these ages,from youngest to oldest?
A) prevocal learning ? babbling ? first words ? telegraphic speech
B) babbling ? prevocal learning ? first words ? telegraphic speech
C) babbling ? first words ? telegraphic speech ? pragmatic speech
D) prevocal learning ? first words ? telegraphic speech ? syntactic competence
Q4) At approximately what age does theory of mind begin to develop?
Q5) Describe how analogies can help with problem solving and provide an example.
Q6) Describe the concept of bounded rationality and when we use it.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inzhu is ten years old and is given an IQ test.She scores above average on the test.This finding is most strongly predicted to indicate
A) whether Jessica will get good grades in elementary school.
B) whether Jessica will go on to college or university.
C) whether Jessica will experience occupational success.
D) whether Jessica will have better health and a longer lifespan.
Q2) The average score in a distribution is known as the ___.
Q3) The discussion in your textbook about The Bell Curve relates to A) the normal distribution in statistics.
B) the fact that IQ scores are increasing across time.
C) IQ and heredity.
D) the problem of managing stereotype threat.
Q4) Mishtaalways wins at games testing knowledge of trivia.On which index of the WAIS is Mishtalikely to perform extremely well?
A) vocabulary
B) comprehension
C) memory
D) reasoning
Q5) Describe how Taiwanese-Chinese intelligence theorists define intelligence.
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blood levels of what hormone are positively related to the sex drive in males?
A) testosterone
B) progesterone
C) estrogen
D) adrenalin
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a cognitive function of emotion?
A) organizing memory
B) prioritizing needs and goals
C) improving language acquisition
D) guiding decision making
Q3) Joud thought about her new puppy,Max,and had warm,fuzzy,pleasant thoughts about him.If her heart rate were assessed,what pattern would be observed for this pleasant stimulus?
A) reduced
B) accelerated
C) stopped
D) a-waves
Q4) ___ observations of emotion are the most widely used approach to study emotion.
Q5) Why are thrill-seeking behaviours difficult for drive-reduction theories to explain?
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.LaBelle is discussing cultural differences in personality with his graduate class.He offers a 2% bonus mark for the first student to correctly identify these differences.Which student below will get the bonus marks?
A) Isidora says that people from individualistic cultures tend to score higher on extroversion and people from collectivist cultures tend to score higher on agreeableness.
B) Raghed says that people from individualistic cultures tend to score higher on introversion and people from collectivist cultures tend to score higher on conscientiousness.
C) Lucy says that people from individualistic cultures tend to score higher on openness and people from collectivist cultures tend to score higher on competitiveness.
D) Jordanka says that people from individualistic cultures tend to score higher on neuroticism and people from collectivist cultures tend to score higher on extroversion.
Q2) High dopamine activity in the reward centres of the brain is related to negative emotions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) If we are given detailed information about external pressures,we may attribute the behaviour of others to ___ factors.
Q2) Which of the following is most closely related to the issue of bystander apathy,according to Darley and Latané?
A) diffusion of responsibility
B) decreasing social commitment
C) increasing emotional detachment in urban centers
D) increases in individualism in Western culture
Q3) Who proposed the concept of cognitive dissonance?
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the components of social identity theory?
A) social categorization
B) social identity
C) social schema
D) social comparison
Q5) Which type of task results in a group being only as productive as its weakest member?
A) divisible
B) additive
C) disjunctive
D) conjunctive
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Chapter 14: Stress,coping,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following people is using problem-focused coping?
A) A bystander sees a house on fire and calls the fire department.
B) A recently laid-off worker is enjoying sleeping in each morning.
C) A driver in a traffic jam rants at the other drivers for not moving.
D) A mother prays for her son who is serving in the army.
Q2) In Pathway 2,the fight-or-flight response begins in the ___.
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) pituitary gland
C) adrenal cortex
D) hypothalamus
Q3) Which of the following statements about pressure is FALSE?
A) Self-imposed pressure is often more difficult than pressure from others.
B) The presence of an audience always increases pressure.
C) Feelings of pressure are often associated with feelings of distress.
D) Pressure often results from standards being imposed.
Q4) When a stressor is detected,the sympathetic nervous system releases which neurotransmitter?
Q5) Most individuals are consciously aware of the defence mechanisms they employ.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?
A) Major depressive disorder is genetic and bipolar disorder is acquired.
B) Major depressive disorder is found equally in men and women and bipolar disorder is predominantly found in women.
C) Major depressive disorder is caused by a chemical imbalance and bipolar disorder is caused by a structural problem in the brain.
D) Major depressive disorder involves a depressive state and bipolar involves periods of mania alternating with depression.
Q2) The leading explanations for OCD come from the ___ models.
Q3) What purpose or function do compulsions serve?
Q4) Marissa is really worried about her cousin.The last time they were together,he mentioned that he thought suicide was a good option.What key feature of a psychological abnormality is Marissa's cousin displaying?
A) distress
B) dysfunction
C) danger
D) deviance
Q5) Summarize the findings of research on the causes of bipolar disorder.
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that psychodynamic therapies seem to be the most effective of all treatments for specific phobias.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Maddie has suffered from severe depression for many years.Which of the following procedures might she be considering?
A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) neurosurgery
C) lobotomy
D) trephining
Q3) When Cedric tells his therapist that no one at work likes him,his therapist tells him that,for homework,he wants Cedric to start conversations with five people in his office before his next appointment.Which of the following approaches is Cedric's therapist using?
A) Bandura's modelling approach
B) Beck's cognitive therapy approach
C) Ellis' rational-emotive therapy approach
D) Roger's client-centred therapy approach
Q4) Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
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