Contemporary Issues in Genetics Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
This course explores the latest advancements and challenges in the field of genetics, focusing on how current discoveries and technologies are shaping medicine, agriculture, ethics, and society. Topics include genomic editing (such as CRISPR), gene therapy, genetic privacy, personalized medicine, and the ethical implications of genetic manipulation. Students will examine landmark case studies, engage in critical discussions about the societal impact of these advancements, and gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which contemporary genetic issues are influencing policy and daily life.
Recommended Textbook
Human Genetics and Society 2nd Edition by Ronnee Yashon
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sex and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Development of the sex organs is influenced by the presence or absence of the hormone testosterone.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What is the normal number of pairs of chromosomes for humans?
A) 21
B) 22
C) 23
D) 24
E) 42
Answer: C
Q3) During which trimester(s)does the most rapid fetal growth take place?
A) first trimester
B) second trimester
C) third trimester
D) There is equal fetal growth in all trimesters.
E) It varies depending on each individual pregnancy.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Assisted Reproductive Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spermatogenesis occurs in the
A) urethra.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) epididymis.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) prostate gland.
Answer: B
Q2) The action of the sperm entering the egg triggers the completion of meiosis of the egg.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What is the most common cause of infertility in females?
A) hormone imbalance
B) blocked fallopian tubes
C) damaged ovaries
D) endometriosis
E) obesity
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Changes in Chromosome Number
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mothers who are over the age of 35 have a higher likelihood of having a child with genetic defects than do younger mothers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The location of this can vary depending on the chromosome.
Answer: B
Q3) Patau syndrome
A)Trisomy 21
B)XXY
C)XO
D)47, +13
E)Trisomy 18
F)47, XYY
Answer: D
Q4) Aneuploidy is a major cause of early miscarriages.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: How Genes Are Transmitted From Generation to Generation
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Q1) Equal frequency of males and females affected.
A)autosomal recessive only
B)autosomal dominant only
C)X-linked recessive only
D)autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant only
E)None of the above.
Q2) Mendel's law of independent assortment states that
A) homologous chromosomes are independent and don't pair up.
B) genes do not sort independently during meiosis.
C) each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during meiosis.
D) gametes will only contain combinations of genes that match the combinations from one of the parents.
E) gametes will contain only one copy of each gene after meiosis.
Q3) Why do males show a higher incidence of certain genetic disorders than females?
Q4) Adult-onset disorders occur shortly after birth.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Gene Expression and Gene Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) codon
Q2) The most common mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis
A) introduces an early stop codon producing a shortened protein.
B) is deletion of one amino acid from the normal protein.
C) is the change of a single amino acid from the normal protein.
D) is due to the loss of both copies of the gene for chloride ion transport.
E) is due to an extra copy of the chromosome containing the chloride ion transport gene.
Q3) these are different for different amino acids
Q4) The first codon in protein translation is called the
A) stop codon.
B) start codon.
C) initiation sequence.
D) promoter.
E) termination sequence.
Q5) Proteins have many functions within the cell.
A)True
B)False
Q6) formed during translation
Q7) contains a region called the anticodon
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Changes in DNA: Mutations and Epigenetics
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Q1) change in DNA sequence
A)genome
B)millirem
C)apoptosis
D)histones
E)free radical
F)imprinting
G)proofreading
H)mutation
I)methylation
J)frameshift
K)senescence
Q2) Which of the following statements about DNA repair is TRUE?
A) All of the mistakes made in DNA replication are fixed by the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase.
B) There is only one DNA repair system in humans.
C) All mutations are detected and fixed by DNA repair systems.
D) DNA repair systems recognize distortions in the DNA double helix.
E) There is no DNA repair system to deal with damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Animal models can be used to screen drugs to identify those that improve symptoms of different diseases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Transgenic pigs
A)An animal or plant that carries a gene from another species
B)Important source of organs for transplants
C)An animal model for cancer
D)Proteins that cut DNA in specific places
E)Source for the production of human growth hormone
F)Beta-carotene
G)Carrier molecules used in recombinant DNA technology
H)An animal model for immune deficiency disorders
Q3) Distinguish between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.Make sure to include information on the source of each cell,potential to form different cell types,and their current and potential uses.
Q4) What are GM crops? Describe the advantages and concerns with the use of these crops.
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Chapter 8: Genetic Testing and Prenatal Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Currently there are no programs requiring that people be tested to see if they are carriers for a genetic disease.If this changed,would you support such a policy? Why or why not? Include arguments both for and against such a policy.
