Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Final
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course examines current and emerging challenges within the field of criminal justice, focusing on how social, political, and technological changes impact crime control and legal processes. Students will analyze topics such as police reform, mass incarceration, restorative justice, surveillance technologies, and the intersection of race, gender, and justice. Through the review of recent cases, legislation, and empirical research, the course encourages critical thinking about policy responses and ethical considerations relevant to contemporary criminal justice issues.
Recommended Textbook Juvenile Delinquency The Core 4th Edition by
Larry J. Siegel
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14 Chapters
1050 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Childhood and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and discuss what childhood was like in the American colonies.
Answer: NOT ANSWER
Q2) Which of the following statements about children in the Middle Ages is false?
A)Children of all classes were subjected to stringent rules and regulations.
B)Girls were educated at home and married in their early teens.
C)Children were expected to undertake responsibilities early in their lives.
D)The parent-child relationship was particularly close and loving.
Answer: D
Q3) Transferring legal jurisdiction over the most serious and experienced juvenile offenders to the adult court for criminal prosecution is known as:
A)waiver
B)parens patriae
C)primogeniture
D)lex talionis
Answer: A
Q4) Transferring legal jurisdiction over the most serious and experienced juvenile offenders to the adult court for criminal prosecution is called _____________.
Answer: waiver (also bindover or removal)
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3
Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) When at least one person is arrested, charged, or turned over to the court for prosecution, a crime has been:
A)"solved"
B)"recorded"
C)"indexed"
D)"cleared"
Answer: D
Q2) Police routinely search, question, and detain all African American males in an area if a violent criminal has been described as "looking or sounding Black." This phenomenon is called _____________________.
Answer: racial profiling
Q3) In 2008, juveniles accounted for 1% of all arrests for part I offenses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) _____________________ refers to the age at which youths being their delinquent careers.
Answer: Age of onset
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Chapter 3: Individual Views of Delinquency: Choice and Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ deterrence is demonstrated by sending convicted offenders to secure incarceration facilities so that punishment is severe enough to convince them not to repeat their criminal activity.
Answer: Specific
Q2) __________________ personality is a person lacking in warmth, exhibiting inappropriate behavior responses, and unable to learn from experience; the condition is defined by persistent violations of social norms, including lying, stealing, truancy, inconsistent work behavior, and traffic arrests.
Answer: Psychopathic
Q3) The __________________ develops through interactions with parents and others and represents the conscience and the moral rules that are shared by most adults.
A)Superego
B)Id
C)Ego
D)Self
Answer: A
Q4) Compare and contrast nature theory and nurture theory.
Answer: NOT ANSWER
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Chapter 4: Sociological Views of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social disorganization theory, neighborhoods that are disorganized are incapable of effective social control.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________________________ is the process of passing on deviant traditions and delinquent values from one from one generation to the next.
A)Social disorganization
B)Cultural transmission
C)Social control
D)Social learning
Q3) According to the text, restorative justice:
A)is a non-punitive strategy based on healing
B)is concerned with the offender taking responsibility for his actions
C)seeks to return the offender to the community as a full productive member
D)all of the above
Q4) According to Robert Merton, ____________________ occurs when individuals feel social and psychological strain due to a lack of acceptable means for achieving success.
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Chapter 5: Developmental Views of Delinquency: Life
Course and Latent Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _________________________ model is a developmental theory that attributes delinquent behavior patterns to childhood socialization and pro- or antisocial attachments over the life course.
Q2) According to age-graded theory, building social capital and strong social bonds reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance; as people go through their life course the factors that influence their behavior undergo change.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify and compare the two types of developmental theories discussed in the text.
Q4) The _________________________ holds that commitment and attachment to conventional institutions, activities, and beliefs insulate youths from the delinquency-producing influences in their environment; children who cannot form prosocial bonds in their family are at risk for being exposed to deviant attitudes and behaviors.
A)differential social control theory
B)interactional theory
C)social development model
D)general theory of crime
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Chapter 6: Gender and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ___________________ is the view that low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the leniency with which police treat female offenders.
Q2) According to ___________________, female criminality is overlooked or forgiven by males in the criminal justice system.
A)gender schema theory
B)chivalry hypothesis
C)psychodynamic theory
D)power control theory
Q3) The androgen most often related to antisocial behavior is testosterone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In a 1928 work, The Unadjusted Girl, W. I. Thomas suggested that some girls who have not been socialized under middle-class family controls can become:
A)introverted psychopaths
B)isolated from their peers
C)overly concerned with male peers
D)impulsive thrill seekers
Q5) In 1925, Cyril Burt linked female delinquency to _____________________.
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Chapter 7: The Family and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many states use the __________________ approach to accommodate the parents' natural right to control their children and the child's right to grow up free from harm.
A)dual prong
B)twin pillar
C)middle of the road
D)balancing-of-the-interests
Q2) Large families may suffer from _______________________ when resources are spread too thin.
