Contemporary Issues in Criminology
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the dynamic and evolving landscape of criminology by examining current debates, challenges, and trends in crime, law enforcement, and criminal justice policy. Students will engage with topics such as cybercrime, terrorism, racial disparities within the justice system, drug policy, restorative justice alternatives, and the growing use of surveillance technologies. Through critical analysis of recent research, case studies, and policy developments, the course encourages students to assess the societal impact of crime and justice responses, consider ethical implications, and discuss proposed reforms within contemporary contexts.
Recommended Textbook Crim 2nd Canadian Edition by Larry Siegel
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime and Criminology
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Q1) According to the conflict view, the definition of crime is controlled by wealth, power, and position, and not by fear of social disruption.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In criminal law the burden of revenge is shifted from the individual to which of the following?
A)the community
B)the family
C)correction workers
D)the state
Answer: D
Q3) What concept did Cesare Beccaria believe in?
A)the Inquisition
B)capital punishment
C)hedonism
D)utilitarianism
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Crime
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Q1) Which statement would a critic of self-report studies be most likely to make?
A)Participants are not likely to be accurate in their recall of criminal events.
B)Self-report studies are not conducted frequently enough to be helpful.
C)Only offenders with the most extensive prior criminality are likely to be truthful.
D)Males are less likely than females to be participants in self-report surveys.
Answer: A
Q2) Which response to chronic or repeat offending is most likely to lead to continued offending?
A)prevention programs aimed at teenage offenders
B)slow processing through the criminal justice system
C)earlier eligibility for parole
D)longer prison terms in more secure settings
Answer: D
Q3) Research has found that the more severe the sanctions a chronic offender receives the more likely the individual is to stop offending.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Victims and Victimization
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Q1) Survey findings in victimization patterns indicate that the nature of victimization is random and uncertain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which term refers to the trauma experienced by victims due to the repeated delays in the court process, the questions and suggestions about the role he or she may have played in the event, and being continually questioned by authorities about the criminal event?
A)victimization syndrome
B)victim precipitation
C)system abuse
D)vicarious trauma
Answer: C
Q3) Divorced and never-married males and females are victimized more often than married people.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Choice Theory: Because They Want to
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Q1) What does the concept of general deterrence suggest?
A)Motivated people will violate the law if left free and unrestricted to do so.
B)The decision to commit crime is affected by the perceived likelihood of punishment.
C)If there are more suitable guardians for adolescents and children, there will be less crime.
D)As people get older, they will commit fewer crimes due to responsibilities and maturity.
Q2) Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Situational crime prevention suggests that crime prevention can be achieved by reducing the opportunities people have to commit particular crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Situational crime prevention may produce unforeseen and unwanted consequences. Discuss what is meant by displacement, extinction, discouragement, and diffusion.
Q5) Discuss drug use from the rational choice perspective.
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6
Chapter 5: Trait Theory: ITS in Their Blood
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Q1) The "Twinkie defence" promoted the view that biochemical conditions influence antisocial behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Tommy has been diagnosed with ADHD and is in grade 3. What would be the best course of action to have a significant, long-term impact on his behaviour problems in the classroom?
A)providing clear guidelines to Tommy about socially appropriate behaviour
B)sending Tommy and his parents to family counselling
C)enrolling Tommy in an early intervention reading program
D)gradually moving toward a reduction in the use of Ritalin over his next year in school
Q3) Which of the following has been linked to criminality in males and females?
A)testosterone
B)estrogens
C)neurotransmitters
D)monoamines
Q4) Discuss social policy and crime prevention in Canada. Describe the present measures used to control antisocial behaviour and curtail criminal activity. Is it working? Explain your position.
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Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Q1) Children of recent immigrants and children of visible minorities suffer the highest rates of poverty in Canada. What percentage of Aboriginal children lives in poverty?
A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)20 percent
D)50 percent
Q2) In regard to the relationship between social status and criminal behaviour, describe the issues that criminologists consider important in understanding the general and the unique causes of crime and how these affect Canadian culture.
Q3) According to Albert Cohen, the corner boy is a chronic delinquent who adopts a set of norms and principles that directly oppose middle-class values.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Robert Agnew's general strain theory suggests that there is more than one source of anomie.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: Socialization and Crime
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Q1) An important principle of social reaction theory is that the law is applied equally to everyone.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Evaluate labelling theory in terms of empirical support (or lack of it) and contributions to the study of criminality.
Q3) Who developed the differential association theory?
A)David Matza
B)Travis Hirschi
C)Edwin Lemert
D)Edwin Sutherland
Q4) Research attempts that have been made to verify the assumptions of neutralization theory have been inconclusive.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Learning theories contribute significantly to our understanding of the onset of criminal behaviour. Nonetheless, the general learning model has been criticized. Discuss those criticisms.
