Contemporary Issues in Criminology
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Course Introduction
This course explores current debates and emerging trends in the field of criminology, focusing on the complexities of crime and justice in contemporary society. Students will critically analyze topics such as cybercrime, global terrorism, racial profiling, restorative justice practices, advancements in forensic technology, and the impact of social inequality on crime rates. Special attention is given to the intersection of law, ethics, and public policy, encouraging students to evaluate the effectiveness of modern criminal justice responses. Through case studies, scholarly readings, and class discussions, the course aims to foster a nuanced understanding of the dynamic and evolving nature of criminology in the 21st century.
Recommended Textbook Criminology Today An Integrative Introduction 6th Edition by Frank J. Schmalleger
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Criminology
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Q1) The United States does not use the political process to criminalize laws.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Perpetrators of a crime should be dealt with individually.This is a belief of the ______ responsibility perspective.
Answer: social
Q3) Laws are social products.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The legalistic perspective of crime can be defined as human conduct in violation of criminal laws of the state,the federal government,or a local jurisdiction that has power to make such laws.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) A ________ studies crime,criminals,and criminal behavior. Answer: criminologist
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Chapter 2: Where Do Theories Come From
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Q1) Creating a _________ helps scientists develop and test a theory.
Answer: hypothesis
Q2) Evidence-based criminology is founded on the ___________ method.
Answer: experimental/scientific
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a dilemma facing criminologists hoping to use statistical evidence to influence social policy?
A)common laws
B)three-strikes laws
C)deviant behavior
D)participant observation
Answer: B
Q4) Making the observation that high crime rates are associated with poverty is a theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The bulk of research in criminology undertaken today explores issues of __________.
Answer: causality
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Chapter 3: Classical and Neoclassical Thought
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Q1) Rousseau designed the Panopticon prison,a major contribution to the field of criminology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The Enlightenment-era concept that human beings abandon their natural state of individual to join a society is which of the following?
A)the Magna Carta
B)constitutional law
C)social contract
D)common law
Answer: C
Q3) Thomas Paine first developed the idea of the social contract during the Enlightenment Era.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) In a small primitive society,_________ govern behavior. Answer: mores/folkways
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Chapter 4: Biological Roots in Criminal Behavior
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Q1) A critique of twin studies is a critique of __________ theory.
Q2) The biological theory assumes that human behavior is rooted in instinctive behavioral responses such as A)psychical abuse.
B)territoriality.
C)mental abuse.
D)intellectuality.
Q3) Many believe that biological theories of crime are actually theories of criminality. A)True
B)False
Q4) Biocriminology links all of the following to criminal behavior except A)Twinkie consumption.
B)economic conditions.
C)hypoglycemia.
D)food allergies.
Q5) With some exceptions,the number of crimes committed by men far exceeds the number of crimes committed by women. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Psychology and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior
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Q1) The modeling theory explains how social learning affects behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
A)Ivan Pavlov
B)Darwin
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Thomas Paine
Q3) Explain Freud's theory of psychoanalysis.Be sure to touch upon what Freud believed makes up the human personality.
Q4) Arguing that violent video games lead to violent behavior is an example of which major theory?
A)behavior theory
B)frustration-aggression theory
C)modeling theory
D)self-control theory
Q5) The first definitions of psychopathic personality explained it as a condition where a person does not feel _______.
Q6) Criminal psychology is also known as ______ psychology.
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Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Q1) Criminology of place is an example of a social policy theory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Based on sociological theories,which of the following does not contribute to the causal nexus out of which crime develops?
A)individual behavior
B)group dynamics
C)subgroup relationships
D)group organization
Q3) The causal nexus out of which crime develops is created by the individual.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A violent subculture that participates in criminal activity would be explained by what theory?
A)culture conflict
B)strain theory
C)social disorganization
D)social change
Q5) Conduct norms are acquired early in life through childhood _________.
Q6) Discuss some of the policy implications of social structure theories.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Theories of Social Process and Social Development
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Q1) Which theory states that it is a combination of both internal and external factors that contribute to law-abiding behavior?
A)social learning theory
B)containment theory
C)social control theory
D)labeling theory
Q2) Many theorists critique the idea of ________ because they feel it is not applicable to the individual level.
A)social control
B)self-control
C)deviance
D)differential association
Q3) Containment theory is a type of ______ theory.
Q4) Deviant behavior is learned according to the principles of operant conditioning in the differential association theory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ________ is the major theorist behind the social learning theory that created the nine principles of differential association.
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Chapter 8: Social Conflict Theories
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Q1) John Hagan,Freda Adler,Rita J.Simon,and Kathleen Daly are associated with which of the following social conflict theories?
A)convict criminology
B)peacemaking criminology
C)radical criminology
D)feminist criminology
Q2) Restorative justice stresses which of the following concepts as a means of responding to crime?
