Contemporary Issues in Nursing
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Contemporary Issues in Nursing explores current trends, challenges, and developments facing the nursing profession today. The course examines topics such as healthcare policy, ethical dilemmas, the impact of technology on patient care, cultural competence, workforce diversity, and strategies for addressing health disparities. Through analysis of case studies and discussion of real-world scenarios, students will develop critical thinking skills and an understanding of how societal, economic, and political factors influence nursing practice and patient outcomes. This course prepares students to be informed, adaptable, and proactive professionals in a rapidly changing healthcare environment.
Recommended Textbook
Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing 3rd Canadian Edition by Margaret Burkhardt
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19 Chapters
317 Verified Questions
317 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces
Influencing the Development of Nursing
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of the significance of Nursing during the Middle Ages ?
A)Religious nursing orders and church-sanctioned secular nursing orders offered the only legitimate avenues for women wishing to become nurses.
B)Increasing respect was given to nursing and midwifery, as nurses began to practise autonomously.
C)Healing arts in Denmark and Greece were performed in sacred ceremonies by priests, priestesses, or shamans.
D)Most nurses were women of high social status seeking ways to legitimize their position and status.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following concepts can be attributed to Florence Nightingale?
A)that caring for the body would bring healing to the mind and spirit
B)that separating clean and dirty conditions was important for patient healing
C)that nurses must embrace the traditional nurturing expectations of women
D)that it was necessary to separate caring from curing in nursing practice
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethical Theory
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an example of rationalism?
A)Babies are born with a tendency to be sympathetic and this develops further as they mature.
B)All cultures will inherently assume responsibility for and care for the weak in society.
C)Telling the truth is found throughout all cultures because this value originates independently in the universe.
D)Stealing a loaf of bread to feed a hungry family is not bad because the end result is good.
Answer: C
Q2) Which type of moral theory, rigidly applied, would most likely lead a person to consider euthanasia morally wrong, even when it is done to end the pain and suffering of a patient?
A)deontology
B)virtue ethics
C)naturalism
D)utilitarianism
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Ethical Principles
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the CNA Code of Ethics recognize about confidentiality?
A)It develops from respect for patients and is an absolute requirement in all situations.
B)It is restricted to legal regulations and definitions.
C)It is not absolute and may be modified to protect the patient or other innocent people.
D)It enables preservation of dignity for patients in intimate and private situations.
Answer: C
Q2) The emergency room team decides that the most critically ill patient will be treated first. Which of the following ethical principles is illustrated by the decision-making process in this case?
A)respect for persons
B)justice
C)beneficence
D)autonomy
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Values Clarification
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can values best be defined?
A)as principles of right or wrong
B)as ideals, beliefs, customs, and modes of conduct
C)as self-knowledge and the willingness to express that awareness
D)as reflections upon and evaluations of one's own experiences
Q2) What is the correct terminology for values that are implicit in the expectations of an institution, but are not in set out writing?
A)formal values
B)covert values
C)integral values
D)overt values
Q3) How can values be acquired?
A)by challenging dilemmas faced in professional or personal lives
B)through the determination of genetic and hereditary influences
C)by openly expressing our ideals to other people
D)in both conscious and unconscious ways throughout our lives
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Chapter 5: Values Development
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kohlberg and Gilligan, which of the following is the final stage in an adult's values development?
A)universal consideration
B)renewed perspective
C)perceived authority
D)general consensus
Q2) What is another term that can be used interchangeably with "human values development"?
A)moral development
B)faith development
C)ethical values
D)formal operations development
Q3) What are the key factors associated with Gilligan's theory?
A)relationships and caring
B)responsibility and logic
C)personal liberty and rights
D)reciprocity and equality
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Chapter 6: Ethical Decision Making
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which would be considered as part of the "Identify Options" stage of the ethical decision-making process?
A)questioning if the original ethical problem has been resolved
B)checking in with yourself and your moral barometer
C)determining which factors are morally significant
D)identifying whose decision this is to make
Q2) When do moral dilemmas occur?
A)when the nurse is unsure of the morally correct action
B)when there are conflicting moral claims
C)when moral claims conflict with practical claims
D)when participants disagree on the appropriate course of action
Q3) What step in the process of ethical decision making involves participants excluding results that are unacceptable, along with their potential consequences?