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Page 9
Chapter
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Q1) Power-control theory has received a great deal of attention in the criminological community because it encourages a new approach to the study of criminality. Discuss the approach taken by this theory.
Q2) According to John Hagan and his associates, by implication, lower-class girls are the most likely to violate the law because they are less closely controlled than their middle-class counterparts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In 1999 the Law Commission of Canada formally endorsed restorative justice as a practice. Discuss the historical roots and examine the benefits that the program is expected to have on contemporary Canadian society.
Q4) Compare and contrast instrumental Marxism and structural Marxism.
Q5) In regard to the Canadian Justice System and its treatment of women, describe changes that have occurred and those that are still needed. What suggestions do you have for a more equitable justice system for Canadian women?
Q6) Discuss Richard Quinney's social reality of crime theory. Do you agree with Quinney's view? Why or why not?
Q7) Discuss the left realism theory. What are the critiques of this theory?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Integrated Theories: Things Change
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Q1) According to the general theory of crime, why is it likely that young Billy will engage in deviant acts?
A)He has an underlying major mental illness which remains undiagnosed and untreated.
B)The government structure is overly controlling and holds up goals that are unattainable given his social class.
C)His neighbourhood is filled with criminal opportunities and influences.
D)His parents did not provide adequate supervision and he failed to develop adequate self-control.
Q2) How do integrated theories differ from other theories of crime?
A)They combine a variety of theories to look at role of biopsychosocial processes on the development of the amateur offender.
B)They focus primarily on the relationship between gender and delinquency.
C)They do not focus on one concept or explanation for crime but try to explain why everyone with criminogenic risk factors does not end up committing crimes.
D)They focus on the social structures in children's lives which encourage criminal behaviour in adulthood.
Q3) Present an overview of the integrated theories of crime.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Violent Crime
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Questions
Q1) A woman reluctantly calls the police and reports that she believes she has been raped. She reported that she had been on a second date with a man who, initially, seemed very caring and kind. He was strong and bragged about how physically fit he was. After an evening out at a local bar, he walked her home and began "play" wrestling with her. This continued despite the woman's insistence that he stop. The evening ended with intercourse despite the woman's forceful insistence that he stop on several occasions. Which type of sexual assault has taken place?
A)anger rape
B)power rape
C)exploitation rape
D)sadistic rape
Q2) Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by two instinctual drives, one being eros. What is eros?
A)the death instinct
B)the life instinct
C)the expressive instinct
D)the instrumental instinct
Q3) Governments have tried numerous responses to terrorism. Discuss some of these responses.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Property Crimes
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Q1) Movie stores often remove movies from their cases and display the empty case on shelves for customers to read in order to choose a movie to rent. Which method of controlling shoplifting are these stores engaging in?
A)target interference
B)target removal
C)target confusion
D)target hardening
Q2) The crime of embezzlement was first codified into law by the English Parliament during the 16th century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is reported by police to be the most common purpose given for motor vehicle theft?
A)transportation
B)profit
C)joyriding
D)commission of another crime
Q4) Discuss the nature and extent of the crime of break and enter in Canada and how burglars approach this job?
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Chapter 12: White: Collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) An employee has set up a false account in the company's computerized records and is extracting very small amounts of money from each client's account. Which type of computer crime is this an example of?
A)the Trojan horse
B)the salami slice
C)the logic bomb
D)the super whammy
Q2) How does the corporate culture theory explain the causes of white-collar crime?
A)Corporations encourage "if you are not first, you are last" thinking and the individuals who buy into this are more crime-prone than others.
B)"Go along to get along" notions are promoted in corporations so that new employees are pressured into conforming to cultural norms.
C)Offenders commit white-collar crimes because they have been hired into environments where it is the norm to "stay out of each other's business."
D)"Greed is good" and "profit must come first" lessons are learned in corporations in the same way they are learned on the street by gang members.
Q3) Describe Canadian efforts to control computer crime.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Public Order Crimes
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Q1) To control the use of the Internet for the purpose of child sex abuse, Bill C-15A received Royal Assent in June 2002. Which activity was made illegal as a result of this?
A)visiting any pornography sites on the Internet for which no previous research or law enforcement purpose has been approved
B)communicating with a child on the Internet for the purpose of committing a sexual offence against the child
C)posting any pictures of children under the age of 18 years without the written consent of their parents or guardians
D)impersonating or misleading children on the Internet in any way
Q2) The prevalence of STDs has caused many men to avoid visiting prostitutes, fearing the irreversible health hazards that such conduct can expose them to.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss what your text tells us about the drug abuse-crime association.
Q4) Discuss the difference between criminal behaviour and immoral behaviour. What is a moral entrepreneur?
Q5) Discuss what the research tells us about victimless crimes.
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Page 15