Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course explores current challenges and developments within the criminal justice system, emphasizing contemporary issues such as policing reforms, mass incarceration, racial disparities, restorative justice, and the impact of technology on crime and legal processes. Students will analyze case studies, engage with policy debates, and examine the social, political, and ethical dimensions of justice in a changing society. The course encourages critical thinking about reforms and innovations that shape the future of criminal justice locally and globally.
Recommended Textbook
Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies 1st Edition by Stacy L. Mallicoat
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14 Chapters
997 Verified Questions
997 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Packer suggests that this model of justice resembles an obstacle course.
A) Crime control
B) Due process
C) Nonintervention
D) Restorative justice
Answer: B
Q2) Stories of violent crime make up approximately this proportion of all news time.
A) 1/3
B) 2/3
C) 3/4
D) 1/2
Answer: A
Q3) Packer suggests that this model of justice resembles an assembly line.
A) Crime control
B) Due process
C) Nonintervention
D) Restorative justice
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Concepts of Law and Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) In strict liability crimes,__________ does not need to be proven in order for the individual to be guilty.
A) actus reus
B) mens rea
C) concurrence
D) result
Answer: B
Q2) ________ law is created as a result of legal decisions by the court.
A) Statutory
B) Case
C) Administrative
D) Constitutional Answer: B
Q3) Laws about crime generally fall into one of two categories.Explain these and provide one example of each.
Answer: Crimes that are mala in se are acts that are considered to be inherently illegal.Murder is an example.Acts that are mala prohibita are only crimes because they have been defined under the law as illegal.Drug use is an example.
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Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) A review of data over a 10-year period demonstrates that the violent crime rate fell 18.7% since 2003.
A) 5.3
B) 18.7
C) 29.6
D) 42.4
Answer: B
Q2) One of the most influential longitudinal studies on at-risk behaviors and youth is the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Study (YRBS).
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The ______ began in 1976 and included 1725 youth between the ages of 11 and 17 years (and a parent)who were selected randomly from across the United States.
A) YRBS
B) NYSFS
C) MFS
D) ABS
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Explanations of Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the major difference between classical and positivist theories of crime?
Q2) This theory focuses on stress and frustration as a cause of criminality.
A) Social Disorganization
B) Strain
C) Differential Association
D) Labeling
Q3) Developed by Howard Becker,this theory is based on the self-fulfilling prophecy.
A) Differential association
B) Labeling
C) Social bond
D) Social disorganization
Q4) Define and provide one example of a hypothesis.
Q5) Feminist pathways research seeks to show how life events and traumas affect the likelihood to engage in crime.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the significance of feminist criminology?
Q7) Compare and contrast Merton's strain theory with Agnew's general strain theory.
Q8) What are the policy implications of the classical school of criminology?
Q9) Explain Merton's five adaptations to strain.Provide one example of each. Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Victims and the Criminal Justice System
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first victim services organization was called the:
A) Victim Services Organization.
B) U.S. Victimization Center.
C) Criminal Justice Advocacy Center.
D) Crime Victim Advocacy Center.
Q2) First passed in 1994,the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)provided victims of intimate partner violence (IPV)support through the allocation of federal funds for prosecuting offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Routine activities theory suggests that the likelihood of a criminal act occurs with the convergence of three essential components: a motivated offender,a suitable target,and lack of capable guardianship.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is estimated that only _____% of victims report violent crime.
A) 23
B) 37
C) 49
D) 62
Page 8
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Chapter 6: Criminal Justice Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outcome evaluation involves looking at the progression of the policy development experience.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In October 1996,President Reagan signed the __________,which allocated $1.7 billion dollars to expand prison facilities and provide drug education and treatment and established mandatory minimum sentences for the possession of crack and powder cocaine.
A) Drug Abuse Resistant Education Act
B) Anti-Drug Abuse Act
C) Just Say No Act
D) Narcotic Control Act
Q3) Policy evaluation can be divided into two general categories: process evaluation and outcome evaluation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is direct democracy and how does this process work?
Q5) Identify and describe the seven program fidelity factors.
Q6) Explain the common viewpoints of liberals in criminal justice policy.
Q7) Why is policy evaluation so important?
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Chapter 7: Policing Organizations and Practices
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70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sir Robert Peel is responsible for the formation of the ________________.
A) Lincolnshire Metropolitan Police Force
B) London Metropolitan Police Force
C) Los Angeles Metropolitan Police Force
D) Washington Metropolitan Police Force
Q2) The test of police __________ is the absence of crime and disorder,not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.
A) quality
B) brutality
C) service
D) efficiency
Q3) The limited number of minorities in upper management can impact the retention of qualified minority candidates.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are some significant features of the Community Problem-Solving Era?
Q5) SARA stands for scanning,analysis,response,and assessment.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Compare and contrast problem-oriented policing and community policing.