A)Identify options.
B)Determine moral perspective.
C)Gather data and identify conflicting moral claims.
D)Determine desired outcomes.
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Chapter 7: Legal Issues
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a jurisdiction where there is no specific legislation regarding consent, which of the following elements is usually noted when defining a valid consent?
A)There must be urgency in the decision-making process.
B)There must be efficiency in the decision-making process.
C)The patient must have capacity to consent.
D)The patient must articulate a moral agency.
Q2) Which of the following legal categories would falsification of educational records upon new employment at an agency come under?
A)assault
B)fraud
C)battery
D)intentional tort
Q3) Which of the following is an example of administrative law?
A)the Regulated Health Professions Act, which defines the role of the nurse
B)the roles of colleges of nursing, which enforce rules
C)the way nurses collect and use personal health information
D)the way to identify the difference between negligence and incompetence
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Chapter 8: Professional Issues
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each Provincial College of Nursing has the power and responsibility to discipline nurses. What is this an example of?
A)unity
B)accountability
C)authority
D)responsibility
Q2) Which statement best reflects the professional attribute of autonomy for nurses?
A)an examination for licensure is done following the meeting of nursing educational requirements
B)the title of "Registered Nurse" and "Nurse" is protected
C)the establishment of a unique body of knowledge and research for nursing
D)the nurse alone is responsible and answerable for their actions
Q3) Which of the following refers to being answerable to another person or persons for something one has done?
A)autonomy
B)expertise
C)authority
D)accountability
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Chapter 9: Professional Relationship Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best defines harassment?
A)behaviour that demeans, humiliates, or embarrasses a person
B)multiple episodes of distressing behaviour with intermittent and continual threats
C)situations that make an individual feel frustrated, angry, or anxious.
D)unwelcome, abusive, and/or aggressive behaviour, including oral and written communication
Q2) A nurse chooses to go without lunch so that a patient can be taken outside to get a newspaper and a strong cup of coffee. Which of the following terms best applies to this situation?
A)self-sacrifice
B)beneficence
C)non-maleficence
D)obligation
Q3) When problem solving in situations of conflict, what should the nurse remember?
A)The nurse has a fiduciary relationship with the patient.
B)The institution's policies and procedures are paramount.
C)The nurse's own personal values must be put aside.
D)The nurse has an ethical duty to protect her/himself.
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Chapter 10: Practice Issues Related to End Of Life Care
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What ethical dilemma may arise from the use of life-sustaining technologies associated with health care providers ?
A)having each person define a quality of life
B)when families typically opt for fewer interventions
C)that technology permits a more peaceful death
D)the idea that death is an enemy to be overcome
Q2) How can withholding or removing treatments where the burden or harm to the person is determined to outweigh the benefits be viewed?
A)as allowing the person to die as a result of the natural progression of the disease process
B)as causing the painless death of the person in order to end or prevent more suffering
C)as providing the person the means to end his or her own life when he or she is ready to die
D)as following the directives to avoid suffering included in do not resuscitate orders
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Chapter 11: Practice Issues Related to Patient
Self-Determination
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who describes using meditation, guided imagery, and mega intravenous doses of vitamin C as part of her treatment. Which of the following nursing actions would take into consideration the patient's ability for self-determination?
A)Honour the patient's right to use therapies other than conventional medicine to address their health care needs.
B)Tell the patient that she should stop these therapies because the research does not support them.
C)Inform the patient that she has a right to do what she wants, but that it is unwise to mix different modalities of therapy.
D)Encourage the patient to share the alternative therapies with other patients to see if they might help them as well.
Q2) Which of the following elements must be present when evaluating a patient's decision-making capacity?
A)the ability to determine a positive outcome
B)the ability to communicate understanding
C)the ability to behave in an ethical manner
D)the ability to understand medical terminology
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Chapter 12: Scholarship Issues
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17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be an example of plagiarism?
A)paraphrasing of the work of another and providing credit to that person
B)submitting your original work without citations
C)citing the work of another and using referencing
D)"cutting and pasting" sections from a previous paper you wrote into a current paper
Q2) Whose integrity and honesty are of the utmost importance in the ethical treatment of data?
A)statistician
B)participants
C)researcher
D)data collector
Q3) Which of the following is an example of fraudulent research?