A)Mother Hubbard syndrome
B)Walton's syndrome
C)resource dilution
D)resource competition
Q3) According to the text, 75 percent of African American children will experience parental separation or divorce before they reach age sixteen.
A)True
B)False
Q4) States have relaxed laws of evidence to allow out of court statements by a child, otherwise considered __________________, to be used as evidence.
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Chapter 8: Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs and Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________________ have limited cohesion, impermanence, minimal consensus of norms, shifting membership, disturbed leadership, and limited definitions of membership expectations.
Q2) A popular headpiece among Asian gang members is the "stingy brim" fedora or a baseball cap with the wearer's nickname and gang affiliation written on the bill.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements best reflects control theory?
A)delinquents are alienated from conventional peers, but have strong bonds to delinquent peers
B)delinquents are alienated from their conventional peers and from their delinquent peers
C)delinquents learn delinquent values, attitudes, and behaviors from their peers
D)none of the above statements reflect control theory
Q4) Many Anglo gangs are derivatives of the English punk and _______________ movement of the 1970s.
Q5) Compare and contrast Africa American, Hispanic, Asian, and Anglo gangs. (pp. 194-196)
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Q6) ______________ are loosely organized groups who share interests and activities.
Chapter 9: Schools and Delinquency
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Q1) Identify and discuss at least four of the seven school security efforts presented in the text.
Q2) One common strategy of school-based delinquency prevention programs focus on _________________ strategies. These strategies seek to improve students' psychological assets and self image, giving them the resources to resist antisocial behavior.
Q3) The 2000 United States Supreme Court case Santa Fe independent School District, Petitioner v. Jane Doe ruled that school prayers led by an elected student threatens the religious freedom of minority viewpoints and therefore is unconstitutional.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Goss v. Lopez, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:
A)school systems have a right to drug test all athletes
B)any time a student is to be suspended for up to ten days he or she is entitled to a hearing
C)high school students have a constitutional right to use active speech
D)teachers have the right to use corporal punishment to discipline their students
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11
Chapter 10: Drug Use and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, about ______ percent of youths who use more serious drugs started on pot.
A)60
B)75
C)80
D)95
Q2) The most widely abused anesthetic drug is phencyclidine, also known as:
A)crack
B)MDMA
C)LSD
D)PCP
Q3) It is estimated that Latin American countries now supply about 50 percent of the heroin consumed in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) About two-thirds of substance-abusing youths stop using drugs before they reach adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Methedrine is the most widely used and most dangerous
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Chapter 11: The History and Development of Juvenile Justice
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Q1) According to the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899, children should not be held as accountable as adult transgressors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For juvenile offenders, a(n) ___________________, is the equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders.
Q3) Describe the social, political, and economic events which led to the development of the juvenile justice system in the United States.
Q4) Only the state of Alaska has not changed its transfer statutes to make it easier to waive juveniles to adult courts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following was seen as the primary purpose of the original juvenile justice system?
A)incapacitation
B)deterrence
C)retribution
D)rehabilitation
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Chapter 12: Police Work With Juveniles
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Q1) Most courts have held that the _______________ Amendment ban against unreasonable search and seizure applies to juveniles.
Q2) Most juvenile codes provide broad authority for the police to take juveniles into custody, which implies a protective rather than punitive form of custody.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _______________ refers to a style of law enforcement that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents alone.
A)Traditional policing
B)Problem-oriented policing
C)Community policing
D)Professional policing
Q4) In problem oriented policing, the four-step model, often referred to as S.A.R.A, includes: scanning, analysis, response, and ____________________.
Q5) _____________________ refers to questions posed by the police to a suspect held in custody in the prejudicial stage of the juvenile justice process.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Juvenile Court Process: Pretrial, Trial, and Sentencing
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Q1) Nonjudicial adjustment and handling or processing are all names for what is commonly known as diversion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In about twenty-nine states, certain offenses are automatically excluded from juvenile court. This is called _________________________ policies.
Q3) Courts must provide counsel to indigent defendants who face the possibility of incarceration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Breed v. Jones, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles are protected against double jeopardy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and discuss the U.S. Supreme Court cases that relate to the death penalty for juveniles.
Q6) Compare and contrast indeterminate, determinate, and mandatory sentences.
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Q7) ____________________ involves the exchange of prosecutorial and judicial concessions for guilty pleas.
Chapter 14: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community
Treatment, and Institutionalization
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Q1) Milieu therapy, developed by William Glasser during the 1970s, emphasizes current, rather than past, behavior by stressing that offenders are completely responsible for their own actions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A policy known as __________________ mandates that a youth should not be put in a secure institution if a community based program is available.
A)coddling tendency
B)ratcheting effect
C)funneling process
D)least restrictive alternative
Q3) ____________________ programs are counselling programs in which peer leaders encourage other youths to conform to conventional behavior.
A)Milieu therapy
B)Psychotherapy
C)Reality therapy
D)Positive peer culture
Q4) Identify and discuss the seven core values characteristic of restorative justice.
Page 16
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