Q2) CVS
A)Sonar imaging of a fetus
B)Treatments include dialysis
C)Carriers were prevented from joining the United State Air Force
D)Analyzes DNA present in amniotic fluid
E)Procedure where a needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine wall
F)Leads to death by age 3 or 4
G)Blastomere genetic testing
H)Can be done at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy
I)Treatment involves avoiding phenylalanine in the diet
Q3) Ultrasound can aid in the diagnosis of A) monosomy 1.
B) trisomy 21..
C) all genetic disorders.
D) cystic fibrosis.
E) phenylketonuria.
Q4) Distinguish between genetic testing and genetic screening.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: DNA Forensics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Analysis of STRs shows that
A) the more alleles that are analyzed, the more frequent the combinations become in a population.
B) the more alleles that are analyzed, the rarer the combinations become in a population.
C) all STR alleles occur at equal frequency..
D) the usefulness of STRs for DNA profiling is very limited.
E) None of these are correct.
Q2) DNA is unstable and breaks down after a year or so.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following DNA elements have NOT been used to develop DNA profiles?
A) minisatellites
B) STRs
C) RFLPs
D) telomeres
E) All of these have been used to develop DNA profiles.
Q4) Kary Mullis,the inventor of PCR,owns the patent for the invention.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Genomics
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Q1) All of the following describe new information learned about the human genome EXCEPT
A) the human genome has many regions of noncoding DNA.
B) only about 1.5% of the genome codes for proteins.
C) the human genome has many regions of repetitive sequences.
D) transposons make up the majority of the repetitive sequences.
E) All of these describe new information about the human genome.
Q2) LINE 1 sequences
A)Technique used to determine the location of a gene
B)Particular genes are often inherited jointly
C)Provides clues to the location of genes
D)A collection of DNA sequences that represents all regions of the genome
E)DNA sequences that are useful for identifying the positions of genes
F)Repetitive DNA with the ability to replicate and move around the genome
G)Map units of linkage maps
H)Repetitive sequences that are thought to have played an important role in human evolution
I)Genetic exchange between chromosomes
J)Repetitive sequences comprising about 17% of the genome
Q3) What are some of the legal and ethical questions associated with genomics?
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Chapter 11: Inheritance of Complex Traits
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human fingerprints
A)multifactorial trait
B)intelligence quotient
C)concordance
D)bell curve
E)monozygotic twins
F)developmental dyslexia
G)spina bifida
H)folic acid
Q2) Traits that involve interactions between genes and environmental factors
A)multifactorial trait
B)intelligence quotient
C)concordance
D)bell curve
E)monozygotic twins
F)developmental dyslexia
G)spina bifida
H)folic acid
Q3) What is the difference between simple traits and complex traits? What are polygenic and multifactorial traits?
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Chapter 12: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of these cancers have RAS mutations been implicated?
A) colon cancer
B) cancer of the oral cavity
C) lung cancer
D) breast cancer
E) skin cancer
Q2) Some cancers appear to run in families.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person's genetics can affect the susceptibility of individuals to environmental agents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____ is the time between mitotic cell divisions.
A) Metaphase
B) Interphase
C) Mitosis
D) Cytokinesis
E) G2
Q5) Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Schizophrenia is a
A) multifactorial condition that affects behavior.
B) recessive genetic condition that affects behavior.
C) only determined by environmental conditions.
D) disorder that develops due to exposure to toxins.
E) disorder that cannot be treated.
Q2) Behavioral genetics is the study of the influence of
A) environment on behavior.
B) genetics on behavior.
C) animal behavior on human behavior.
D) diet on behavior.
E) drugs on behavior.
Q3) What chromosomal abnormality describes an individual with Jacobs syndrome?
A) XYY
B) XXX
C) YY
D) XXY
E) XY with a fragile X chromosome
Q4) Discuss how information about the behavioral genetics of other organisms can be used in human genetics..
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Chapter 14: Immunogenetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antibodies are
A) proteins secreted by activated B cells that bind antigen.
B) antigens found on certain foreign invaders.
C) proteins produced by T helper cells.
D) antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
E) part of the HLA complex.
Q2) What is unusual about people who are naturally resistant to HIV infection?
A) They are all homozygous for a mutant allele of the CC-CKR5 gene.
B) They are all homozygous for a mutant allele of the HLA complex gene.
C) They are all homozygous for a mutant allele of the Rh gene.
D) They do not have any T4 helper cells.