A)retribution
B)punishment
C)deterrence
D)cooperation
Q3) Which of the following social conflicts theories holds that crime-control agencies must work in concert with citizens to alleviate social problems such as crime?
A)left-realist criminology
B)convict criminology
C)radical criminology
D)peacemaking criminology
Q4) Discuss the major criticisms of radical-critical criminology.
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Chapter 9: Crimes Against Persons
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Q1) What are some of the reasons that victims of intimate-partner violence might not leave their abuser,despite escalation of conflict?
Q2) Which of the following statements reflects the first major shift in crime rates in the U.S.?
A)crime increased sharply between the 1940s and the 1960s
B)crime declined dramatically during the early 1940s
C)crime increased significantly between the 1960s and the 1990s
D)crime declined meaningfully during the 1990s and 2000s
Q3) ________________ is a classification of crimes along a specific dimension,such as legal categories,offender motivation,victim behavior,or characteristics of individual offenders.
Q4) Discuss the impact of stalking on victims.What might advocates and policymakers do to control stalking,especially in the realm of cyberspace?
Q5) Homicide statistics suggest that victims and offenders share similar sociodemographic characteristics.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the four primary types of workplace violence?
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Chapter 10: Crimes Against Property
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Q1) Those that are married,older,and male are less likely to be burglarized
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the term for the phase in a criminal's career when he or she shows less commitment to the criminal lifestyle?
A)break-in
B)stable
C)career-end
D)burn-out
Q3) Which of the following is a property crime that does not involve theft?
A)burglary
B)arson
C)larceny
D)shoplifting
Q4) According to the shoplifting typology,which of the following is true of the snitches?
A)They steal items to sell.
B)They steal items for personal use.
C)They report other shoplifters.
D)They are the youngest group.
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Chapter 11: White-Collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) The Wickersham Commission criticized the influence of _____ on professional law enforcement in the U.S.
Q2) The 1914 _____Act prohibited mergers and acquisitions that might create a monopoly that would restrain trade.
Q3) What happened to organized crime between the years of 1931 and 1951?
A)The government eradicated organized criminal activity.
B)The organizations' activities became nearly invisible.
C)The organizations grew exponentially.
D)The rival organizations were at war.
Q4) Which of the following is not considered to be a financial crime according to the FBI?
A)government fraud
B)mass-marketing fraud
C)securities fraud
D)health-care fraud
Q5) What differentiates white-collar crime from other forms of crime,and why is it so difficult to prosecute?
Q6) Disguising illegal income as legal income is known as money_____.
Q7) Summarize the organized crime code known as Omertà .
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Public Order and Drug Crimes
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Q1) Most cocaine comes into the U.S.overland through Mexico.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the name of one well-known antidrug education program in the United States?
A)Drug Education Administration
B)Drug Abuse Refusal Education
C)Drug Abuse Resistance Education
D)Drug Exploitation Arena
Q3) Cocaine and crack cocaine were the drugs most commonly abused by jail inmates.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is true of the relationship between drug use and crime?
A)People with criminal records are no more likely than others to use drugs.
B)There is little known relationship between drug use and crime.
C)Drug users report the same amount of involvement in crime as nonusers.
D)The crime numbers rise as the use of drugs increases.
Q5) Drug-_____ crimes are violations of laws prohibiting or regulating the possession,use,or distribution of illegal drugs
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Q6) Individuals with no _____ record are less likely to report using drugs.
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Chapter 13: Technology and Crime
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Q1) Hacker Kevin Mitnick developed a method of getting a trusted insider to perform an action that enables a hacking attack and referred to it as ________.
Q2) AFIS allows investigators to
A)take a 360-degreee image of a bullet.
B)match a suspect's fingerprints more quickly.
C)create a simulated,computerized crime scene.
D)safely disable a motor vehicle's electrical system.
Q3) The world's largest computer network is A)cyberspace.
B)the Web.
C)the Internet.
D)hyperspace.
Q4) The contrast between cyberspace and the physical and social reality of the real world is summed up in the term A)user interface.
B)hypermedia.
C)virtual reality.
D)hackers.
Q5) Compare and contrast phone phreaking with phishing.
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Chapter 14: Globalization and Terrorism
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Q1) Human smuggling routes are kept well-concealed and few know of them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The 9/11 Commission concluded that the September 11 attacks should not have come as a surprise because the U.S.government had received clear warnings that Islamic terrorists planned to strike targets within the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The USA PATRIOT Act was strictly addressed at provisions that applied to fighting terrorism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The name for the basic facilities,services,and installations needed for a country to function is ________.
Q5) The abbreviation WMD stands for something highly desirable to terrorist organizations: ________.
Q6) Terrorist who seek to form a separate state are called ________.
Q7) Summarize the conclusions of the follow-up Hart-Rudman report.
Q8) Terrorists who pursue their own vision of the divine will are called ________.
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