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Issues in Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the background and significance of Miranda v.Arizona?
Q2) What protections are provided under the fourth amendment?
Q3) What are two circumstances described in the text in which police may search without a warrant?
Q4) What strategy would best prevent officers from engaging in racial profiling as well as protecting them from fabricated claims of discrimination?
A) A witnesses present who could testify that the officer did not engage in racial profiling.
B) Policies that would prohibit racial profiling.
C) Police officers wearing a body cam.
D) Guided procedures that mandate how officers should carry out traffic stops.
Q5) Which of the following cases challenged the 1966 U.S.Supreme Court decision in Miranda v.Arizona?
A) Berghuis v. Thompkins
B) California v. Acevedo
C) Terry v. Ohio
D) All of these
Q6) Explain the two types of corruption identified by the Knapp Commission.Provide one example of each.
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Chapter 9: Courts and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) The____ amendment of the constitution states that persons who have been accused of a crime have the right to an attorney to assist in their defense.
A) first
B) fourth
C) sixth
D) eighth
Q2) A __________ is granted in cases where the court believes that a potential juror may be unfair or biased in their decision-making.
A) peremptory challenge
B) challenge for cause
C) unqualified juror
D) constitutional challenge
Q3) Describe the three steps of the Missouri plan.
Q4) During the voir dire process,the prosecutor and the defense question potential jurors to determine who should be selected to serve.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and briefly describe the four types of jurisdiction discussed in your text.
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Chapter 10: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the trend in executions since 1976.
Q2) The Furman v.Georgia decision separated the guilt and sentencing decisions into two separate trials.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the case of Blakely v.Washington,the Court held that the state sentencing guidelines that were used by Washington State violated a defendant's sixth amendment rights to a trial by jury.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Determinate sentencing was first featured during the progressive era of the late 1800s.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Under this sentencing philosophy,justice becomes an opportunity for healing.
A) Incapacitation
B) Restoration
C) Deterrence
D) Rehabilitation
Q6) How are federal sentencing guidelines used by states today?
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Prisons and Jails
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Sample Questions
Q1) For young inmates,black males had the greatest disparity of incarceration as they were 10 times more likely to be in prison compared to similarly aged white men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the characteristics of the New York System?
Q3) What are some characteristics of military prisons?
Q4) For correctional officers,there is a high degree of bureaucracy within the prison walls,which can contribute to feelings of job dissatisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following was not characteristic of early jails?
A) They were overcrowded
B) Prisoners were required to pay their own way.
C) Did not have basic necessities such as heating, water, or plumbing.
D) Facilities had large cell sizes designed for multiple inmates
Q6) Discuss the significance of PREA.
Q7) What are some of the major differences between jail and prison?
Q8) What is overcrowding and how does it affect the correctional system?
Q9) What are some key features of the different security levels?
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Chapter 12: Community Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a common condition of probation assigned by the court?
A) Obtain permission to change residence
B) Maintain employment or attendance in school
C) Maintain sobriety from drugs and alcohol
D) All of these are common conditions of probation
Q2) ROR is a financial commitment provided to the court,usually either as property or money,in exchange for the promise to appear at a later date.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________ occurs when an offender is either denied bail or is financially unable to make bail and must remain in custody until their case is resolved or their status changes with the court.
A) Pretrial detention
B) Release On Own Recognizance
C) Pretrial Release
D) Diversion
Q4) What are the major needs faced by ex-offenders during the reentry process?
Q5) What are the benefits and drawbacks of drug courts?
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the case of McKeiver v.Pennsylvania,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles have a right to a trial by jury.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the demographics of juvenile offenders.
Q3) In juvenile justice,this term refers to the sentence.
A) Intake
B) Adjudication
C) Disposition
D) Commitment
Q4) These early institutions focused not only on young offenders,but also on children whose parents were unable to care for them due to disease,neglect,or death.
A) House of refuge
B) Reform school
C) Detention center
D) All of the above
Q5) Define and provide one example of a status offense.
Q6) Explain the background and significance of Kent v.U.S.(1966).
Q7) Explain the developments leading to the creation of the first juvenile court.
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Chapter 14: Emerging Issues for the 21st Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) In June 2015,the Senate passed the USA Freedom Act which ended a key controversial provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act by changing the way that phone data are collected by authorities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In 2013,more than ______ million weapons were seized by customs officials around the world.
A) 1.4
B) 1.8
C) 2.6
D) 3.1
Q3) Which of the following is not a key feature of the USA PATRIOT Act?
A) Expanded the powers and budget of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
B) Added new provisions to mandatory detention laws for individuals who either engage in acts of terrorism or threaten national security
C) Expanded the monitoring of foreign student visas
D) All of these are features of the USA PATRIOT Act
Q4) Recreational use of drones is regulated by a series of guidelines by the Federal Aviation Administration.Name three of these regulations.
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