A)reporting studies that were never conducted
B)reporting outcomes of studies
C)reporting of a research hypothesis
D)reporting of exclusion and inclusion criteria
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Chapter 13: The Future of Canadian Health Care: Challenges
and Priorities
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12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following contribute to the challenge of providing health care for populations across the globe?
A)infant mortality and globalization
B)ecology and traditional healing systems
C)war and national crises
D)relationships and curative measures
Q2) What is one circumstance that precipitated the movement of nursing education away from the hospital base to universities?
A)the growing numbers of university prepared nursing faculty
B)the growth of public health nursing as a specialty
C)the Nightingale Report, which recommended the need for higher education to prepare nurses
D)an increasing public demand for nursing education that could no longer be met in the hospital-based system with its relationships and curative measures
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Chapter 14: Health Policy Issues
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nursing professor is actively involved in lobbying for health policy issues. The professor tells the class that these activities are moral duties. What is the best explanation for this statement?
A)The nursing professor likely learned the sense of duty from her upbringing.
B)The nursing professor has a deontological ethical perspective.
C)The ICN code of ethics for nurses directs the professor to promote efforts to meet the health needs of society.
D)The nursing professor is attempting to influence the students' political action or influence the pursuit of health.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a method that a nurse should use when preparing to engage in political action?
A)understanding the processes and levels of government
B)writing many personal letters
C)bringing personal biases to the issue
D)enlisting interested and informed allies to the cause
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Chapter 15: Economic Issues
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a Constitutional perspective, what complicates the discussion of a Canadian's entitlement to health care?
A)The provinces and territories have very different perspectives based on different populations.
B)It is difficult to support from a financial perspective justice for all.
C)There is nothing in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms that describes health care as a right.
D)Health care is designated as a privilege in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Q2) Which ethical theories of justice are based on the concept that it is good to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of people?
A)libertarian theories
B)utilitarian theories
C)deontological theories
D)communitarian theories
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Chapter 16: Social Issues
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can get in the way when working with vulnerable groups?
A)self-determination
B)language that colours speech and actions
C)exploring personal beliefs
D)inadequate research
Q2) Which population shows an increased incidence of conditions associated with poor nutrition, inadequate exercise, and illnesses from environmental factors?
A)children living in poverty
B)adults living in poverty
C)elder population living in poverty
D)abused women living in poverty
Q3) Which of the following challenges is an important structural issue in health care?
A)abortion
B)research
C)pandemics
D)poverty
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Chapter 17: Issues of Gender and Culture
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following governs employment equity and equal pay for equal work as a right protected in provinces across Canada?
A)Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
B)Equal Wages Guidelines
C)Pay Gap Act
D)Fair-Labour Legislation
Q2) Which forms of discrimination are clearly prohibited by Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A)any form of practised inequality
B)unwelcome conduct that detrimentally affects the work environment
C)nurses' functioning subordinate to multiple layers of authority
D)disparity in earnings existing between men and women
Q3) What is the term for the gender division of labour pertaining to nurses and physicians and how they relate to each other in health care settings?
A)physician-nurse relations
B)mean-spiritedness
C)the doctor-nurse game
D)male domination
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Chapter 18: Rural, Remote, and Indigenous Nursing in Canada
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best defines Indigenous nursing?
A)nurses working in outpost settings and northern territories
B)nurses with specialized knowledge, affirmed by a faith community
C)Indigenous persons who work as nurses
D)nurses who work in Indigenous communities
Q2) What type of nursing education may help nurses in rural and remote areas to access continuing and graduate education?
A)university continuing education
B)college continuing education
C)modular courses
D)co-operative programs
Q3) Which of the following individuals would self-identify as being a part of at least one Indigenous group?
A)Amish
B)Acadian
C)Québécois
D)Inuit
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Empowerment for Nurses
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16 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for a person who waits and hopes something or someone else will change, and makes excuses for not acting?
A)disempowered
B)a whistle-blower
C)a victim
D)an empowered person
Q2) Which of the following is a potential barrier to patient empowerment?
A)comfort with change
B)sufficient knowledge
C)social labelling
D)available resources
Q3) What should be thoroughly explored before engaging in whistle-blowing by nurses?
A)how many nurses agree and will stand by the issue
B)how long the problem has been going on
C)if speaking out is likely to effect change
D)which leaders can be counted on for support
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