E) They are all heterozygous for a mutant allele of the CC-CKR5 gene.
Q3) HIV can be transmitted through
A) food.
B) water.
C) casual contact with an infected individual.
D) all of these .
E) none of these.
Q4) What is an antigen? What is an antibody? Identify the role of each substance in the immune response.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Genetics and Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to construct her pedigree analysis for Huntington disease,Nancy Wexler used which of the following populations?
A) 20,000 people from the database of the National Institutes of Health in the U.S.
B) Close to 19,000 Venezuelans who lived in an isolated area.
C) The entire population of Venezuela.
D) Everybody with Huntington disease.
E) Only families with no history of Huntington disease.
Q2) Today's dog breeds are the result of
A) natural selection.
B) genetic drift.
C) the founder effect.
D) artificial selection.
E) migration effects.
Q3) Which of the following is true about the Y chromosome?
A) All humans have a copy of the Y chromosome.
B) It passes from fathers to all of his children.
C) It is constantly changing from generation to generation.
D) It can be used to trace maternal ancestry.
E) It can be used to trace paternal ancestry.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Human Evolution
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Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.
B) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Homo floresiensis.
C) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo floresiensis.
D) Genomic analysis indicates that there was interbreeding between Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo floresiensis.
E) Genomic analysis indicates that there was no interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.
Q2) Describe how Y chromosome and mitochondrial SNP haplotypes can be used to trace ancient human migrations.
Q3) Describe the Kitzmiller vs.Dover Area School District case.What was the question raised and what was the outcome?
Q4) Describe how lactose tolerance can be considered evidence of recent human evolution.
Q5) What are characteristics shared by all primates?
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Chapter 17: A Different World: The Past, Present, and Future
of Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly explain how HIV drugs work.What is the usual approach to the use of HIV drugs for an HIV infected patient?
Q2) Animals have been cloned using a technique called nuclear transfer.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is an antigen? What is an antibody? Identify the role of each substance in the immune response.
Q4) All of the following accurately describe knockout mice EXCEPT
A) knockout mice have been used to study the genetics of human deafness.
B) knockout mice serve as models of various human disorders.
C) knockout mice have been valuable tools in learning about the functions of genes.
D) their development required the ability to isolate mouse embryonic stem cells.
E) all of the mouse genes have been knocked out in various mouse strains.
Q5) Knocking out the activity of a gene in mice provides information about whether that gene is also present in humans.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Compare and contrast positive and negative eugenics.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 1-Cells and Cell Structure
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Q1) What is the largest organelle within a cell?
A) mitochondria
B) nucleus
C) lysosomes
D) Golgi apparatus
E) endoplasmic reticulum
Q2) Mitosis refers to
A) division that produces genetically identical daughter cells.
B) the fusion of sperm and egg.
C) cell division by germ cells.
D) cell division that produces sperm and eggs.
E) errors in genetic information.
Q3) A zygote results from the fusion of a sperm and an egg.
A)True
B)False
Q4) nucleus
Q5) The instructions for making all the different types of cells in a human are encoded in the DNA of every cell.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 2-DNA and RNA
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Q1) In DNA,base pairing involves a
A) histone core binding with DNA.
B) ribosome pairing with a purine.
C) purine binding to a phosphate group.
D) purine binding to another purine.
E) purine binding to a pyrimidine.
Q2) Which of the following is a purine?
A) cysteine
B) uracil
C) thymine
D) cytosine
E) adenine
Q3) In DNA replication,
A) the double helix is not unwound.
B) the enzyme RNA polymerase links nucleotides together.
C) the sugar of one nucleotide is linked to the sugar of the next.
D) new DNA molecules contain one old and one new strand.
E) only one of the two original strands will serve as a template.
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Chapter 18: Biology Basics 3-Genes, Populations, and the Environment
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Q1) There appears to be a relationship between the genetics of PTC tasting,taste preferences,and diet in some people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following statements are true about supertasters for PTC EXCEPT
A) the taste of spices are often unpleasant to supertasters.
B) they often find that high-sugar foods are too sweet.
C) they often find coffee too bitter.
D) supertasters often enjoy the taste of soy products.
E) many supertasters avoid grapefruit juice.
Q3) All of the following are examples of autoimmune diseases EXCEPT
A) multiple sclerosis.
B) rheumatoid arthritis.
C) thyroid disease.
D) type I diabetes
E) breast cancer.
Q4) Rheumatoid Arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease.
A)True
B)False
22
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